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Potential of Tin Slag-containing Aggregates as Road Pavement Material
Syazwani Mohd Fadzil,Ahmad Daniel Ahmad,Rohyiza Ba’an,Norsyahidah Mohd Hidzir,Shahrul Sazuan Ariffin 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1
Tin slag is a byproduct obtained from the tin smelting industry and contained naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM); therefore, it has to be managed accordingly. This study focuses on recycling the waste in exchange for natural aggregates for road pavement due to the potential features as construction materials. The main objective of this study is to analyze the use of tin slag by diluting its radioactivity level and as the replacement of natural aggregates while focusing on identifying the mechanical properties of the mixture. Tin slag was used as coarse aggregate in the range of 0–85% while the percentage of recycle glass was maintained at 15% and granite rocks in range of 0–100%. In this research, the concentration activity of NORM in tin slag have been measured using a gamma ray spectrometer. Few laboratory tests for the final product are carried out such as Los Angeles abrasion value (LAAV), aggregate crushing value (ACV), and aggregate impact value (AIV). This study was also conducted to analyze the leachability of As, Cd, Ba, Cr, Pb, Se and Ag from the different composition. From the measurement result, the average concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are 318.21 Bq·kg?1, 602.07 Bq·kg?1 and 89.84 Bq·kg?1, respectively. The outdoor dose rates were found to be lower than 1.5 mSv·yr?1 in sample A1, A2 and A3 which is the recommended limit for construction materials. The sample toxicity was assessed using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the concentration of the elements studied was analysed using ICP-MS. The result from the analysis indicated that the concentrations of the heavy metal elements were between 0.001–26.94 mg·kg?1, which is lower than the limit for each element. As a conclusion, addition of tin slag between 5 to 25% in exchange of granite rocks as road pavement have showed potential evidence in the test for construction material. Besides, it has low leachability to the environment while diluting the radioactivity level.
Kamal Shahanawaz,Ain Mohd Fadzil Bin,Ullah Ubaid,Mohammed Abdullahi S. B.,Hussin Roslina,Omar Mohamad Faiz Bin Mohamed,Najmi Fathul,Ahmad Zainal Arifin,Rahman Mohd Fariz Ab,Mahmud Mohd Nazri,Othman Mo 한국전자파학회 2022 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.22 No.4
The deployment of the millimeter (mmWave) frequency spectrum by fifth-generation (5G) device-to-device (D2D) wireless networks is anticipated to meet the growing demands for increased capacity. The antenna is regarded of as an important determinant that guarantees the maximum performance of wireless communication. This paper presents a low-profile magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna for 5G mmWave D2D communication. A single-element quasi-loop radiator was designed to excite horizontal polarization, and a coaxial probe was used to produce vertical polarization. Subsequently, the structure of the radiator was transformed into a two-element quasi-loop an- tenna to achieve an omnidirectional radiation pattern with relatively enhanced gain. A coaxially fed T-junction microstrip element was implemented to equally distribute the signal between the two quasi-loop radiators and attain proper impedance matching. Furthermore, a pair of shorting pins was introduced into the two-element design to maintain the circularly polarized (CP) radiation. The finest values of the axial ratio and |S11| were derived by rigorously optimizing all the geometry parameters. Both single-element and two-element quasi- loop antennas were fabricated and characterized experimentally on the air substrate. The advantage of avoiding a physical substrate is to realize a wide bandwidth, circumvent dielectric losses, and ascertain the maximum gain. The measured and simulated results agree thor- oughly with each other. Stable in-band CP radiation were accomplished, thus confirming an appropriate field vector combination from the coaxial probe and the radiator. The finalized antenna engaged an area of ~7.6λ for operation at 23.9–30.0 GHz with an axial ratio <3 dB, radiation efficiency ~80%, and gain >5 dBic.
Biogeography-based Interference Mitigation Scheme for OFDMA System in Heterogeneous Network
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan,Ahmad Fadzil Ismail,Aisha-Hassan Abdalla,Wahidah Hashim,Shayla Islam 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.10
In Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), the small base station such as femtocells are deployed in indoor and multiple business complexes in order to extend the coverage and capacity. The deployment of co-channel (i.e. shared channel) for femtocells along with macrocell induces the severe interference issues. This is because of effects on SINR and thereby capacity become deteriorated. Therefore, this paper investigates the interference mitigation techniques and come out with a proposal to improve the Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) performance as well as total capacity in Heterogeneous Network (HetNet).The simulation results show that the achieved capacity is maximized than the existing technique.
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan,Ahmad Fadzil Ismail,Wahidah Hashim,Shayla Islam 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.9
In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Access (OFDMA) systems resource allocation to the subcarrier is essential owing to the insufficient resources available at the base station. In OFDMA, subcarrier and power allocation are not separate; thereby this two allocation are not self-governing. This paper proposes the subcarrier allocation approach through investigating previous methods, and also the Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is analyzed. The both of the algorithms cross functionality is analyzed and compared the performance of the subcarrier allocation of OFDMA systems in Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). The simulation results show that the PSO approach efficiently allocates the OFDMA subcarriers.
Analyses of Rainfall Rate During Malaysian 2014 Flood Event
Atikah Balqis Basri,Ahmad Fadzil Ismail,Muhamad Haziq Khairolanuar,Nuurul Hudaa Mohd Sobli,Khairayu Badron,Mohammad Kamrul Hasan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.8
An analysis based on rainfall rate characteristics has been carried out to estimate flood occurance. In this paper, we analyzed the rain gauge data for 5 different rain gauge stations. 14 days acquired data covering events before, during and after the flood tragedy in Malaysia. The analysis of the rain gauge data was processed on precipitation phenomena observed in year 2014 in Kota Bharu, Kelantan (Malaysia) from 13 December until 26 December. The data was acquired from the Malaysian Drainage and Irrigation Department (DID). The objective of the research is to derive the tropical flood estimation model using rain gauge data in Malaysia. Among the preliminary result shows that the average rainfall rate at kota bharu is 204.5 mm/hr during the flood tragedy.
An Ingenious Multiple Communicator Concept for Next Generation Smart Metering Communication System
Wahidah Hashim,Ahmad Fadzil Ismail,Rajina M. A. Raj Mohamed,Mohammad Kamrul Hasan,Muhammad Idham Abdul Halim,Kavitha Kumanan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.7
In this article, we propose and study a self-switching network concept known as an ingenious multiple communicator mechanism which can be applied to energy provider’s smart metering device. We outline reasons why such multiple connections networks are required through real case study scenarios and key components that drive towards such concept. We have gathered actual measurement values for a particular network and identified in what situation this is most suitable and applicable. We have come out with the basic system model for this multiple communicator. We also observed that a less fluctuating and similar pattern of network performance helps to design better network predictive analytics function. Finally numerical examples and analysis of the results are presented.