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1
Influence of Filler Loading on Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Eggshell Powder Biocomposite

Nur Fazreen Alias,Hanafi Ismail 한국고분자학회 2021 폴리머 Vol.45 No.2
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- 복사/대출신청
Biocomposite films made up of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and eggshell powder (ESP) were prepared by solution casting method. The physical propertiess, mechanical properties and biodegradability of biocomposites were studied based on various ESP loading (0 to 40 wt%). From raw material characterization, ESP was found to have similar composition to the calcium carbonate, which is widely used as filler in polymer composites. It was found that the tensile properties decreased with increasing ESP loading, attributed from poor interfacial adhesion and ESP agglomeration as proven by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) micrographs. Water absorption and water vapour transmission were enhanced with addition of ESP. The biocomposite shows higher biodegradability in both soil burial and natural weathering with increasing ESP loading.
2
Significance of immune checkpoint proteins in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer

Soo, Ross A.,Kim, Hye Ryun,Asuncion, Bernadette Reyna,Fazreen, Zul,Omar, Mohamed Feroz Mohd,Herrera, Maria Cynthia,Yun Lim, Joey Sze,Sia, Grace,Soong, Richie,Cho, Byoung-Chul Elsevier 2017 Lung cancer Vol.105 No.-
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Abstract Objectives To characterize the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods Samples from 90 patients with newly diagnosed advanced stage NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations and treated with first line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) within 3 months of diagnosis were stained for CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, TIM-3 and CD3 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results PD-L1 was present in at least 1% of immune and tumor cells in 44% and 59% of samples, respectively. In multivariate analysis, increased CD3 immune shaped cell (ISC) counts (HR 2.805, p =0.034) and high PD-L1 tumor H-score (HR 3.805, p =0.022) was associated with a shorter progression free survival and high CTLA-4 ISC counts was associated with borderline overall survival significance (HR 1.054, p =0.061). Conclusion Tumor PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with a shorter PFS whereas immune cell CTLA-4 may be prognostic for OS. Our findings support the ongoing development of CTLA-4 and PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors in this important molecularly defined subset of lung adenocarcinoma. Highlights <UL> <LI> Casesof advanced stage EGFR mutant NSCLC were analysed. </LI> <LI> PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4 and TIM3 expression were characterized. </LI> <LI> High tumor PD-L1 had a shorter PFS. </LI> <LI> Immune cell CTLA-4 expression was prognostic. </LI> </UL>