Formation and Development of Ethnic entrepreneurship of Koryo saram in Kazakhstan

German N. Kim 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2009 International Area Studies Review Vol.12 No.1

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of sovereign states opened a new page in the history of the "Koryo saram". Opposite to other ethnic minorities, that have chosen the strategy of leaving the former Soviet Central Asian Republics, the Koreans have stayed but they are again being forced to adapt and this time to the nationalizing states. The Korean Immigrant communities living scattered over the world are demonstrating one specific feature-their special ability to adapt themselves in the host countries. Koryo saram are, in this sense, a remarkable case. The first generation of Koryo saram tried as fast as possible to settle down on the land of the tsarist empire and later of the Soviet Russia. The second generation did not have time to taste the first fruits of their labor in the new lands. They were forced to repeat the mission of the previous generation, that is, to adapt after the Deportation of 1937 to the conditions in a new land, namely Central Asia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 the third generation also turned out to be pioneering because they were forced to adapt to the new sovereign states of the post-Soviet area.

Korean Theater in Kazakhstan as a Cultural Hub of the Diaspora

German N. KIM,Youngsarm HWANG The Academy of Korean Studies 2019 Korea Journal Vol.59 No.2

한인의 러시아 극동지역 이주와 정착

김게르만 ( Kim German N ) 한국민족운동사학회 2005 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.42 No.-

Based on the extensive historical sources and first of all on the statistical data, the article examines the history of migration of Koreans to the Russian Far East. Originally the Korean peasants migrated to the borderline territories of the Russian Far East and Manchuria where inhabitants of the Korean peninsular had had a long history of land cultivation. In the Russian Maritime provinces and neighboring regions the Korean settlers of the period under consideration appeared in the first half of 60-ies of the XIX century. The pre-revolutionary immigration to Russia underwent three stages in its development: 1863~1884; 1884~1905; 1905~1917, each of them was characterized by different volume, speed and character of migration and also by the policy of the tsarist Russia regarding the influx of the Korean migrants.

카자흐스탄 韓人社會의 民俗과 文化

김게르만(German N. Kim) 한국역사민속학회 1994 역사민속학 Vol.- No.4

알마티시 고려인들의 민족간 결혼 문제

김 게르만(German N. Kim) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2001 역사문화연구 Vol.14 No.-

The article studies various aspects of inter-ethnic marriages among Koreans in KazakhstanCthe city of Almaty) in the 90s. The choice of the city under study has been defined by its multinational population and the fact that every fifth of a hundred thousand Koreans lives here. The analysis of such issues as dependence of the frequency of inter-ethnic marriages on education . social status. sex . age: criteria of choosing a future partner: stability of a nationally-mixed family etc. has been done on the basis of two sources. The first selection from official records of acts of marriage. the second - materi als of a questionnaire. The article notes that t he number of Korean-mixed marriages has been ri sing for the last ten years. and their influence on the social-cultural development of the Korean diaspora has been increasing. The behavior and attitude of the younger generation of Koreans to inter-ethnic marriages is changing and by many parameters it is different from their parents stand. In future inter-ethnic marriages and nationally-mixed families will occupy even a more important place in the lives of Kazakhstan Koreans.

Синханчхон - прототип ≪кориатауна≫ в России

ГерманН.Ким ( German N. Kim ) 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 2017 슬라브연구 Vol.33 No.4

러시아 극동지역이나 소비에트 중앙아시아 지역에서 형성된 한인 정착촌의 기원에 관한 문제는 디아스포라 연구에서 중요한 것임에도 특별한 분석의 주제가 되지 못했다. 지금까지 ‘한인 집단농장’이나 ‘우쉬토베는 고려인들의 수도’ 그리고 ‘쿠일륙은 고려인 바자르(타슈켄트)’와 같은 말들이 일상적인 언어에서 많이 사용되었는데, 이는 한인들이 밀집해서 거주하고 있던 특별한 성격을 말해주는 것이다. 이러한 양상은 경제학, 민족학, 역사학, 건축학 등 두 가지 연관된 학문분야에서 바라보는 관점에서 비롯된다. 극동에서 한인 정착민들은 수십 개의 마을을 건설하여 고국과도 같은 생활을 영위하고자 했다. 그러나 두 곳의 한인 마을은 한인들이 러시아인, 코사크인들과의 더 많은 교류가 있었다는 점에서 다른 마을들과 달랐던 점이 있었다. 하나는 아무르 강변의 상류지대에 형성되어 러시아 당국의 보호를 받았던 축복받은 곳이었다. 다른 하나는 블라디보스토크의 신한촌이었는데 여기는 도시화된 환경의 ‘접촉 지대’였고 바로 코리아타운의 - 한인들이 밀집해서 거주하던 - 전형이었다. 신한촌의 역사는 1870년대 말에 시작된 역사를 배경으로 1937년에 종식되지만 많은 부분들이 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 이를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. The origin of the settlement structures of the Koreans in the Russian Far East or in Soviet Central Asia has not yet been the subject of a special analysis, although this topic is undoubtedly an actual scientific interest in the study of the diaspora. So far, such expressions as “Korean collective farms”, “Ushtobe - the capital of Koreans”, “Kuiluk - Korean bazaar” (Tashkent) have been used in colloquial speech, and this suggests that there is a certain specificity in the character of Koreans living in different types of populated points. This aspect can be explored from the standpoint of economics, ethnography, history, architecture, and also at the junction of two or more related sciences. In the Far East, Korean settlers founded dozens of villages, where life lasted like Korea for a long time. However, the two Korean settlements differed from the others in that they represented a “contact zone” in which there was much more intensive communication between the Russian, Cossack population and Korean immigrants. One settlement is a unique village of the blessed, founded in the upper reaches of the Amur River, evicted by the tsarist authorities by seaside Koreans. The second is the new Korean settlement of Shinhanchon in Vladivostok, which can be considered as a “contact zone” in an urbanized environment and as a prototype of a “Korea-town” - an urban area in which Koreans live compactly. History of Shinhanchon, given the background of its formation began in the late 1870s and ended with the deportation of Koreans in 1937, that is, it lasted almost half a century, but many of its pages remained unrevealed.

IN LIEU OF INTRODUCTION. KOREAN STUDIES IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE SOVIET ERA

김 게르만(German N. Kim) 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2016 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국내학술회의 Vol.2016 No.12

КАЗАХСТАНСКО-КОРЕЙСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ И ПУБЛИЧНАЯ ДИПЛОМАТИЯ КОРЕИ

профессор Ким Герман Н.(German N. Kim) 서울행정학회 2012 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.7

An Analysis of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Its Prospects

Cho,Eun-Jeong,Kim,German N 고려대학교 러시아 CIS연구소 2012 Acta Russiana Vol.4 No.-

В 2012-ом году Республика Корея и Республика Казахстан отмечают 20- летие установления дипломатических отношений. В данной статьи рассматривается, какие внешние и внутренние детерминанты оказывали решающие влияние на создание, применение и дополнение внешней политики Республики Корея в отношений Казахстана с того момента, когда обе страны установили дипломатических отношений. Теория процесса принятия решений внешней политики, которая развивалась в основном в рамках послевоенной американской политологии с середины 20 века, показывает, что в отличии от традиции "реалистической" теории в современном мире "разные" факторы через "сложный и многослойный" процесс оказывают влияние на создание и применение дипломатической политики, и её результаты имеют обратную связь и принимаются во внимание в последующем потоке деятельности. В течение 20 лет дипло-матических связей южнокорейско казахстанские отношения развивались через три периода. Это во-первых, период образования отношений с момента установления дипломатических отношений в начале 90-ых годов до азиатского финансового кризиса в конце 90-х годов, во-вторых, период развития связей на основе экономического и ресурсного сотрудничества с начала 2000-ых годов до прихода к власти нынешней администрации в 2007 году и, в-третьих, период диверсификации отношений не только в экономическом, но и в политическом, культурном, социальном секторах с прихода к власти нынешней администрации Ли Мён Бака в 2008 году до сегодняшнего дня. В данной статьи рассматривается, какие именно внешние и внутренние факторы во вышеуказанных 3 периодах сыграли главную роль во принятии дипломатического курса Республики Корея в отношении Казахстана и намечаются, какие особенности существуют в Южнокорейско-Казахстанских отношениях во время развития дипломатических отношений обеих стран.