Distally-extending muscle fibers across involved joints: study of long muscles and tendons of wrist and ankle in late-term fetuses and adult cadavers

Shaohe Wang(Shaohe Wang),Shogo Hayashi(Shogo Hayashi ),Zhe-Wu Jin(Zhe-Wu Jin),Ji Hyun Kim(Ji Hyun Kim),Masahito Yamamoto(Masahito Yamamoto ),Gen Murakami(Gen Murakami ),Shinichi Abe(Shinichi Abe ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

It is unclear whether forearm and crural muscle fibers extend distally across the wrist and ankle joints, respectively. We hypothesized, in late-term fetuses, an over-production of muscle bellies extending over the joint. Muscle fibers in histological sections from unilateral wrists and ankles of 16 late-term fetuses (30–40 weeks) were examined and compared with 15 adult cadavers. Muscle fibers of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in fetuses, especially muscle bellies to the third and fourth fingers, were found to extend far distally beyond the radiocarpal joint. The extensor digitorum and extensor pollicis longus on the extensor side of the wrist were found to carry distally-extending muscle fibers, but these fibers did not extend beyond the distal end of the radius. In the ankle, most muscle bundles in the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), fibularis brevis (FB) and extensor digitorum longus extended distally beyond the talocrural joint, with most FB muscle fibers reaching the level of the talocalcaneal joint. In adult cadavers, muscle fibers of the FDP and FHL did not reach the levels of the radiocarpal and talocrural joints, respectively, whereas the FB muscle belly always reached the talocalcaneal joint. Similarly, some of the FDS reached the level of the radiocarpal joint. Generally, infants’ movements at the wrist and ankle could result in friction injury to over-extended muscle. However, the calcaneal and FDP tendons might protect the FB and FDS tendons, respectively, from friction stress.

Assessment of alexithymia in eating disorder patients using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)

Gen Komaki,Tatsuyuki Arimura,Yoshiaki Matsumoto,Shuji Murakami,Keisuke Kawai,Masato Takii,Takehiro Nozaki,Chiharu Kubo 대한스트레스학회 1999 스트레스硏究 Vol.7 No.1

A Case Study of Human Resource Allocation for Effective Hotel Management

Kayoko Murakami,Seren Ozmehmet Tasan,Mitsuo Gen,Takashi Oyabu 대한산업공학회 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to optimally allocate the human resources to tasks while minimizing the total daily human resource costs and smoothing the human resource usage. The human resource allocation problem (hRAP) under consideration contains two kinds of special constraints, i.e. operational precedence and skill constraints in addition to the ordinary constraints. To deal with the multiple objectives and the special constraints, first we designed this hRAP as a network problem and then proposed a Pareto multistage decision-based genetic algorithm (P-mdGA). During the evolutionary process of P-mdGA, a Pareto evaluation procedure called generalized Pareto-based scale-independent fitness function approach is used to evaluate the solutions. Additionally, in order to improve the performance of P-mdGA, we use fuzzy logic controller for fine-tuning of genetic parameters. Finally, in order to demonstrate the applicability and to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, P-mdGA is applied to solve a case study in a hotel, where the managers usually need helpful automatic support for effectively allocating hotel staff to hotel tasks.

Nerve distribution in myocardium including the atrial and ventricular septa in late stage human fetuses

조광호,Ji Hyun Kim,Gen Murakami,Hiroshi Abe,José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez,Ok Hee Chai 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1

Few information had been reported on deep intracardiac nerves in the myocardium of late human fetuses such as nerves at the atrial-pulmonary vein junction and in the atrial and ventricular septa. We examined histological sections of the heart obtained from 12 human fetuses at 25–33 weeks. A high density of intracardiac nerves was evident around the mitral valve annulus in contrast to few nerves around the tricuspid annulus. To the crux at the atrioventricular sulcus, the degenerating left common cardinal vein brought abundant nerve bundles coming from cardiac nerves descending along the anterior aspect of the pulmonary trunk. Likewise, nerve bundles in the left atrial nerve fold came from cardiac nerves between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. Conversely, another nerves from the venous pole to the atrium seemed to be much limited in number. Moreover, the primary atrial septum contained much fewer nerves than the secondary septum. Therefore, nerve density in the atrial wall varied considerably between sites. As ventricular muscles were degenerated from the luminal side for sculpturing of papillary muscles and trabeculae, deep nerves became exposed to the ventricular endothelium. Likewise, as pectineal muscles were sculptured, nerves were exposed in the atrial endothelium. Consequently, a myocardial assembly or sculpture seemed to be associated with degeneration and reconstruction of early-developed nerves. A failure in reconstruction during further expansion of the left atrium might be connected with an individual variation in anatomical substrates of atrial fibrillation.

Ulnar nerve strain during throwing motion and ulnar nerve transfer which is suitable for throwing motion

Mitsuhiro Aoki,Eiichi Uchiyama,Gen Murakami,Toshihiko Yamashita 대한견주관절의학회 2006 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.5

Reconsideration of the Autonomic Cranial Ganglia: An Immunohistochemical Study of Mid‐Term Human Fetuses

Kiyokawa, Hiromichi,Katori, Yukio,Cho, Kwang Ho,Murakami, Gen,Kawase, Tetsuaki,Cho, Baik Hwan Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 The anatomical record Vol.295 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The cranial parasympathetic ganglia have been reported to paradoxically contain the sympathetic nerve marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in addition to neurons expressing parasympathetic markers such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). However, the distribution of these molecules in the cranial ganglia of human fetuses has not yet been examined. Using paraffin sections from 10 mid‐term human fetuses (12–15 weeks), we performed immunohistochemistry for TH, VIP, and nNOS in the parasympathetic ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, and submandibular ganglia, and for comparison, the sensory inferior vagal ganglion. The ciliary and submandibular ganglia contained abundant TH‐positive neurons. In the former, TH‐positive neurons were much more numerous than nNOS‐positive neurons, whereas in the latter, nNOS immunoreactivity was extremely strong. No or a few cells in the pterygopalatine, otic, and inferior vagal ganglia expressed TH. Ciliary TH neurons appeared to compensate for classically described sympathetic fibers arising from the superior cervical ganglion, whereas in the submandibular ganglion, nNOS‐positive neurons as well as TH neurons might innervate the lingual artery in addition to the salivary glands. Significant individual variations in the density of all these markers suggested differences in sensitivity to medicine affecting autonomic nerve function. Consequently, in the human cranial autonomic ganglia, it appears that there is no simple dichotomy between sympathetic and parasympathetic function. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

Ganglion cardiacum or juxtaductal body of human fetuses

김지현,조광호,Zhe Wu Jin,Gen Murakami,Hiroshi Abe,채옥희 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.4

The ganglion cardiacum or juxtaductal body is situated along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in the aortic window and is an extremely large component of the cardiac nerve plexus. This study was performed to describe the morphologies of the ganglion cardiacum or juxtaductal body in human fetuses and to compare characteristics with intracardiac ganglion. Ganglia were immunostained in specimens from five fetuses of gestational age 12–16 weeks and seven fetuses of gestational age 28–34 weeks. Many ganglion cells in the ganglia were positive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; sympathetic nerve marker) and chromogranin A, while a few neurons were positive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS; parasympathetic nerve marker) or calretinin. Another ganglion at the base of the ascending aorta carried almost the same neuronal populations, whereas a ganglion along the left common cardinal vein contained neurons positive for chromogranin A and NOS but no or few TH-positive neurons, suggesting a site-dependent difference in composite neurons. Mixtures of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons within a single ganglion are consistent with the morphology of the cranial base and pelvic ganglia. Most of the intracardiac neurons are likely to have a non-adrenergic non-cholinergic phenotype, whereas fewer neurons have a dual cholinergic/noradrenergic phenotype. However, there was no evidence showing that chromogranin A‒ and/or calretinin-positive cardiac neurons corresponded to these specific phenotypes. The present study suggested that the ganglion cardiacum was composed of a mixture of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, which were characterized the site-dependent differences in and near the heart.

Innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands in elderly donated cadavers: a preliminary histological study of differences in nerve morphology between mucous and serous acini

Sachiko Asakawa,Masahito Yamamoto,Yukio Katori,Gen Murakami,Masaaki Kasahara,Satoru Matsunaga,Shin-ichi Abe 대한해부학회 2015 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.48 No.1

We examined morphological differences between the sublingual and submandibular glands with special reference to their innervation. The sublingual gland contained abundant periodic acid Schiff-positive mucous acini: some lobules were composed of purely mucous acini, while others were purely serous or mixed. However, in the submandibular gland, the area of mucous acini was very limited. Notably, in the sublingual gland, immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase demonstrated that the serous acini carried a higher density of nerve elements than the mucous acini. However, no such difference was evident in the submandibular gland, possibly due to the small areas of the mucous acini. In both types of gland, neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive parasympathetic nerves as well as tyrosine hydroxylase-positive sympathetic nerves were observed in the interlobular tissue, but we were unable to trace these thin fibers to the acini. Myoepithelial cells expressed smooth muscle actin, but were negative for S100B protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase. However, antibody against S100A stained some of the myoepithelial cells and ductal cells in the sublingual gland. Cells positive for peripheral myelin protein 22 were seen in some of the ductal cells in the submandibular gland, but not in the sublingual gland. Therefore, with regard to the neurogenic features of the gland cells, S100B reactivity might disappear first in postnatal life, whereas S100A reactivity is likely to remain as aging progresses. The sublingual gland in elderly individuals seems to provide a good model for comparison of the nerve supply between mucous and serous acini.

Topographical variations of the incisive canal and nasopalatine duct in human fetuses

Ji Hyun Kim,Shunichi Shibata,Hiroshi Abe,Gen Murakami,José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.4

The incisive canal for nerves and vessels is generally thought to run along a suture between the incisive bone (IN) and maxilla. In contrast, there was a report saying the canal passes through the IN or primary palate in human fetuses. Examination of sagittal and frontal sections from 69 fetuses (31 of gestational age [GA] 9–15 weeks and 38 of GA 26–34 weeks) showed that the canal often penetrated the IN at the nasal half of its course and that, in other fetuses, the canal penetrated the IN along its entire course, irrespective of involvement of the nasopalatine duct. Canals developing in and corresponding to parts of the suture resulted in partial enlargement of the thin and tight sutures, which contained loose tissue, vessels, nerves and even a duct. Small processes of the IN were identified as upper irregular parts continuous with inferior main masses of bone in frontal sections but as bone fragments in sagittal sections. In some sections, a thin layer of the maxilla along the canal covered the medial or inferior aspect of the IN. Therefore, the incisive canal with or without duct exhibited a spectrum of variations in topographical relation to the IN-maxillary border. Because the primitive oronasal communication passes through the suture, the nasopalatine duct may have originated from the secondary developed elongation of the nasal epithelium at midterm. A large incisive fossa along the midline on the oral surface of the palate might make a macroscopic finding of variants difficult even in adults.

Topographical anatomy of the greater omentum and transverse mesocolon: a study using human fetuses

Daisuke Suzuki,Ji Hyun Kim,Shunichi Shibata,Gen Murakami,José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.4

The greater omentum covers the transverse colon from the anterior side in adults, but people might believe the morphology stable once established during fetal life. Sections from 49 midterm and 17 late-stage human fetuses, of gestational ages (GA) 8–15 and 30–38 weeks, respectively, showed complete fusion between the greater omentum and transverse mesocolon after physiological herniation at GA 8–9 weeks; the transverse colon attaching to the anterior aspect of the gastric antrum and pylorus at GA 10–15 weeks; the colon pushing the pylorus or superior portion of the duodenum upward (at GA 10–15 weeks and 30–38 weeks); and the greater omentum without covering the greater portion of the jejunum and ileum but shifted leftward (at GA 30–38 weeks). These subsequent topographical variations of the transverse colon with the stomach and duodenum included the colon tightly fusing with the stomach by a fibrous tissue and; the greater omentum and/or the mesocolon wedged between the stomach and transverse colon. Therefore, in combination, the colon was partly separated from the greater omentum. Moreover, at GA 30–38 weeks, the duodenum consistently showed a horizontal loop in contrast to the usual C-loop in the frontal plane. Consequently, after a complete fusion occurred once between the greater omentum and transverse mesocolon, the topographical change of the upper abdominal viscera seemed to modify, change or even break the initial fusion of the peritoneum. A logical lamination of the peritoneum seemed not to simply connect with the surgical application.