Derivation and Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Osteoarthritis Patients

Mamdooh Gari,Haneen Alsehli,Abdullah Gari,Mohammed Abbas,Mohammed Alkaff,Mohammed Abuzinadah,Fatin Al-Sayes,Mazin Gari,Ashraf Dallol,Adel M Abuzenadah,Kalamegam Gauthaman 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2016 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.13 No.6

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative joint disease caused by the progressive reduction of the articular cartilage surface that leads to reduced joint function. Cartilage degeneration occurs through gradual loss in extracellular matrix components including type II collagen and proteoglycan. Due to limited inherent self repair capacity of the cartilage, the use of cell-based therapies for articular cartilage regeneration is considered promising. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells and are highly capable of multilineage differentiation which render them valuable for regenerative medicine. In this study, BM-MSCs were isolated from OA patients and were characterized for MSC specific CD surface marker antigens using flowcytometry and their differentiation potential into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes were evaluated using histological and gene expression studies. BM-MSCs isolated from OA patients showed short spindle shaped morphology in culture and expressed positive MSC related CD markers. They also demonstrated positive staining with oil red O, alizarin red and alcian blue following differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, respectively. In addition, chodrogenic related genes such as collagen type II alpha1, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, fibromodulin, and SOX9 as well as osteocytic related genes such as alkaline phosphatase, core-binding factor alpha 1, osteopontin and RUNX2 runt-related transcription factor 2 were upregulated following chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation respectively. We have successfully isolated and characterized BM-MSCs from OA patients. Although BM-MSCs has been widely studied and their potential in regenerative medicine is reported, the present study is the first report in our series of experiments on the BMSCs isolated from OA patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

제1주제:세법상 실질주의(Ⅰ)

Gary D. Sprague,Michael P. Boyle,변혜정(번역자) 한국국제조세협회 2003 조세학술논집 Vol.19 No.-

Perception of upper lip augmentation utilizing simulated photography

Gary Linkov,Elizabeth Wick,Dorina Kallogjeri,Collin L. Chen,Gregory H. Branham 대한성형외과학회 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.3

Background No head to head comparison is available between surgical lip lifting and upper lip filler injections to decide which technique yields the best results in patients. Despite the growing popularity of upper lip augmentation, its effect on societal perceptions of attractiveness, successfulness and overall health in woman is unknown. Methods Blinded casual observers viewed three versions of independent images of 15 unique patient lower faces for a total of 45 images. Observers rated the attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health for each patient image. Facial perception questions were answered on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, where higher scores corresponded to more positive responses. Results Two hundred and seventeen random observers with an average age of 47 years (standard deviation, 15.9) rated the images. The majority of observers were females (n=183, 84%) of white race (n=174, 80%) and had at least some college education (n=202, 93%). The marginal mean score for perceived attractiveness from the natural condition was 1.5 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–2.18) higher than perceived attractiveness from the simulated upper lip filler injection condition, and 2.6 points higher (95% CI, 1.95–3.24) than the simulated upper lip lift condition. There was a moderate to strong correlation between the scores of the same observer. Conclusions Simulated upper lip augmentation is amenable to social perception analysis. Scores of the same observer for attractiveness, successfulness, and overall health are strongly correlated. Overall, the natural condition had the highest scores in all categories, followed by simulated upper lip filler, and lastly simulated upper lip lift.

The United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT)

Gary Davis 한국천문학회 2010 天文學會報 Vol.35 No.1

Human Language Technology in Ubiquitous Computer Interface

Gary Geunbae Lee 한국HCI학회 2005 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

A Unique 18th-Century Korean Map

Gari Keith Ledyard 재단법인 동아시아연구원 2013 EAI 스페셜 리포트 Vol.- No.-

From the late Koryo dynasty to the last years of the Chosŏn dynasty, Korea had a rich cartographic history, producing thousands of beautiful national maps using a wide range of cartographic methods and styles. For their abundant notes and the indication of place-names, the mapmakers used only Classical Chinese (Hanmun). That was the cultural standard of those times. But sometime during the 18th century, an anonymous and probably self-trained cartographer decided to produce a map on which all the notes and place-names would be written exclusively in Hangul. As far as this author can determine, the anonymous mapmaker’s map of Korea is the only example from the Chosŏn dynasty on which notes and district names appear only in Hangul. In this article the author examines his style and methods.

제1주제 : 전자상거래 소득에 대한 과세

Gary D. Sprague,Michael P. Boyle,김유석(번역자) 한국국제조세협회 2002 조세학술논집 Vol.18 No.-

The Rise and Fall of “Reg Neg”in the United States

Gary MARCHANT,Lyn GULLEY 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2010 法學論集 Vol.14 No.3

Under the Administration Procedure Act (APA), regulatory agencies are required to go through notice-and-comment rulemaking in promulgating regulations, and then subject its final regulation to judicial review if one or more party seeks to challenge the rule. This federal rulemaking procedure caused delays, costs and inefficiencies, and eventually resulted in the “ossification” of rulemaking. Negotiated rulemaking entered the limelight in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a promising alternative to conventional rulemaking procedures for federal agencies to address the ossification problem. Negotiated rulemaking is based on the idea that it would be more efficient and productive to have the parties seek to reach a consensus up front and forego all the subsequent dispute. Congress adopted the Negotiated Rulemaking Act (NRA) in 1990 that supported and outlined the process for agencies that opt to use it. The flaw of the conventional rulemaking procedure is that it is slow, inconvenient and time-consuming. Regulatory negotiation was expected to provide a more efficient, streamlined regulatory process that would produce better rules faster, and the rules would be subject to less litigation. However, it did not revolutionize regulation for the better, or even have a substantial impact, as it was expected. In addition, both of The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department roteducation (DOe) reported some failure cases. It means that regulatory negotiation may not work as theoretically expected. Several conditions are required for regulatory negotiation to be effective. First, all affected interest must have an opportunity to participate in the rule formulation process. Second, not only must all interested parties participate in the negotiations, they must negotiate in good faith. Third, the issue should be ready and appropriate for negotiation meaning that the subject matter have to be sufficiently developed and narrow enough in scope that the parties can realistically resolve it. If these prerequisites for successful negotiation are met, regulatory negotiation may still be an opportunity for agencies to slightly improve the slow, expensive, and ineffective conventional system of regulation. 전통적인 연방 규칙제정과정은 행정절차법에 따라, 행정청이 고지와 의견제출을 거쳐서 규칙을 제정하고, 이해당사자가 그 규칙을 다투는 경우 사법심사에 붙여진다. 이러한 연방 규칙제정과정은 지연, 비용 그리고 비효율성을 초래하여 결국에는 규칙제정의 경직화를 가져왔다. 1980년대 말부터 1990년대 초, 협상에 의한 규칙제정이 전통적인 규칙제정절차에 대한 대안으로 조명받기 시작했다. 협상에 의한 규칙제정은 당사자들에게 미리 합의를 도출하여 차후에 분쟁이 없도록 하는 것이 더 효율적이라는 생각에 기반하고 있다. 1990년에는 협상에 의한 규칙제정법을 제정하여 규제협상에 대해 합법성을 부여하였고, 그 활용이 장려되었다. 전통적인 규칙제정시스템의 결점은 느리고 번거로우며 시간이 많이 들 뿐더러 남소를 유발한다는 것이다. 규제협상은 더 좋은 규칙을 더 빨리 제정하고 그러한 규칙이 더 적은 소송으로 이어 지도록 할 것이라는 기대를 받았다. 그러나 실제로 규제협상은 규칙제정에 소요되는 시간을 절약하지 못했고, 제기되는 소송의 비율을 감소시키지도 못했다. 또한 행정청에 의한 활용도가 매우 낮았다. 규제협상에 적극적이었던 연방 행정청인 환경보호청(EPA)과 교육부(DOE)도 규제협상이 실패한 사례들을 남겼다. 규제협상은 현실에서 이론상 기대했던 대로 작동하지 않을 수 있는 것이다. 협상에 의한 규칙제정이 효력을 발휘하려면, 몇 가지 조건이 충족되어야 한다. 첫째, 모든 이해당사자에게 규칙 도출과정에 참여할 수 있는 기회를 보장하여야 한다. 둘째, 모든 이해 당사자들은 협상에 선의로 참여해야 한다. 셋째, 협상에 적합한 쟁점이 미리 준비되어 있어야 한다. 이러한 전제조건들이 충족된다면, 규제협상은 전통적인 규제시스템에 대한 대안이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Properties of North American Kaolin Clays in Paper Coating Formulations

Gary C. Schultz 한국펄프·종이공학회 1989 펄프종이기술국제세미나 Vol.11 No.-

Communis Opinio and Jus Cogens: A Critical Review on Pro-Torture Law and Policy Argument

Gary Lilienthal,Nehaluddin Ahmad 이준국제법연구원 2017 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.10 No.2

The prohibition on torture has attained status as a peremptory norm of general international law. This gives rise to the obligation erga omnes to take action against those who torture. Despite this, most world states routinely conduct torture. Is there really a worldwide prohibition of torture? Argument is framed to demonstrate that the concept of a jus cogens peremptory norm, flowing erga omnes to all nations, is in practice unattainable, preventing any absolute and universal international law prohibition against torture. States cannot declare someone an enemy of all mankind, or bind all other states to that view. Jus cogens is a text writers’ municipal communis opinio, but held administratively to be based in customary international law. Any prohibition against torture appears to remain in municipal customary law form, breaches of which are proved as arguments based on fact, eliminating operation of any absolute peremptory governing norm.