The History, Culture and Language of Koryŏ Saram

( Kim¸ German ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 1993 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.6 No.-

A Pilot Study of Percutaneous Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Sequestrectomy: A Modern Strategy to Tackle Medically-Refractory Radiculopathies and Restore Spinal Function

Stefano Maria Priola,Mario Ganau,Giovanni Raffa,Antonino Scibilia,Faisal Farrash,Antonino Germanò 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.1

Objective: Angled scopes allow 360° visualization, which makes percutaneous endoscopic techniques (percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PELD) particularly attractive for sequestrectomies, which entail the removal of extruded lumbar disc fragments that have migrated caudally or cranially between the ligaments, foramina, and neural structures, while preserving the disc. Although many different PELD techniques are currently available, not all of them are suitable for sequestrectomies; furthermore, long-term follow-up data are unfortunately lacking. Methods: A pilot study was conducted on a cohort of 270 patients with lumbar radiculopathy undergoing minimally invasive spine surgery (PELD or microdiscectomy), of whom only 7 were eligible for endoscopic interlaminar sequestrectomy with disc preservation. The patients’ baseline conditions and clinical outcomes were measured with the Oswestry Disability Index and a visual analogue scale. Long-term follow-up was conducted using satisfaction questionnaires that were based on the MacNab criteria and administered by medical/nursing personnel not involved in their primary surgical management. Results: EasyGo system was eventually used in 5 PELD cases. No dural tears, infections, or nerve root injuries were recorded in patients undergoing sequestrectomy. Surgical events, including blood loss and overall length of hospital stay, did not differ significantly among the 270 patients. In the group treated with endoscopic sequestrectomy, no recurrences or complications were noted during a follow-up of 3 years, and an excellent degree of satisfaction was reported. Conclusion: We provide OCEBM (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) level 3 evidence that interlaminar endoscopic sequestrectomy is a tailored and well-tolerated surgical option; nonetheless, a cost-effectiveness analysis assessing the interval until return to working activities and long-term benefits is warranted.

Migration vs. Repatriation to South Korea in the Past and Present

( German Kim ) 대한민국역사박물관 2017 Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies Vol.4 No.1

South Korea achieved an economic miracle in the last third of the twentieth century and has evolved from a kin state into a host state of international migration. Repatriation of compatriots in the Republic of Korea, as a type of international migration, has its specific characteristics because there is another country―North Korea―which was also involved in cross-border population movements. Based on the growing number of migrants, including chosonjok from China, koryoin from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, primarily Russia and Uzbekistan, and thalbukja, refugees from North Korea, and the reverse migration of overseas Koreans from the United States and other Western countries, the main agenda is repatriation legal support and effective programming for integration into mainstream South Korean society. Repatriates may affect the stability and development of South Korea in the twenty-first century. An investigation of the basic stages of repatriation, of its constituent elements, the problems encountered in the adaptation of immigrants in the modern Republic of Korea, assumes knowledge and consideration of the migrant`s experience, reception, and understanding of national repatriation programs. This article is an attempt toward comparative diachronic and synchronic analysis of Korean repatriation as a type of international migration.

DIASPORA VS IRREDENTA IN THE POST SOVIET СENTRAL ASIA

German Kim 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2016 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국제학술회의 Vol.2016 No.5

The collapse of the Soviet Union, the emergence of new sovereign states, the fragmentation of the single in the former time ethnic groups inhabiting a common country, the renaissance of ethnic identity, change by great part of Soviet peoples of their citizenship and loyalty to the newly established states, and so forth, became the reasons for the boom in the use of the word "Diaspora". Moreover, the Diaspora discourse went beyond the academic sphere, since it is not the term, but the word "Diaspora" that has been widely used throughout the media, culture, NGOs and in everyday life. Often some ethnic minority is called Diaspora actually not being it. In my opinion, this dissonance has occurred because Diaspora is not distinguished from other ethnic groups. Frequently ethnic Diasporas have been put in one row along with immigrant communities. In some cases an ethnic community is perceived as a Diaspora, though it is actually an Irredenta, which is on the one hand, different from the former, and on the other - has similarities with it. The fundamental difference between Irredenta and Diaspora lies in dissimilar attitude to the residing area, the first one pretends to be aborigine and the latter has a kin state from where their ancestors migrated to the host country. Many scholars understand irredentism as an attempt by a sovereign state to incorporate the territories of ethnically related populations in neighboring countries. Yet there are disagreements on how exactly to define irredentism. In the case of ethno-territorial cross-border conflicts, irredentist and secessionist movements often coincide. The purpose of my presentation is threefold: firstly, to define the basic concepts of Diaspora and Irrendenta, to show typological similarities and differences between two ethnic groups living outside their historical homeland. Secondly, to use chronotopical method which takes into account not only territorial but also the temporal dimensions of the Diaspora and Irredenta as different, but in many ways similar spatio-temporal models. Thirdly, to give examples of Irrendentism trends in the post-Soviet Central Asia showing how territorial disputes can cause bloody ethnic conflicts in the border areas.

The Gravity Effect on Critical Volume Fraction of Solid in Liquid Phase Sintering

German,R.M,Heaney,D.F,Ahn,I.S 국립 경상대학교 공과대학 부설 첨단소재연구소 1993 尖端素材 Vol.3 No.-

액상소결에 미치는 중력의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 고상과 액상의 밀도차이가 0에서 9g/cc의 범위를 갖는 2원계 및 3원계 합금에서 실험을 행하였다. 고체분율이 0.3이 되도록하여 액상중에서 고체입자들이 자유낙하하도록 조성을 선택하였다. 체적분율을 고상과 액상의 밀도차에 따라 상이한 침전된 고체입자의 한계치를 갖는다. 이와 같은 체적분율의 상이한 한계치를 가져오는 기구 즉 hot pressing효과, 입자간 결합효과 및 입자충진효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험결과 입자충진효과가 최후로 침전되는 영역의 체적분율변화에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 인자인 것으로 생각되며, 완전히 침전된 영역의 고체입자들의 체적분율은 계산치보다 실측치가 더 낮은 값을 보여주었는데 이는 침전된 입자간의 안정한 골격체 형성이 더 이상의 입자충진을 방해하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

De la descentralización al centralismo en los procesos electorales

German Perez Fernandez del Cas,Pablo Armando Gonzalez Ulloa A 한국라틴아메리카학회 2011 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.24 No.2

Since the beginning of Mexico’s independence, the states have pressed for decentralization such that federalization has been necessary to contain the unrest of some territories standing against the formation of the Congress which became the bearer of national sovereignty after Iturbide's abdication in 1823. Irrespective of what one means by federalization, in the field of electoral politics it is a real phenomenon which manifests the contradictory tendencies of federalization and of the official, traditional federalist discourse in the country. Following upon these contradictory tendencies, the configuration of the Mexican electoral system has undergone various transformations, through the passing of laws and constitutional reforms that have gradually led to a centralization of the electoral process. The Electoral Act of 1946 initiated the construction of this centralization upon the stipulation that municipalities relinquish all powers relating to the organization of municipal and federal elections. Then tendency toward centralization was later reinforced when the Federal Electoral Tribunal of Judiciary Power of the Federation was established and endowed with the right to intervene in the state and municipal elections. Finally, a recently held electoral reform has a series of centralized attributes that give new powers to the Federal Electoral Institute.

Design rules for creating sensing and self-actuating microcapsules

German V. Kolmakov,Anna C. Balazs,Victor V. Yashin 국제구조공학회 2011 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.7 No.3

Using computational modeling, we design a pair of biomimetic microcapsules that exploit chemical mechanisms to communicate and alter their local environment. As a result, these synthetic objects can undergo autonomous, directed motion. In the simulations, signaling microcapsules release “agonist” particles, while target microcapsules release “antagonist” particles and the permeabilities of both capsule types depend on the local particle concentration in the surrounding solution. Additionally, the released nanoscopic particles can bind to the underlying substrate and thereby create adhesion gradients that propel the microcapsules to move. Hydrodynamic interactions and the feedback mechanism provided by the dissolved particles are both necessary to achieve the cooperative behavior exhibited by these microcapsules. Our model provides a platform for integrating both the spatial and temporal behavior of assemblies of “artificial cells”,and allows us to design a rich variety of structures capable of exhibiting complex dynamics. Due to the celllike attributes of polymeric microcapsules and polymersomes, material systems are available for realizing our predictions.

Formation and Development of Ethnic entrepreneurship of Koryo saram in Kazakhstan

German N. Kim 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2009 International Area Studies Review Vol.12 No.1

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of sovereign states opened a new page in the history of the "Koryo saram". Opposite to other ethnic minorities, that have chosen the strategy of leaving the former Soviet Central Asian Republics, the Koreans have stayed but they are again being forced to adapt and this time to the nationalizing states. The Korean Immigrant communities living scattered over the world are demonstrating one specific feature-their special ability to adapt themselves in the host countries. Koryo saram are, in this sense, a remarkable case. The first generation of Koryo saram tried as fast as possible to settle down on the land of the tsarist empire and later of the Soviet Russia. The second generation did not have time to taste the first fruits of their labor in the new lands. They were forced to repeat the mission of the previous generation, that is, to adapt after the Deportation of 1937 to the conditions in a new land, namely Central Asia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 the third generation also turned out to be pioneering because they were forced to adapt to the new sovereign states of the post-Soviet area.

Movimientos Sociales y Reformas Electorales

German Perez Fernandez del Cas(헤르만 페레스 페르난데스 델 카스티요) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2009 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.22 No.2

The Divide between New and Old Regionalisms : An Analytical Framework

German A. de la Reza(헤르만 A. 데 라 레사) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2010 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.23 No.2

This paper seeks to establish a comparative framework for defining the new regionalism vis-a-vis the old strategy of integration in Latin America. With that end, it applies six levels of analysis: the conceptual background; the criteria of association; the economic model in force; WTO compliance; the preeminence of free trade areas; and institutional relapsing. The objective is to build up more-comprehensive elements for an analytical agenda.