췌장암에서 Cyclooxygenase - 2 발현의 역할

김은경,이용욱,이규택,최규완,박동일,백승운,이준행,이종균,고광철,이풍렬,이종철,김재준,김완선,공구 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests that the use of NSAID may reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. The likely mechanisms of these effects by NSAID is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-related inhibition of tumor proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The aim of our study was to examine possible roles and clinical significance of COX-2 expression in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Seventy-two pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained from surgical resection. After the immunohistochemical staining of the specimens, we examined proliferation activity (assayed by Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (by TUNEL stain), and microvessel density (by CD34 expression). We also investigated the relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and various clinicopathological characteristics. Results: The COX-2 positive rate in pancreatic epithelial cells was 41.7%. Proliferation index (PI) was significant higher in COX-2 positive specimens comparing to negative specimen (p=0.015) and the increase in intensity of COX-2 expression correlated with increasing PI (p=0.036). Apoptotic index (AI) was significantly higher in positivee COX-2 expression than in negative expression (p=0.044), but there was no significant difference in AI/PI between the COX-2 positive and negative specimens (p=0.44). The expression of COX-2 protein did not correlate with microvessel density, sex, age, differentiation, tumor size, stage, metastasis or patients survival. Conclusions: The expression of COX-2 enzyme in pancreatic cancer contributes to tumor proliferation, but is not related to apoptosis, angiogenesis or clinical characteristics. Further study is needed to examine the clinical usefulness of NSAID and COX-2 selective inhibitors.

새로운 한글 유산록 〈금강산졀긔 동유록〉의 작자와 작품 분석

구사회(Gu, Sa Whae),김영(Kim, Young) 동악어문학회 2017 동악어문학 Vol.73 No.-

〈금강산졀긔 동유록〉은 지금까지 학계에 알려지지 않았던 새로운 한글 유산록이다. 작자는 19세기 중기에 활동했던 승산(勝山) 김영근(金泳根, 1793~1873)이다. 그는 안동 김씨로 정묘호란 때에 척화대신으로 이름이 높았던 청음(淸陰) 김상헌(金尙憲, 1570~1652)의 9대손이고, 노론의 영수였던 김수항(金壽恒, 1629~1689)의 직계 후손이다. 〈금강산졀긔 동유록〉은 강원도 관찰사로 있던 작자가 1863년 음력 8월에 관할 고을을 순시한다는 명목과 함께 금강산을 다녀온 내용을 적은 것이다. 서술형태는 노정에 따라 날짜를 밝히고 내용을 기록한 일기체 유산록이다. 표현 방식은 주관적인 비유나 묘사를 피하고 대상을 객관적으로 서술하여 사실성을 중시하였다. 그래서 작자가 거쳤던 곳이나 유람한 내력이 일목요연하게 정리되어 있었다. 하지만 유람하면서 느꼈던 작자의 내면세계나 자연에 대한 감흥을 깊이 있게 담아내지 못하는 한계가 보인다. 〈금강산졀긔 동유록〉을 읽다 보면 다른 유산록에서 찾을 수 없는 특이점이 보인다. 대다수의 유산록에서는 작자가 산수 유람을 통해 심성을 연마하고 자연속에 내재된 이치를 탐구하면서 자신의 정신세계를 고양하고자 하는 태도를 보인다. 그런데 〈금강산졀긔 동유록〉에서는 그것보다는 안동 김씨인 자신의 조상과 가문에 대한 자부심을 곳곳에 쏟아내고 있었다. 지금까지 알려진 금강산 유람 기록은 100여 편이 넘고 대부분 한문으로 기록되어 있다. 반면에 국문으로 기록된 것은 10여 편에 지나지 않고 대개 19세기 말엽에서 20세기 전반기에 나왔다. 그리고 김영근 이전에 나온 한글 양식은 거의 가사 양식이었다. 그런 측면에서 보자면 김영근의 〈금강산졀긔 동유록〉은 앞선 시기에 나온 한글 유산록의 자료적 가치가 있다. 〈Geumgangsan-jyeolgwi Dongyurok〉is a new Korean record not widely known to the academic sector. The author is Kim,yeong Geun who was active in the mid-19th Century. He was from the Kim Family of Andong and a direct descent of Kim, Sang Hyeon. This record was written after he visited Mt. Geumgang in August 1863 of the lunar calendar as the governor of Gangwon-do Province. It was written as a diary under each date following the course of his trip. The expressions avoided subjective comparisons or depictions, but the objects were objectively described in realistic terms. Therefore, the places the author passed or visited are clearly listed. However, it does not reflect the author"s introversion or appreciation of nature. As you read 〈Geumgangsan-jyeolgwi Dongyurok〉, there are characteristics you cannot find in other records. Most of records alike reflect the author`s attitude to explore the laws of nature and enhance their spiritual world as they discipline themselves while traveling. However, 〈Geumgangsan-jyeolgwi Dongyurok〉 focuses on praising the author"s pride in the ancestors and reputation of the Kim Family of Andong. Most records of visits to Mt. Geumgang are written in Chinese letters and only 10 were written in Korean. Furthermore, most pieces before Kim, Yeong Geun were in the form of Gasa. In this respect, Kim"s record has value as a Korean work.

김은국의 『순교자』와 안정효의 『하얀전쟁』에 나타난 문화의 충돌과 치유

김일구 ( Il Gu Kim ) 한국영미문화학회 2012 영미문화 Vol.12 No.2

As the two most influential contemporary wars in Korean history, the Korean War and the Vietnam War not only caused heavy results in the participating nations but also revealed the dramatic conflicts of different religions and cultures in the violent confrontation. Among many English-written narratives related with these two wars, Richard Kim`s The Martyred and Junghyo Ahn`s White Badge are the most well-known and popular novels for Korean readers, which respectively delineate the Korean War and the Vietnam War with the emphasis of tragical and heuristic aspects of ideological warfares. In general, the war fiction contains two contrasting aspects of the artistic and the moral features. While Richard Kim`s novel mainly focuses on the total realities of the war by encouraging the objective and existential viewpoints, Junghyo Ahn`s novel faithfully follows the moralistically scathing satire on the war maintaining the constant strong stance of antiwar spirit. However, both novels have a lot in common in that the protagonist`s consciousness has dramatically changed into the humane or the susceptible by valuing life and peace above all violent causes after their bitter experiences of the war. The contrastive conclusion between the minister Shin`s heroic apotheosis and the private first class Byun`s suicidal bathos only confirms how important the community listeners` careful acceptance of the war victims` post-traumatic stress disorder is in healing the deep pain. Only when community`s sharings occur like the Greco-Roman tragic narratives` condolence rituals for the war victims, the violence and conflict caused by the confrontations of different religions and cultures can be healed as the wholesome community level, not as the individuals` struggles.

Redox-Dependent Spatially Resolved Electrochemistry at Graphene and Graphite Step Edges

Gü,ell, Aleix G.,Cuharuc, Anatolii S.,Kim, Yang-Rae,Zhang, Guohui,Tan, Sze-yin,Ebejer, Neil,Unwin, Patrick R. American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.4

<P>The electrochemical (EC) behavior of mechanically exfoliated graphene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is studied at high spatial resolution in aqueous solutions using Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+/2+</SUP> as a redox probe whose standard potential sits close to the intrinsic Fermi level of graphene and graphite. When scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) data are coupled with that from complementary techniques (AFM, micro-Raman) applied to the same sample area, different time-dependent EC activity between the basal planes and step edges is revealed. In contrast, other redox couples (ferrocene derivatives) whose potential is further removed from the intrinsic Fermi level of graphene and graphite show uniform and high activity (close to diffusion-control). Macroscopic voltammetric measurements in different environments reveal that the time-dependent behavior after HOPG cleavage, peculiar to Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+/2+</SUP>, is not associated particularly with any surface contaminants but is reasonably attributed to the spontaneous delamination of the HOPG with time to create partially coupled graphene layers, further supported by conductive AFM measurements. This process has a major impact on the density of states of graphene and graphite edges, particularly at the intrinsic Fermi level to which Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+/2+</SUP> is most sensitive. Through the use of an improved voltammetric mode of SECCM, we produce movies of potential-resolved and spatially resolved HOPG activity, revealing how enhanced activity at step edges is a subtle effect for Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+/2+</SUP>. These latter studies allow us to propose a microscopic model to interpret the EC response of graphene (basal plane and edges) and aged HOPG considering the nontrivial electronic band structure.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-4/acsnano.5b00550/production/images/medium/nn-2015-00550c_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn5b00550'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effect of Welding Time on Resistance Spot Weldability of Aluminum 5052 Alloy

Gu‑Cheol Kim,Insung Hwang,Munjin Kang,Dongcheol Kim,Hyunsung Park,김영민 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

In the study, the effect of welding time on resistance spot weldability of aluminum 5052-H32 alloy was analyzed throughsimulation and experiments. The resistance spot weldability was evaluated by measuring the tensile shear strength, nuggetsize, and hardness of welds with variations in the welding time. The simulated results of parameters such as tensile shearstrength and nugget size obtained using the SORPAS program were compared with the experimental results. Furthermore,a simulation was performed to calculate the temperature inside the weld nugget based on the distance from the center of thenugget. Hence, an optimum welding time to retain the required weld strength of the aluminum 5052-H32 alloy was obtained.

Layer-by-Layer Doping of Few-Layer Graphene Film

Gü,neş,, Fethullah,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Biswas, Chandan,Han, Gang Hee,Kim, Eun Sung,Chae, Seung Jin,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.8

<P>We propose a new method of layer-by-layer (LbL) doping of thin graphene films. Large area monolayer graphene was synthesized on Cu foil by using the chemical vapor deposition method. Each layer was transferred on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate followed by a salt-solution casting, where the whole process was repeated several times to get LbL-doped thin layers. With this method, sheet resistance was significantly decreased up to ∼80% with little sacrifice in transmittance. Unlike samples fabricated by topmost layer doping, our sample shows better environmental stability due to the presence of dominant neutral Au atoms on the surface which was confirmed by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sheet resistance of the LbL-doped four-layer graphene (11 × 11 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was 54 Ω/sq at 85% transmittance, which meets the technical target for industrial applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-8/nn1008808/production/images/medium/nn-2010-008808_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn1008808'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

협동학습 모형에 근거한 숲 체험 활동에서의 유아리더십 효과 분석

유구종 ( Gu Jong Yoo ),김소리 ( So Ri Kim ),김은아 ( Eun Ah Kim ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2016 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 유아의 리더십 증진 방안의 일환으로 협동학습 모형에 근거한 숲 체험활동이 3-5세유아의 리더십을 증진시킬 수 있을 것이라는 가정을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 본 만 3,4세 유아 15명에게 협동학습 모형에 근거한 숲 체험 활동을 적용하였고, 비교집단 만 3, 4세 유아 15명에게는 3-5세 누리과정에 기초한 자유선택활동을 적용하였다. 또한 유아의 리더십을 측정하기 위하여 김경현(2007)의 AF분석법과 리더십 구성요소를 사용하였으며, 총 16주간 실험처치와 더불어 3회기에 걸쳐 반복측정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 협동학습 모형에 근거한 숲 체험활동 집단과3-5세 누리과정에 기초한 자유선택활동 집단 간 처치회기에 따른 유아 리더십은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 협동학습 모형에 근거한 숲 체험활동 집단과 3-5세 누리과정에 기초한 자유선택활동 집단 간 처치회기에 따른 유아 리더십의 하위요인 간에도 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 협동학습 모형에 근거한 숲 체험활동이 유아의 리더십과 하위요소에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것이 입증되었다. As an effort to promote young children’s leadership, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis ‘forest experience activities based on a cooperative learning model will enhance young children’s leadership’ by comparing them with play-centered integrated education activities. The subjects of this study were 15 three or four-year-old children for whom cooperative learning model based on a forest experience activities were applied, and 15 three or four-year-old children attending to whom free choice activities were applied. The children’s leadership was measured with Gyeong-Hyeon Kim’s AF analysis and leadership components. In order to analyze young children’s leadership behaviors based on the forest experience activities and play centered integrated education activities, the experimental treatment was done for 16 weeks’ experimental treatment was used. The results of this study for each research question are as follows. First, young children’s leadership during the treatment sessions was statistically significantly different between the cooperative learning model forest experience activity group and the free choice activity group. That is, young children’s leadership level was higher in the cooperative learning model forest experience activity group than in the free choice activity group. Second, a statistically significant difference was observed also in the sub-factors of leadership during the treatment sessions between the cooperative learning model forest experience activity group and the free choice activity group. In conclusion, it was proved shown in this study that ‘forest experience activities based on a cooperative learning model have a significant effect on young children’s leadership. The educational implication of this finding is that young children’s leadership may be enhanced through forest experience based on a cooperative learning model.

Introduction and application of a composite insect trap for the National Ecosystem Survey of Korea

Han Yong‐Gu,Hong Eui jeong,Kim Do‐Sung,Kim Chulgoo,Cha Jin Yeol 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.10

This study aimed to establish the best applicable method for the National Ecosystem Survey (NES) guidelines by (i) verifying the efficiency of an insect trap that combined the Malaise trap, flight intercept trap, and pitfall trap (MFP trap) as part of the improvement for the terrestrial insect field in the fifth NES, and (ii) comparing the result with the currently used Malaise trap and pitfall trap (MP traps). We found that the efficiency of attaining species diversity was much higher with the added flight intercept trap function than the current Malaise trap alone for flying insect collection. For collecting ground insects, the efficiency of attaining species diversity of the pitfall trap from the MFP trap was lower than that from the MP trap. Besides, the Malaise trap of the MP trap showed superior efficiency than that of the MFP trap in species diversity. The results suggested that modification, supplementation, and re‐testing should be performed by analyzing various factors such as the trap material, barrier size, capturing container inlet, and mesh size, with consideration of the design of the current Malaise trap. Therefore, in survey‐based research, which aims at identifying insects species diversity and inhabiting status—such as the NES, it is necessary to introduce the MFP trap with the flight intercept trap function added to the Malaise trap function, and for the pitfall trap function of the MFP trap, it can be operated as a separate trap from the MFP trap.

‘세계대공황’과 마르크스주의 위기론

김성구(Seong-Gu Kim) 경상대학교 사회과학연구원(마르크스주의 연구) 2011 마르크스주의 연구 Vol.8 No.3

저자는 『세계대공황』에서 이번 금융위기를 ‘세계대공황’으로 규정하고, 신자유주의 금융위기의 전개와 구조 그리고 그 결과에 대한 뛰어난 마르크스주의적 분석을 제공한다. 그러나 다른 한편 저자는 자본주의의 주기적 공황과 구조위기를 차별하지 못하고 자본주의 공황의 원리론과 현대자본주의론을 매개하지 못함으로써 2007-2009년 위기의 중층적 성격을 파악하는 데 한계를 드러낸다. 이른바 세계대공황이 주기적 공황인지 아니면 구조위기인지, 또 세계대공황의 원인이 무엇인지 이론적으로 일관되게 설명하지 못하는 것은 이런 한계 때문이다. Soo-Haeng Kim’s new book World’s Great Crash (2011) offers an outstanding Marxist explanation of the 2007/2009 financial crisis, especially of the devastating effect of financial innovation and derivatives in housing finance. However, it also shows some theoretical weakness in understanding the twofold character of this crisis as both cyclical and structural crisis, and basing the analysis of today’s crises on Marx’s crisis theory as well as the theory of contemporary capitalism. It is due to this weakness that the author cannot be theoretically consistent in explaining the so-called world’s great crashes and the causes of them.

위전절제술 후 Kim 's Tie 부근 공장에 국소 재발한 위암환자 1예

배병구,서병조,유항종,강윤경,김진복,Bae Byung-Gu,Suh Byoung-Jo,Yu Hang-Jong,Kang Yun-Kyung,Kim Jin-Pok 대한위암학회 2005 대한위암학회지 Vol.5 No.1

위암은 국내에서 발생 빈도가 가장 높은 암으로서 근치적 절제술 및 확대 영역 림프절 절제술의 도입과 더불어 술후 보조 항암화학요법 및 면역요법 등의 이용으로 최근 치료성적의 향상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 수술적 치료를 포함한 치료법의 발전에도 불구하고 다양한 형태의 재발을 경험하게 되고, 대부분의 재발은 3년 이내에 일어난다. 재발양상으로는 크게 국소재발, 원격재발, 복막재발 등이 있으며, 여러 가지 재발양상이 한꺼번에 보이는 경우도 있다. 이 중 국소재발의 호발 부위로는 림프절($48\%$), 문합부($32\%$, 잔존 위($20\%$)의 순으로 보고되고 있다. 증례: 51세의 여자 환자로 1999년 10월 진행성 위암으로 근치적 위전절제술을 시행 받았고, 당시 병기는 T3N1M0(IIIa,AJCC 1997)이었다. 수술 후 10회의 보조적 정맥 주사용 항암화학요법 및 경구용 항암화학요법을 2년간 실시하였고, 외래를 통한 추적검사상 약 5년간 재발을 보이지 않았으나 2004년 9월 시행한 내시경상 Kim's tie 부근공장에서 궤양성 병변을 발견하고 조직검사를 시행, 병리학적으로 낮은 분화도를 보이는 인환 세포암종 형태의 위선암 재발로 진단하고 수술을 시행하였다. 수술 방법은 Kim's tie 위치를 포함해 근위부 6.5 cm, 원위부 4 cm의 절제연을 두고 공장부분 절제술을 시행하였다. 수술 당시 다른 복부장기로 전이는 없었으며 전이성 복수도 없었다. 수술 후 별다른 합병증 없이 회복하였으며 보조 항암화학요법 제제로써 TS-1을 사용하며 외래 통한 추적검사 중이다. Despite improvements in the surgical treatment of gastric adenocarcinomas, the recurrence rates remain high in patients with advanced-stage disease. Most of the recurrence occurs within 3 years of the surgical resection, and nearly $90\%$ of the patients with recurrence die within 2 years of the diagnosis of recurrence. A recent study analyzed recurrence patterns for patients who had undergone a potentially curative gastrectomy. For those patients, $33\%$ of the recurrences involved locoregional sites, $44\%$ the peritoneum, and $38\%$ distant sites. A 51-year-old female patient was diagnosed with stomach cancer and underwent a total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection during Oct. 1999. The pathologic report indicated a T3N1M0 tumor. We performed immunochemotherapy for 2 years with regular follow up. A gastrofiberscopic examination done during sep. 2004, cancer recurrence was found at the Kim's tie site of the jejunual loop. We did an abdominal exploration and a segmental resection of cancer site with pathologically negative resection margins. After the operation, we started secondary chemotherapy with TS-1.