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Young Children's Acquisition and Understanding of Words that Express Logical Relations
Lucia French 대한사고개발학회 1992 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.2 No.2
This article discusses research on young children's comprehension of relational terms such as BEFORE, AFTER, BECAUSE, and SO. A general review of the literature on children's comprehension of these terms is followed by a critique that is supported from three sources - the author's own data on children's accurate production of the same terms they apparently fail to comprehend, methodological critiques of the interpretation of the research on children's comprehension, and a theoretical account of the comprehension-production disparity in terms of the differing cognitive demands of comprehension and production, and of different types of comprehension stimuli. Comprehension of relational terms involves more than comprehension of a single term; comprehension involves forming a mental representation of the relationship between two propositions that is expressed by the term. Forming a mental representation of a logically constrained or familiar relationship would seem to be cognitively simpler than forming a mental representation of an arbitrary or unfamiliar relationship. Two studies were carried out to assess this proposal, one assessing comprehension of sentences containing BEFORE and AFfER, the other assessing comprehension of sentences containing BECAUSE and SO. For each study, older children were equally able to comprehend the tenns regardless of the semantic content of the propositions being related, but the performance of younger children was strongly influenced by semantic content. The younger children gave evidence of having full knowledge of the lexical components of the terms being tested, but were not able to apply this knowledge in order to form mental representations of (comprehend) novel relationships. These results are discussed in terms of young children's knowledge being closely tied to personal experience, and development consisting in part of the ability to move beyond the constraints of operating within familiar cognitive contexts.
Clocking the Evolution of Post-starburst Galaxies: Methods and First Results
French, K. Decker,Yang, Yujin,Zabludoff, Ann I.,Tremonti, Christy A. American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.862 No.1
<P>Detailed modeling of the recent star formation histories (SFHs) of post-starburst (or 'E+A') galaxies is impeded by the degeneracy between the time elapsed since the starburst ended (post-burst age), the fraction of stellar mass produced in the burst (burst strength), and the burst duration. To resolve this issue, we combine GALEX ultraviolet photometry, SDSS photometry and spectra, and new stellar population synthesis models to fit the SFHs of 532 post-starburst galaxies. In addition to an old stellar population and a recent starburst, 48% of the galaxies are best fit with a second recent burst. Lower stellar mass galaxies (log M-*/M-circle dot<10.5) are more likely to experience two recent bursts, and the fraction of their young stellar mass is more strongly anticorrelated with their total stellar mass. Applying our methodology to other, younger post-starburst samples, we identify likely progenitors to our sample and examine the evolutionary trends of molecular gas and dust content with post-burst age. We discover a significant (4 sigma) decline, with a 117-230 Myr characteristic depletion time, in the molecular gas to stellar mass fraction with the post-burst age. The implied rapid gas depletion rate of 2-150 M(circle dot)yr(-1) cannot be due to current star formation, given the upper limits on the current star formation rates in these post-starbursts. Nor are stellar winds or supernova feedback likely to explain this decline. Instead, the decline points to the expulsion or destruction of molecular gas in outflows, a possible smoking gun for active galactic nucleus feedback.</P>
Why Post-starburst Galaxies Are Now Quiescent
French, K. Decker,Zabludoff, Ann I.,Yoon, Ilsang,Shirley, Yancy,Yang, Yujin,Smercina, Adam,Smith, J. D.,Narayanan, Desika American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.861 No.2
<P>Post-starburst or 'E + A' galaxies are rapidly transitioning from star-forming to quiescence. While the current star formation rate (SFR) of post-starbursts is already at the level of early-type galaxies, we recently discovered that many have large CO-traced molecular gas reservoirs consistent with normal star-forming galaxies. These observations raise the question of why these galaxies have such low SFRs. Here we present an ALMA search for the denser gas traced by HCN (1-0) and HCO+ (1-0) in two CO-luminous, quiescent post-starburst galaxies. Intriguingly, we fail to detect either molecule. The upper limits are consistent with the low SFRs and with earlytype galaxies. The HCN/CO luminosity ratio upper limits are low compared to star-forming and even many earlytype galaxies. This implied low dense gas mass fraction explains the low SFRs relative to the CO-traced molecular gas and suggests that the state of the gas in post-starburst galaxies is unusual, with some mechanism inhibiting its collapse to denser states. We conclude that post-starbursts galaxies are now quiescent because little dense gas is available, in contrast to the significant CO-traced lower density gas reservoirs that still remain.</P>
Handheld versus Traditional Computer Security Threats and Practices
Aaron French,Jordan Shropshire 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2011 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.11 No.2
Since the advent of the internet, individual concern for privacy and security has grown in importance. Measures for controlling and minimizing security risks have also increased in use. However, the latest generation of information technologies, handheld computing devices, ushers in a new wave of security concerns. Viruses and spyware are increasingly targeted toward mobile devices. Unfortunately, there has been little research on user perceptions of security threats to handheld devices. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess individual awareness and use of security measures for handheld devices. Students enrolled in a major university in the southeastern United States were surveyed. The results indicate that subjects are familiar with threats and security measures for traditional computers, but are largely unaware of threats to handheld device security. Implications for practitioners and educators are discussed.
Aaron French(아론 프렌치) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2013 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.13 No.1
본 연구는 소셜 네트워크 사이트와 관련하여 결과 변수들에 신뢰의 2가지 범주가 미치는 영향을 살펴본다. 이를 수행하기 위하여 데이터는 페이스북과 같은 소셜 네트워크 사이트(Social Networking Sites, SNS)의 회원인 대학생들을 대상으로 수집되었다. 분석 결과, 전반적인 커뮤니티에 대한 신뢰와 친구들에 대한 신뢰 2가지의 명확한 차이를 밝혀내었다. 또한, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 소셜 네트워킹 연구에서 이전에 연구된 개념들에 신뢰의 2가지 범주가 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. SNS에 관한 연구에서 신뢰의 적절한 범주를 확인하는 중요성은 이전에 확립된 모델의 응용을 통해 증명되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 신뢰의 2가지 범주를 구별할 필요성을 뒷받침해주고, 향후 SNS 관련 연구를 위한 지침서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.
Determinants of U.S .Equity Flows to Brazil
Joseph J. French 사람과세계경영학회 2012 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.17 No.1
This research investigates the impact of global and financial variables on American equity flows to Brazil. Portfolio flows to Brazil increased 159% in 2009. This rapid increase of foreign investment prompted the Brazilian government to impose a 2% tax on some types of foreign portfolio investment. This paper dissects the factors that predict U.S. equity flows into Brazil. Consistent with existing literature on other countries, this research finds that U.S. equity flows follow high local market returns. It is further documented that U.S. equity flows to Brazil are negatively related to returns on the S&P 500 and U.S. prime interest rates. Finally, this paper uncovers two new variables that predict equity flows to Brazil: 1) an increase in the Brazilian equity market volatility negatively forecasts U.S. equity flows to Brazil; and 2) increases in commodity prices positively predict U.S. investment in Brazil where a 1% increase in commodity prices predicts a 0.5% increase in U.S. purchases of Brazilian equities as a percentage of market capitalization.