常用詞“甘”、“甜”歷時演變與興替研究

?玉君(Gan Yeechin),朴敏浚(Park, Min-jun) 중국어문학연구회 2017 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.105

It is important to study the diachronic change and replacement of old words by new ones in Chinese etymology as the process does not happen and complete within a short span of time. This paper propose an in-depth study on gan (甘) and tian (甜) by investigating a number of historical documents of various registers from the Pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Based on the diachronic perspective, we conduct a quantitative analysis to show the lexical development and replacement process of gan (甘) and tian (甜) in its original and extended meanings. In the meantime, we also describes usage pattern and competition process of the two words in different periods, by comparing them in terms of usage frequency, semantic expression and syntactic distribution. Because gan (甘) is a polysemy with multiple meanings since the Pre-Qin dynasty, a new word tian (甜) with a single meaning of sweet taste emerged in the Western Han dynasty, which is subsequently commonly used in oral literature in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Afterwards, tian (甜) went into competition with gan (甘) in the Tang and Song dynasties, whose meaning was in turn further extended to psychological and sensory domains in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In modern Chinese, gan (甘) came to only function as a morpheme through semantic bleaching whereas tian (甜) often appeared in sentential structure. The semantic and syntactic functions of the two words remain stable and still in use.

Low Resistance and Transparent Ag/AZO Ohmic Contact to p-GaN

T. Han,T. Wang,X. W. Gan,H. Wu,Y. Shi,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.1

Silver (Ag)/ aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on p-GaN by using electronbeamevaporation. After the annealing process, current -voltage (I-V) measurements were carriedout to determine the characteristic of the contacts. The Ag/AZO films annealed at 600 C werefound to present an ohmic contact behavior. The specific contact resistance was calculated tobe 9.76 × 10−4cm2 and the transmittance was over 80% for visibly light. The atomic forcemicroscope was used to measure the aggregation of Ag grains which may have been the main factorin the formation of the Ag/AZO ohmic contact to p-GaN.

RFID Tag Ownership Transfer Protocol of Multi-owner with Different Weights Based on Lagrange Algorithm

Gan Yong,Yang Zong-qin,He Lei,Du Chao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.10

As it is known, the researches on ownership transfer issues of RFID tag have focused on a single owner. However in practice, RFID tag may have multiple owners who occupy different weights. To solve the problem, the ownership transfer protocol of multi-owner with different weights based on Lagrange has been proposed. Assuming the key is divided into n parts in this paper, and the owner gets the corresponding sub secret key according to the weight. Then, If and only if the sum of the weights of the owners involved in the restoration of the secret key is equal to or greater than t, the secret key can be obtained, or not. Therefore, security of ownership transition and flexibility in the practical application are enhanced.

Impact of Inadequate Doses of Rituximab in the Treatment of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in Malaysian Patients

Gan, Gin Gin,Subramaniam, Rajaletchumy,Bee, Ping Chong,Chin, Edmund Fui Min,Abdul-Halim, Habibah,Tai, Mei Chee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4

Background: The current standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP). A significant number of patients were not treated with recommended dose of rituximab due to limited financial resources in Malaysia. This study evaluates the efficacy of R-CHOP like chemotherapy in Malaysian patients with DLBCL. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL treated at a single centre. The outcome was compared with patients who were treated with R-CHOP like and CHOP like chemotherapy. Patients who were treated with lower dose of rituximab was subanalysed for outcome. Results: A total of 86 patients who had CHOP-like chemotherapy were included. Only 39 (45%) patients had rituximab and only 12 (29%) patients had the recommended dose. The overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates were 88% and 81% respectively. There was no significant difference in OR and CR in patients who had rituximab and those without rituxmab. Those with International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of ${\leq}2$ had significant higher CR rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (p<0.001). Conclusions: The lack of significant improvement in CR and DFS in our patients may be due to an inadequate dose of rituximab.

Spectrally narrowed edge emission from leaky waveguide modes in organic light-emitting diodes

Gan, Zhengqing,Tian, Yun,Lynch, David W.,Kang, Ji-hun,Park, Q-Han,Shinar, Joseph American Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.106 No.9

Emulsifying Properties of Lecithin Containing Different Fatty Acids Obtained by Immobilized Lecitase Ultra-Catalyzed Reaction

Gan, Lu-Jing,Wang, Xiang-Yu,Yang, Dan,Zhang, Hua,Shin, Jung-Ah,Hong, Soon-Taek,Park, Sang Hyun,Lee, Ki-Teak Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol.91 No.4

Lecitase Ultra and 6 triacylglycerol lipases (lipases PS, M, AH, AY, R, and AK) were immobilized on Amberlite XAD 7HP and used to catalyze the acidolysis reaction between lecithin and capric acid (C10:0) for comparison. The highest molar incorporation value (51.0 mol%) was observed for the immobilized Lecitase Ultra. Further, immobilized Lecitase Ultra was selected for catalyzing acidolysis between lecithin and fatty acids with different chain lengths (C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0). After reaction, free fatty acids were removed by SPE and the resultant was called modified lecithin fraction 1 (MLF1). The highest molar incorporation value was obtained for C10:0 (51.0 mol%) at 45 A degrees C with a mole ratio of 10/1 (C10:0/lecithin) for 72 h. After removal of lysophosphatidylcholine by solid-phase extraction from MLF1, the resultant modified lecithin fraction 2 (MLF2) was used to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion. All emulsions prepared with MLF2 exhibited significantly higher emulsion stability (ES) values (16.2-17.7) and smaller particle sizes (d (32) 0.40-0.49 mu m, d (43) 0.75-1.01 mu m) than the emulsion prepared with unmodified lecithin (ES 14.1, d (32) 0.76 mu m, d (43), 1.26 mu m) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, less clarification and droplet aggregation were observed in emulsions prepared with MLF2 than in lecithin-based emulsions. Overall, the MLF2s showed better emulsifying properties than lecithin.

Association Between Polymorphisms of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln Genes and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer in a Chinese Population

Gan, Yi,Li, Xiao-Rong,Chen, Dao-Jin,Wu, Jun-Hui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

We conducted this study to detect associations between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln genotypes and survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy. We included 289 Chinese patients with advanced colorectal cancer, who had received 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy as first-line treatment from January 2005 to January 2007. All patients were followed up till Nov. 2011. Genotyping for XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the PCR-RFLP method. In our study, we found the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln genotype to confer significantly higher rates of response to chemotherapy when compared to the Arg/Arg genotype [OR (95% CI)= 2.56(1.57-2.55)]. patients with the XPD 751 Gln/Gln genotype had significantly higher rates of response to chemotherapy [OR (95% CI)= 1.54(0.87-2.65)] and those with the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln genotype had a longer average survival time and significantly lower risk of death than did those with the Arg/Arg genotype [HR (95% CI)= 0.66(0.36-0.95)]. Similarly, those carrying the XPD 751Gln/Gln genotype had 0.51-fold the risk of death of those with XPD 751Lys/Lys [HR (95% CI)= 0.51(0.33 -0.94)]. In conclusion, it is suggested that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms should be routinely assessed to determine colorectal patients who are more likely to benefit from 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy.

Geopolitics and Regionalism : China`s New Silk Road: Where Does It Lead?

( Gan Jun Xian ),( Mao Yan ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2016 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.40 No.1

We analyze the driving forces behind China’s New Silk Road (NSR) initiative and find that they not only included short-term factors, such as the US “rebalance” of forces in Asia and China’s economic slowdown since 2012, but also long-term factors such as China’s ambition to recover its past glory and integrate itself still further into the global economy. We then look at the external challenges facing China’s initiative, such as geopolitical competition, fear of overdependence, and political instabilities along the old silk routes. We highlight China’s policy dilemmas and discuss the sustainability of China’s NSR initiative and its implications for the world. Our conclusion is that China’s initiative could be in for a rocky road, but if it strikes a good balance between its diplomatic objectives and means and its values and actions, the NSR could speed up regional integration. KEYWORDS: China, the New Silk Road, geopolitical conflicts, regional integration.

Energy Efficient Sequential Sensing in Multi-User Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks: A Consideration of an ADC Device

Gan, Xiaoying,Xu, Miao,Li, He The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

Cognitive networks (CNs) are capable of enabling dynamic spectrum allocation, and thus constitute a promising technology for future wireless communication. Whereas, the implementation of CN will lead to the requirement of an increased energy-arrival rate, which is a significant parameter in energy harvesting design of a cognitive user (CU) device. A well-designed spectrum-sensing scheme will lower the energy-arrival rate that is required and enable CNs to self-sustain, which will also help alleviate global warming. In this paper, spectrum sensing in a multi-user cognitive ad hoc network with a wide-band spectrum is considered. Based on the prospective spectrum sensing, we classify CN operation into two modes: Distributed and centralized. In a distributed network, each CU conducts spectrum sensing for its own data transmission, while in a centralized network, there is only one cognitive cluster header which performs spectrum sensing and broadcasts its sensing results to other CUs. Thus, a wide-band spectrum that is divided into multiple sub-channels can be sensed simultaneously in a distributed manner or sequentially in a centralized manner. We consider the energy consumption for spectrum sensing only of an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). By formulating energy consumption for spectrum sensing in terms of the sub-channel sampling rate and whole-band sensing time, the sampling rate and whole-band sensing time that are optimal for minimizing the total energy consumption within sensing reliability constraints are obtained. A power dissipation model of an ADC, which plays an important role in formulating the energy efficiency problem, is presented. Using AD9051 as an ADC example, our numerical results show that the optimal sensing parameters will achieve a reduction in the energy-arrival rate of up to 97.7% and 50% in a distributed and a centralized network, respectively, when comparing the optimal and worst-case energy consumption for given system settings.

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Research on Mechanical Performance of Bolt Connections of Corrugated Steel Plates

Gan Tang,Lingfeng Yin,Xiaoming Guo,Jin Cui 한국강구조학회 2015 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.15 No.1

Fabricated corrugated steel silos are widely used for grain storage, and the corrugated steel plates with bolt lap connectionsare often used as the silo wall. This paper aims to research the mechanical performance of bolt connections of corrugated steelplates. Experiments were conducted for eight groups of specimens subjected to various parameters. The finite element modelstook into account the material nonlinearities, geometry nonlinearities and contact nonlinearities. The major factors (platethickness and wave height) were selected, and parametric studies were performed. It is found that the ultimate bearing capacitiesof corrugated steel plate specimens are smaller than those of the flat steel plate specimens, and the ultimate displacements ofthe former are larger than those of the latter. The attaching degree between the nuts and the steel plates is a primary factor ofthe difference. The finite element results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The ultimate bearing capacityof single-bolt connections of corrugated steel plates shows an increasing trend with the increase in plate thickness, and theultimate displacement and ultimate bearing capacity both increase as the wave height decreases. When the wave height of thespecimen decreases to 0 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity and ultimate displacement increase significantly.