S-686 Impacts of disease activity and neurotrophic factors on depression in rheumatoid arthritis

( Hyun Gyung Jang ),( Minyoung Kim ),( Young Sun Suh ),( Hyun-ok Kim ),( Sang-il Lee ),( Yun-hong Cheon ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

Background:?Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and depression is closely associated with each other. The neurotrophic factors are related with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the impacts of disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors on depression in RA patients have not well studied.?Objectives:?To determine the risk factors for depression and to examine the effect of disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors on depression in patients with RA.?Methods:?This cross sectional study was conducted from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015 from 3 university hospitals. Demographic and laboratory data were examined and routine assessment of patient index data 3 (RAPID 3) questionnaire and 28 joints disease activity score (DAS28-CRP) were assessed for disease activity. Depression was measured by Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory second edition (K-BDI II). Serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, VEGF, GDNF, and IGF-1 were assessed by ELISA.?Results:?A total of 507 RA patients were recruited. The prevalence of depression was 33.1% (n=168). RAPID 3 score (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4, p=0.006) and severity of fatigue (OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.07-1.32, p=0.001) showed significant associations with depression in multivariate analysis. The RA patients with DAS 28-CRP ≥3.2 (n=126) had more risk for depression than those with DAS 28-CRp<3.2 (n=279) in multivariate analysis (OR 2.02 95% CI 1.34-3.06, p=0.006). When patients was followed up for a year after strict treatment, as DAS28-CRP decreased, BDI score also decreased (ΔDAS28-CRP: -1.4±1.6, and ΔK-BDI II: -5.4±10.1, p<0.001). There were no relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression (IL-1β: r=0.057, IL-6: r=0.169, TNF-α: r=-0.078). In the case of neurotrophic factors, the level of BDNF showed weakly correlation with K-BDI II score (r=-0.233, p<0.001).?Conclusions:?This study suggests strict control of fatigue and disease activity is important in regulating depressive symptoms in patients with RA. To evaluate psychologic manifestation of RA patients, using both RAPID 3 score and DAS28 might be helpful.

국소성 분절성 사구체 신병증의 동물 모델 (FGS/kist 생쥐) 신 조직의 유전자 발현 양상

강희경,이병섭,이철호,하일수,정해일,최용,Kang, Hee-Gyung,Lee, Byong-Sop,Lee, Chul-Ho,Ha, Il-Soo,Cheong, Hae-Il,Choi, Yong 대한소아신장학회 2011 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.15 No.1

목 적: 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증(Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 이하 FSGS)은 소아신부전의 원인 중 가장 흔한 사구체 질환이다. 일차성 FSGS의 병인은 아직 알려져 있지 않으므로, 저자들은 FSGS의 동물 모델을 대상으로 cDNA 마이크로어레이를 이용한 유전자 발현 양상 분석을 통하여 유전자 발현 수준에서의 FSGS의 질환의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법: 사람의 일차성 FSGS와 유사한 질병경과를 보이는 동물모델인 FGS/kist 생쥐의 신피질 조직을 대조군 생쥐(FGS/kist 생쥐의 조상 strain인 RFM/kist 생쥐)와 AB 1700 mouse chip을 이용한 마이크로어레이 실험으로 비교하였다. 결 과: FGS 질병특이 유전자가 62개 추출되었다. 이들은 세포주기/사멸, 면역반응과 지질 대사/혈관 질환과 관련된 유전자들로써, 유전자간 network의 중심유전자가 면역반응(TNF, IL-6/4, IFNg)과 세포사멸 조절 유전자(TP 53), 그리고 지질대사의 중요 유전자인 PPARG이었다. 결 론: 이 연구에서 저자들은 자발적인 FSGS의 임상경과를 보이는 FGS/Kist 생쥐의 신장조직의 유전자 발현의 분석을 통하여 신장세포사멸과 면역반응에 뒤따르는 기질 섬유화, 그리고 지질 대사의 이상과 조기 혈관 질환이 FSGS의 병태생리에 기여할 것임을 다시 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적인 연구가 계속된다면 global transcriptome profiling 기법으로 병인 탐색 및 치료방법 개발 에 의미 있는 결과를 도출할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy causing pediatric renal failure. Since specific treatment targeting the etiology and pathophysiology of primary FSGS is yet elusive, the authors explored the pathophysiology of FSGS by transcriptome analysis of the disease using an animal model. Methods: FGS/kist strain, a mouse model of primary FSGS, and RFM/kist strain, as control and the parent strain of FGS/kist, were used. Kidney tissues were harvested and isolated renal cortex was used to extract mRNA, which was run on AB 1700 mouse microarray chip after reverse transcription to get the transcriptome profile. Results: Sixty two genes were differentially expressed in FGS/kist kidney tissue compared to the control. Those genes were related to cell cycle/cell death, immune reaction, and lipid metabolism/vasculopathy, and the key molecules of their networks were TNF, IL-6/4, IFN${\gamma}$, TP53, and PPAR${\gamma}$. Conclusion: This study confirmed that renal cell death, immune system activation with subsequent fibrosis, and lipid metabolism-related early vasculopathy were involved in the pathophysiology of FSGS. In addition, the relevance of methodology used in this study, namely transcriptome profiling, and Korean animal model of FGS/kist was validated. Further study would reveal novel pathophysiology of FSGS for new therapeutic targets.

近代化의 苦悶과 將來

李景日 진주산업대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This paper examined various fields about The Agony and The Future of Modernization and it was summarized as follows. ① The process of modernization, which began in Italy in the fifteenth century and spread to most of the West over the following five hundred years, is now world-wide. Whether we describe this contemporary process as the “breaking down of tradition”or as the “revolution of rising expectation”, it is apparent that poeple demand and are experiencing change at a pace and of a magnitude for which there are few, if any, historical parallels. The achievements of man in the modern age provide unprecedented opportunities for human welfare and fulfillment, but they have also placed in the hands of man instruments of universal destruction. If only for their own preservation, men must sd아 a correct understanding of the modern age and support the values and institutions best suited to the interests and welfare of all mankind. ② The rapid emergence of the subject of future, it also explodes all our convential ideas about ending poverty on the planet. We need transnational food stockpiles and“hot spot”disasterrelief organizations. We need consortia and teams of nongovernmental organizations to attack various global problems. We must speed the construction of strong transnational agencies for governing outer space and the oceans. We shall have to overhaul the ossified, bureaucratic United Nations from the ground floor up. ③ Modernization is the central task of mankind and that one can foresee the time then highly technology will make possible an era of material abundance for all. The F¨uture of Modernization, must and will draw on an amazing variety of energy sources-hydrogen, solar, geothermal, tidal, lightning discharges, ultimately perhaps advanced fusion power, as well as other energy sources not yet imagined in the nowadays. ④ This new civilization, as it challenges the old, it could-with great intelligent help from us-turn out to be the first truly humane civilization in recorded history.

近代化의 比較硏究

李景日 진주산업대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This paper selectively dealt with Puerto Rico and Israel which appear peculiarly in the process of the modernization by quoting the theory of professor Cyril E.Black, an authority in the historical and comparative study of modernization, and synthetically examined the characteristic in connection with the modernization of our country was summarized as follows. ① The modernization of the the western world was endogenous and gradual, but that of Asia was exogenous and revolutionary. ② The phase of consolidation of modernizing leadership is as follows. In Puerto Rico it was achieved in the year of 1898∼1952, in Israel 1920∼1948, in Korea 1945∼1960, and from the very last year of this phase it entered into the phase of economic and social transformation. ③ Puerto Rico which belongs to the fourth pattern is the example of the newer states in the field of industry and Israel which belongs to the sixth pattern in the field of agriculture, and both countries show high economic growth and high national income per capita. Especially Israel is very instructive to us because it strengthened the basis of the semideveloped country, in spite of her high population increase rate and high national defense expenditure for fighting against the Arab League. On the other hand, our country belongs to the sixth pattern and accomplished a high economic growth, but lags behind Puerto Rico and Israel in the field of national income per capita. And so we should lay stress on independent economy and stabilized growth. Especially we should prepare a long-­term and effective counterplan against population increase. ④ It can be said that the three countries above achieved in the form of "adjusting a body to clothes" or "from the upside". Therefore modernization should be driven in individual and independent way suitable to the condition of one's own country in the light of the historical and social economic characteristic.

近代化 理論

李景日 진주산업대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

The concept of "modernization" is subjective as well as objective. According to the points of view, it can be neutral of connotative of value. So it is a very universal concept. The modernization requires the plantation and naturalization of cultures. Thus historical and general integration, and the regional and temporal individualization are desirable for the study on modernization. As the precedent studies on the common characteristics of the modernization. we can mention Cyril E. Black's 4-phase theory and W. W. Rostow's 5-stage theory of economic growth. Especially, Rostow is a pioneering modernist criticizing the developmental theory of the materialists. They approach the problem of modernization very flexibly, regarding each aspect of the society as interdependent parts of an organic whole. Black advanced the 7-pattern theory of modernization focusing on the political modernization; S. N. Eisenstadt set up 2 phases of modernization focusing on the patterns of social change: and Szymon Chodak formulated 4 patterns of modernization according to the foundation and the proceeding method of modernization. The accomplished contents and level of the English modernization are assessed variously by each scholar. The intellectual aspect of modernization was a key to the European growth and the human development. In the psychological aspect, creativity, need for achievement, sense of national mission and resonable orientation have made a great contribution to the modernization. The value systems of these two aspects have provided the ideological foundation for the modernization.

18-19세기 초 英國의 社會的 近代化

李景日 진주산업대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

The fundamental motive of modernization is an affluent life. And its goal is to achieve not only the physical quantity but also the mental quality of life, and so to refine the texture of life. The modernization of England has brought about the reasonable civil society of bourgeoisie in the social aspect. The modernization of England has been a process of repeated innovations and revolutions. England was the first country of the world experiencing the process of modernization. So it has acted as a circulator of modernization and has been a model in many ways to the other countries. The characteristics of the English modernization were that its process was independent, autonomous, intrinsic and spontaneous, and that the political, the economic, and the social changes and developments were parallel and interdependent. In the social modernization, the social modilization is important. It made a great contribution to the spread of education and nationalism, and the nationalization. As to the labor problems, also, the optimistic view is more persuasive. The living standard of the laboring population seems to have improved gradually, and their interests also seem to have been advanced through the activities of the labor organizations. The rationalization and modernization of human beings also made a great contribution. Liberalism played a great part as a foundation of such changes.

帝國主義에 關한 一考 : 英國을 中心으로, 1870∼1900 Around England, 1870∼1900

李景日 진주산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Imperialism after 1870 falls under the period of more Strengthened imperialistic policy in European Great Powers including England. As a result of this, the hostile relation among European Great Powers became more acute with international tension, after all bringing about World War Ⅰ and on the other hand resistance and nationalistic movement in the underdeveloped countries. "Imperialism" is the term implying several meanings and a flexible language as well. In its significance, this paper surveyed centering around the theory of Joseph A. Schumpeter, William L. Langer, Rudolph Hilferding, V.L. Lenin including John A. Hobson who mainly researched from the viewpoint of the economic imperialistic theory. In the next place this paper examined not only the relation between nationalism and imperialism but also its role, and finally centering around the theory of John A. Hobson about the imperialism in England in 1870∼1900. This period in the time European Capitalistic countries including England pursued new imperialism by intense abroad expansion and the competition of territorial division all over the world. Consequently this study concentrated on the negative side of imperialsm.

民族主義에 關한 一考 : 그 槪念과 過程을 中心으로 around the idea and the process

李景日 진주산업대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The nationalism as we know appeared after the latter part of the eighteenth century and stood out first from the period of the French Revolution. The French Revolution added dynamic power to this new movement and was the most powerful factor in strengthening and expanding of nationalism, but it was not coincident with the time of the beginning of nationalism. As all other historic movements, nationalism is deep-rooted in the past. The western civilization spread in the form of nationalism at last became the moment for the ruin of governing power of Europe and imperialism. At that time, the nationalism limited to the western world suddenly spread all over the world and the European nationalistic age of the nineteenth century developed into the world-wide nationalism of the twentieth ccentury. But nationalism spoke for the desire of all human beings for the equality and the dignity of mankind and on the other hand has been the most powerful and fatalistic motive for one country's ruling over other country. Inthe age of nationalism, the race feeling itself became the principal motive of the national development. But now the new age for the history of the whole world which can be called "pan-nationalism" will be able to contribute to the desirable order in the world sociey and we can hope to find the new justness for nationalism as well according to the degree we can surmount the deep-rooted nationalism in the feeling of mankind up to the present. The main scholarly research of nationalism can be said to have been initiated by the historians of the twentieth century including prof. Carlton J.H. Hayes, prof. Hans Kohn, prof. E. H. Carr and prof. Elie Kedourie. In this paper 'the idea of nationalism' around the theory of Hans Kohn is examined, and the view of 'three steps in nationalism' by E. H. Carr as well as the process of 'nationalism and modernization' by Ernest Gellner is surveyed.

비스마르크와 그의 體制에 關한 一考

李景日 진주산업대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This paper examined various fields about Bismarck and His System, in fact, no one might have influenced the development of an era as Bismarck. and it was summarized as follow. ① He was of pure Junker origin of Scho¨nhausen. And he was not only a Hofpartei, a Conservative, and a millitarist but also a men of PreuBen fitst. ② The “Small German (Kleindeutschtum)” program meant Prussian domination of the non-Austrian Germanstates, and therefore became Bismarck's goal. ③ As Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871 to 1890, Bismarck became the leading statesman in all Europe. As a nineteenth-century realist with no dream of world-empire, he felt that his limited goals had been attained. ④ His 「Blood and Iron policy」, that is, unification policy by military force was the basis of his 「Realpolitik」. German unification in itself was achieved through three foreign wars (for six yeats) by Blood and Iron policy, moreover, the agitation for the liberalism was easily suppressed by military power. ⑤ Germany was unified by Bismarck as the result of “nationalism” completed in 1870's, and at the same time she emerged as a powerful nation in Europe. It is needless to say that this unification stood for the victory of the nationalism in the nineteenth century. ⑥ He also positively propelled the welfare of the working classes and carried out the more developed system of social security through 1880's. ⑦While th was Chancellor of the German Empire for 20 years, he constructed the system of multilateral alliance and entente as a distinguished mediator of many-sided opposition relations. and it contributed to the international order and the preservation of peace in Europe, so it was called “the Bismarckian System.” ⑧ It can be said that his formation of national country gave birth to “imperialism.” and because the empire he established became the source of the tragedy, it came to be the subject of discussion today again.

1832年 英國 選擧法改正 以前의 選擧法改正運動

이경일,남철호 진주산업대학교 2004 論文集 Vol.43 No.-

There are many studies on the English Reform Act of 1832. The advocates of the traditional view have held that motives of whigs was a ‘concession’ for the sake of their interest. But this views have many weakness. D. C. Moore has described the Reform Act as an attempted constitutional ‘cure' to maintain Deference Community rather than as a concession. But, R. Davis and J. R. Dinwiddy denied the traditional view and the new one. This thesis aims to examine the Reform Act movements before 1832 in British. Two points derived from examined above can be summed up as follows. First, English Reform Act Movements and English Reform Act of 1832 were attained not by middle class pressure but by whig reformers' efforts to maintain a mixed and balanced constitution which existed from long time ago. Yorkshire Movements are special examples. Reformers who succeeded Yorkshire Movements tradition consistently tried to the Reform, at last they achieved the Reform Act 1832. Second, in relation to the whig reformers' motives, they motivated not by party interest, landed class interest or fear of revolution, but rather by a spirit of reform, a positive belief that reform was in accordance with whig principles. They just intended to maintain a mixed constitution. Different from D. C. Moore's view, whig reformers tried to deprive of rotten and nomination boroughs and then redistribute them to large industrial town. They wanted to give middle classes the franchise. So, they intended to strengthen middle classes' influence. Summing up, the Reform Act movements before 1832 were the touchstone of the Great Reform Act.