S-686 Impacts of disease activity and neurotrophic factors on depression in rheumatoid arthritis

( Hyun Gyung Jang ),( Minyoung Kim ),( Young Sun Suh ),( Hyun-ok Kim ),( Sang-il Lee ),( Yun-hong Cheon ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

Background:?Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and depression is closely associated with each other. The neurotrophic factors are related with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the impacts of disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors on depression in RA patients have not well studied.?Objectives:?To determine the risk factors for depression and to examine the effect of disease activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors on depression in patients with RA.?Methods:?This cross sectional study was conducted from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015 from 3 university hospitals. Demographic and laboratory data were examined and routine assessment of patient index data 3 (RAPID 3) questionnaire and 28 joints disease activity score (DAS28-CRP) were assessed for disease activity. Depression was measured by Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory second edition (K-BDI II). Serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, VEGF, GDNF, and IGF-1 were assessed by ELISA.?Results:?A total of 507 RA patients were recruited. The prevalence of depression was 33.1% (n=168). RAPID 3 score (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4, p=0.006) and severity of fatigue (OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.07-1.32, p=0.001) showed significant associations with depression in multivariate analysis. The RA patients with DAS 28-CRP ≥3.2 (n=126) had more risk for depression than those with DAS 28-CRp<3.2 (n=279) in multivariate analysis (OR 2.02 95% CI 1.34-3.06, p=0.006). When patients was followed up for a year after strict treatment, as DAS28-CRP decreased, BDI score also decreased (ΔDAS28-CRP: -1.4±1.6, and ΔK-BDI II: -5.4±10.1, p<0.001). There were no relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression (IL-1β: r=0.057, IL-6: r=0.169, TNF-α: r=-0.078). In the case of neurotrophic factors, the level of BDNF showed weakly correlation with K-BDI II score (r=-0.233, p<0.001).?Conclusions:?This study suggests strict control of fatigue and disease activity is important in regulating depressive symptoms in patients with RA. To evaluate psychologic manifestation of RA patients, using both RAPID 3 score and DAS28 might be helpful.

국소성 분절성 사구체 신병증의 동물 모델 (FGS/kist 생쥐) 신 조직의 유전자 발현 양상

강희경,이병섭,이철호,하일수,정해일,최용,Kang, Hee-Gyung,Lee, Byong-Sop,Lee, Chul-Ho,Ha, Il-Soo,Cheong, Hae-Il,Choi, Yong 대한소아신장학회 2011 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy causing pediatric renal failure. Since specific treatment targeting the etiology and pathophysiology of primary FSGS is yet elusive, the authors explored the pathophysiology of FSGS by transcriptome analysis of the disease using an animal model. Methods: FGS/kist strain, a mouse model of primary FSGS, and RFM/kist strain, as control and the parent strain of FGS/kist, were used. Kidney tissues were harvested and isolated renal cortex was used to extract mRNA, which was run on AB 1700 mouse microarray chip after reverse transcription to get the transcriptome profile. Results: Sixty two genes were differentially expressed in FGS/kist kidney tissue compared to the control. Those genes were related to cell cycle/cell death, immune reaction, and lipid metabolism/vasculopathy, and the key molecules of their networks were TNF, IL-6/4, IFN${\gamma}$, TP53, and PPAR${\gamma}$. Conclusion: This study confirmed that renal cell death, immune system activation with subsequent fibrosis, and lipid metabolism-related early vasculopathy were involved in the pathophysiology of FSGS. In addition, the relevance of methodology used in this study, namely transcriptome profiling, and Korean animal model of FGS/kist was validated. Further study would reveal novel pathophysiology of FSGS for new therapeutic targets.

프랑스 革命에 關한 一考

李景日 진주산업대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This paper dealt with the general state of the French Revolution was summarized as follows. ① It made a wide contribution to several countries in the field of ideology or systems and acted as a model to the modernizing leaders. ② It overturned Ancien Re´gime, won modern civil society, practised agricultural revolution and social reformation, and achieved social revolution. ③ Politically, it was a typical and perfect Bourgeois Revolution that workers and farmers formed an alliance centering around Bourgeoisi. ④ It not only realized constitutionalism or democratic republican government that guaranted the freedom and the equality of the people but also justified people's resistance against oppression. ⑤ Owing to democratic ideology, the realization of nationalism, and the achievement of the intellectual, religious and economic freedom, the capitalistic system was established. ⑥ Modern nationalism came into being and paved the way for the realization of the modern nation-­state.

18-19세기 초 영국 노동운동의 확산

이경일 진주산업대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.44 No.-

This paper is a study on the spread of the 18th-Early 19th century English the Labor Movement. The 18th-19th century England achieved innovations without going through revolutions. The reasons are that England at that time had such anti-revolutionists as political leaders, capitalists and Methodists, but no poor farmers, and that she had the reasonable institutions and systems and the parliamentary ability to solve problems rationally. The democratic and parliamentary institutions of England were models to the other European countries at that time. The cotton and iron industries were the driving force of Industrial Revolution. The technological innovations contributed to the improvement of industrial productivity. The economy of England developed gradually through its spontaneous and independent efforts, achieving a distinguished development especially after 1780’s. It is generally believed that the population growth exercised a favorable influence upon the economic development of England through abundant supply of labor and greater demand. As to the living standard of the English people, many measurable data back up the optimists' view. It is a common view that their living standard improved markedly after 1820's. In the social modernization, the social mobilization is important. It made a great contribution to the spread of education and nationalism, and the nationalization. As to the labor problems, also, the optimistic view is more persuasive. The living standard of the laboring population seems to have improved gradually, and their interests also seem to have been advanced through the activities of the labor organizations.

비스마르크와 그의 體制에 關한 一考

李景日 진주산업대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This paper examined various fields about Bismarck and His System, in fact, no one might have influenced the development of an era as Bismarck. and it was summarized as follow. ① He was of pure Junker origin of Scho¨nhausen. And he was not only a Hofpartei, a Conservative, and a millitarist but also a men of PreuBen fitst. ② The “Small German (Kleindeutschtum)” program meant Prussian domination of the non-Austrian Germanstates, and therefore became Bismarck's goal. ③ As Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871 to 1890, Bismarck became the leading statesman in all Europe. As a nineteenth-century realist with no dream of world-empire, he felt that his limited goals had been attained. ④ His 「Blood and Iron policy」, that is, unification policy by military force was the basis of his 「Realpolitik」. German unification in itself was achieved through three foreign wars (for six yeats) by Blood and Iron policy, moreover, the agitation for the liberalism was easily suppressed by military power. ⑤ Germany was unified by Bismarck as the result of “nationalism” completed in 1870's, and at the same time she emerged as a powerful nation in Europe. It is needless to say that this unification stood for the victory of the nationalism in the nineteenth century. ⑥ He also positively propelled the welfare of the working classes and carried out the more developed system of social security through 1880's. ⑦While th was Chancellor of the German Empire for 20 years, he constructed the system of multilateral alliance and entente as a distinguished mediator of many-sided opposition relations. and it contributed to the international order and the preservation of peace in Europe, so it was called “the Bismarckian System.” ⑧ It can be said that his formation of national country gave birth to “imperialism.” and because the empire he established became the source of the tragedy, it came to be the subject of discussion today again.

近代化의 苦悶과 將來

李景日 진주산업대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This paper examined various fields about The Agony and The Future of Modernization and it was summarized as follows. ① The process of modernization, which began in Italy in the fifteenth century and spread to most of the West over the following five hundred years, is now world-wide. Whether we describe this contemporary process as the “breaking down of tradition”or as the “revolution of rising expectation”, it is apparent that poeple demand and are experiencing change at a pace and of a magnitude for which there are few, if any, historical parallels. The achievements of man in the modern age provide unprecedented opportunities for human welfare and fulfillment, but they have also placed in the hands of man instruments of universal destruction. If only for their own preservation, men must sd아 a correct understanding of the modern age and support the values and institutions best suited to the interests and welfare of all mankind. ② The rapid emergence of the subject of future, it also explodes all our convential ideas about ending poverty on the planet. We need transnational food stockpiles and“hot spot”disasterrelief organizations. We need consortia and teams of nongovernmental organizations to attack various global problems. We must speed the construction of strong transnational agencies for governing outer space and the oceans. We shall have to overhaul the ossified, bureaucratic United Nations from the ground floor up. ③ Modernization is the central task of mankind and that one can foresee the time then highly technology will make possible an era of material abundance for all. The F¨uture of Modernization, must and will draw on an amazing variety of energy sources-hydrogen, solar, geothermal, tidal, lightning discharges, ultimately perhaps advanced fusion power, as well as other energy sources not yet imagined in the nowadays. ④ This new civilization, as it challenges the old, it could-with great intelligent help from us-turn out to be the first truly humane civilization in recorded history.

近代化의 比較硏究

李景日 진주산업대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This paper selectively dealt with Puerto Rico and Israel which appear peculiarly in the process of the modernization by quoting the theory of professor Cyril E.Black, an authority in the historical and comparative study of modernization, and synthetically examined the characteristic in connection with the modernization of our country was summarized as follows. ① The modernization of the the western world was endogenous and gradual, but that of Asia was exogenous and revolutionary. ② The phase of consolidation of modernizing leadership is as follows. In Puerto Rico it was achieved in the year of 1898∼1952, in Israel 1920∼1948, in Korea 1945∼1960, and from the very last year of this phase it entered into the phase of economic and social transformation. ③ Puerto Rico which belongs to the fourth pattern is the example of the newer states in the field of industry and Israel which belongs to the sixth pattern in the field of agriculture, and both countries show high economic growth and high national income per capita. Especially Israel is very instructive to us because it strengthened the basis of the semideveloped country, in spite of her high population increase rate and high national defense expenditure for fighting against the Arab League. On the other hand, our country belongs to the sixth pattern and accomplished a high economic growth, but lags behind Puerto Rico and Israel in the field of national income per capita. And so we should lay stress on independent economy and stabilized growth. Especially we should prepare a long-­term and effective counterplan against population increase. ④ It can be said that the three countries above achieved in the form of "adjusting a body to clothes" or "from the upside". Therefore modernization should be driven in individual and independent way suitable to the condition of one's own country in the light of the historical and social economic characteristic.

近代化의 和的 要因

李景日 진주산업대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

The growth of knowledge has exercised an essential influence upon te modernization. In fact, the intellectual development has been one of the greatest changes in modernization. In the west, the modern knowledge began to appear inthe 12th century-the era of Renaissance. And natural science began to accumulate its knowledge revolutionarily starting from the 16th century. Thus the scientific revolution changed the human knowledge rapidly. The rationalism adopted for the accumulation of knowledge constituted an important characteristic and mental attitude of moderniazion. Through the period from the 12th to the 19th century, the European countries monopolized the intellectual revolution. In this connection 'modernization'is often called'westernization'. Through the influence of intellectual revolution, practical matters of society came to adopt the academic method: technology came to be put to use for reproduction: and the value system also went through change. This paper examines the importance of innovation. Its focus is onthe influence of intellectual development and intelligentsia upon the political economical and cultural aspects, and on the influence of technological revolution upon the economic development. In conclusion the combination of science and technology has been the key to the development of human beings as well as to the European development.

英國農業革命에 關한 一考

李景日 진주산업대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The most important epoch-making affair in European modernization was the French revolution and the industrial revolution. The role f the agricultural revolution as a precondition of the industrial revolution is significant, and the brilliant industrial revolution would have been impossible without the agricultural revolution prior to it. The agricultural revolution, a historical premise in forming of the modern industrial society, has a meaningful sense as a role in the process of the social development and the economic modernization. The history of the agricultural revolution in England is very complicated and diverse. It was a process of a great transition in the agricultural structure and a remarkable innovation in the agricultural technic in five hundred years from the fifteenth century to the nineteenth century, and it was a course of nature that such agricultural change accompany or cause the change in the whole society. In many respects, the industrial revolution in England is slow-moving than fast in its characteristic. Here, what can we say about the contribution of the agricultural revolution to the process of industrialization or modernization? What role did agriculture play in the first industrial revolution? and what is the period and the characteristic in the agricultural revolution in England? All these problems are examined around the theory of P. Deane, H. J. Habakkuk, J. D. Chambers, G. E. Mingay, W. W. Rostow, M. M. Postan, T. S. Ashton, and the like.

18-19세기 초 英國의 政治的 近代化

李景日 진주산업대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

"Modernization" is a suggestive word full of various meanings. The process of modernization has been destructive as well as creative, increasing unprecedentedly the expectations of the moderns. And it is one of the most challenging problems to the moderns. Even in the most developed countries of the modern world, the process of modernization is still going on in some aspect of the society. Having its own traditional value and system, each country has revealed distinguished particularities in the process of modernization. But some common characteristics have also been observed, which makes it possible to discuss the modernization on the whole. The political leadership is important in the process of modernization. England has rightly understood and faithfully fulfilled the ideas and values of democracy. Its leaders were the middle-class elites(bourgeoisie). They considered the functions of political parties, the establishment of political leadership and the role of government and bureaucracy to be important. The 18th∼19th century England achieved innovations without going through revolutions. The reasons are that England at that time had such anti-revolutionists as political leaders, capitalists and Methodists, but no poor farmers, and that she had the reasonable institutions and systems and the parliamentary ability to solve problems rationally. The democratic and parliamentary institutions of England were models to the other European countries at that time.