Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

Alcohol extract of Geum Chung Cho alleviates alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment in gerbils

Han-Sam Cho,Tae-Woon Kim,Sang-Seo Park,Mal-Soon Shin,Jae-Min Lee,Eun-Sang Ji,Chang-Ju Kim 한국운동재활학회 2015 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to memory impairment and also induces brain damage. The hippocampus has been particularly regarded as a possible target organ of alcoholic intoxication, since this structure plays a prominent function in memory processes. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune modulatory effects. Guem Chung Cho is an artificial cultivated Cordyceps, and was supplied from GCordy (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol extract of Cordycep (50 g) was made by rotary evaporate, and resulting powder 8.29 g was obtained (yield 17%). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Geum Chung Cho on short-term memory, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated gerbils. The gerbils were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 in each group): Control group, alcohol-treated group, alcohol-treated and 0.001 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, alcohol-treated and 0.01 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, and alcohol-treated and 0.1 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group. Gerbils in the alcohol-treated groups were orally administered ethanol (1 g/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Gerbils in the Guem Chung Cho-applied groups were orally administered Guem Chung Cho extract at each dosage 1 hour before ethanol consumption. Our results revealed that consumption of alcohol for 2 weeks deteriorated short-term memory, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). However, Guem Chung Cho treatment alleviated alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment through enhancing cell proliferation and BDNF expression with inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus. Guem Chung Cho showed maximum effects at 0.1 mg/kg. Based on these results, alcohol extract of Guem Chung Cho may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of chronic alcohol-inducted brain injury. This study was supported by GCordy company.

Three-Dimensional Porous Collagen/Chitosan Complex Sponge for Tissue Engineering

Kim, Sung Eun,Cho, Yong Woo,Kang, Eun Jung,Kwon, Ick Chan,Lee, Eunhee Bae,Kim, Jung Hyun,Chung, Hesson,Jeong, Seo Young The Korean Fiber Society 2001 Fibers and polymers Vol.2 No.2

A three-dimensional, porous collagen/chitosan complex sponge was prepared to closely simulate basic extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes, collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The complex sponge was prepared by a lyophilization method and had the regular network with highly porous structure, suitable for cell adhesion and growth. The pores were well interconnected, and their distribution was fairly homogeneous. The complex sponge was crosslinked using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to increase its boilogical stability and enhance its mechanical properties. The crosslinking medium has a great effect on the inner structure of the sponge. The homogeneous, porous structure of the sponge was remarkably collapsed in an aqueous crosslinking medium. However, the morphology of the sponge remained almost intact in a water/ethanol mixture crosslinking milieu. Mechanical properties of the collagen/chitosan sponge were significantly enhanced by EDC-mediated crosslinking. The potential of the sponge as a scaffold for tissue engineering was investigated using a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-K1) line.

사상체질의학의 진화론적 고찰

지상은,조황성 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Through the theoretical study on Sa-sang constitutional medicine from a evolutionary point of view, the result was obtained as follows. 1. The system of Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul(事心身物) in Sa-sang constitutional medicine is similar to the theory of evolution of Teilhard de Chardin. 2. The concept of Yin and Yang in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be set up by the demand and necessity in the progress of evolution and the time of the differentiation of functions. 3. The Sung-Jung(性情) of each Sa-sang constitution can be explained as the strategy and form survival. 4. The theory of physiology, pathology and therapy in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be hypothesized by the evolutionary standards which are related with the thermo-metabolism and hematopoietic-immune system.

Efficient Interleukin-21 Production by Optimization of Codon and Signal Peptide in Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cells

( Hee Jun Cho ),( Byung Moo Oh ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Jeewon Lim ),( Sang Yoon Park ),( Yo Sep Hwang ),( Kyoung Eun Baek ),( Bo-yeon Kim ),( Inpyo Choi ),( Hee Gu Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2

Interleukin-21 is a common γ-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted IFN-γ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

설화그림카드를 활용한 자기성장 집단 문학치료 프로그램 사례연구 : <해와 달>그림카드를 중심으로

배진형(Bae, Jin Hyoung),조은상(Cho, Eun Sang) 한국독서치료학회 2020 독서치료연구 Vol.12 No.2

이 연구에서는 자기성장을 원하는 참여자들이 설화 <해와 달이 된 오누이>와 <해와 달이 된 오누이>설화 그림카드를 활용한 ‘다시쓰기’ 활동을 하고, 이를 집단 문학치료프로그램에서 나누는 과정을 통해 ‘부모로부터의 심리적 독립’을 탐색해볼 수 있도록 하였다. 설화 선정은 참여자들이 <해와 달이 된 오누이>에 대해 ‘부모로부터의 심리적 독립’의 이야기로 읽고 반응한다는 기존 연구를 근거로 이루어졌다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 참여자 대부분은 자신이 부모에게 바라는 욕구에 대해 알아차릴 수 있었다. 둘째, 참여자들은 부모와의 관계를 탐색하거나 재조정해보는 통찰을 얻을 수 있었다. 셋째, 설화뿐 아니라, 제시된 설화 그림카드는 참여자들이 정서적 갈등을 투사하고 촉진하도록 도울 수 있었다. 넷째, ‘다시쓰기’ 전과 후, 설화 그림카드 작업들은 참여자들이 이야기의 방향과 줄거리, 주인공을 선정하는 데에도 효과적인 역할을 하였다. 문학치료에서 이야기를 재구성하는 과정이 자신의 내면을 탐색하는 데 있어 효과적이라는 것은 조은상의 이전 논문에서 검증된 결과이나, 설화 그림카드를 개발하여 활용하는 것은 아직 연구 중에 있다. 추후 지속적인 연구를 통해 설화 그림카드의 유용성과 효과성에 대한 검증이 이루어져야 하겠지만, 이 연구를 통해 설화 그림카드를 설화와 함께 사용하는 것이 참여자들이 내면에 있는 갈등을 투사하는 데에 효과적이고, 보다 명확히 자신의 내면을 표현할 수 있도록 도움을 주었음이 밝혀졌다는 점이 이 연구의 의의라 하겠다. In this study, participants wanting to mature, engaged in ‘re-writing’ activities using a folktale “The Brother and Sister Who Became the Sun and the Moon” and folktale picture cards <The Brother and Sister Who Became the Sun and the Moon>, and explored their psychological independence from their parents through sharing their stories in a group setting. This specific folktale was selected based on existing research where participants read and responded to “The Brother and Sister Who Became the Sun and the Moon” as a story of psychological independence from parents. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, most of the participants in the study were able to recognize what they need from their parents. Secondly, participants were able to gain insights necessary for exploring or readjusting the relationship with their parents. Thirdly, the suggested folktale picture cards along with the folktale were useful for the participants to project and examine their emotional conflicts. Lastly, before and after re-writing activities, the folktale picture card work played an effective role in participants choosing the direction, plot, and protagonists of their stories. Even though the effectiveness of reconstructing stories in literary therapy to explore one’s inner self has been researched in previous studies, such as Cho Eun Sang’s papers, the topic of developing and utilizing folktale picture cards is still being explored. This study examined the ways in which using folktale picture cards in a literary therapy group helped participants project their inner conflicts and express themselves more clearly and effectively. This study also suggests that future studies will verify the usefulness and effectiveness of folktale picture cards.

생체내 심근허혈-재관류 모델에서 멜라토닌의 재관류 부정맥에 대한 심근보호작용에 관한 연구

조규종,김원,홍정석,이미우,장성은,오세현,임경수 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Recently, a few studies demonstrated that melatonin reduced the severity of myocardial reperfusion injuries, such as reperfusion arrhythmias. However, it is uncertain whether the melatonin reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in thus anesthetized animals because results were obtained using isolated hearts. Thus, to see whether melatonin reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in anesthetized animals, we examined the effect of melatonin on the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in an anesthetized-cat model of regional ischemia. Method: Adult mongrel male cats(n=30, 2.9∼4.2 kg) were anesthetized under positive-pressure artificial ventilation with room air. The animals of the control group(n=15) were subjected to 20-minute left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) occlusion followed by abrupt reperfusion. The animals in experimental group(n=15) were divided into two. Group I(n=6) was pretreated with melatonin, 1 mg/kg, before occluding the LAD. Group II(n=9) was pretreated with melatonin, 10 mg/kg. The animals in experimental group were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion insult following drug treatment: melatonin was applied intra-peritoneally for 3 minutes just before LAD coronary artery ligation. The Fisher's exact test was used to compare the data from different animal groups. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidence of ventricular fibrillation(VF) during the reperfusion phase in group II(pretreated with melatonin, 10 mg) was significantly smaller than that in the control group(p-value = 0.0029). However, no statistically significant difference of VF incidence was found between group I(pretreated with melatonin, 1 mg) and the control group. Conclusion: Employing an anesthetized-cat model of regional cardiac ischemia, we investigated the dose-dependant effects of melatonin on reperfusion-induced arrhythmia. The cats pretreated with 10 mg/kg of melatonin before ischemia had a significantly reduced incidence of lethal reperfusion-induced arrhythmia, but there was no difference between the cats pretreated with 1 mg/kg of melatonin before ischemia and the control group.

일-한 번역과정 연구의 번역 교육 적용

조상은 한국국제회의통역학회 2004 통역과 번역 Vol.6 No.2

This study aims to apply process-oriented research methodology to teaching translation. As Wilss (1996, p. 193) refers to translation teaching as "an 'open field' which calls for experiment and innovation", this paper claims to accept that translating and translation study have subjectivity features, and the need for controlling the subjectivity. Amidst criticisms raised within translation studies on result-oriented education, the usefulness of TAP is emphasized as a research methodology focused on the process of translation. After conducting an experiment using TAP to 7 translation-learners, the data is analyzed to identify problems revealed in the process of translation, and suggestions are made to improve the existing teaching methodology. As a result of the TAP experiment, the subjects' consciousness about language interference and mother tongue competence were found to be problems. Focusing on the data that same or similar Korean expressions have been repeated in problematic TT segments, this paper calls for the need for understanding 'translator creativity' on the part of both translation teachers and students, and explores the possibility of applying the concept in teaching translation.

순화슬러지와 생슬러지로 본 질산염제거특성

조순자,정용주,이나은,이정은,손형식,이상준 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 環境硏究報 Vol.21 No.-

Using acclimated sludge with inorganic nitrogen medium for three months and non-acclimated sludge, raw sludge, under aerobic condition we investigated characteristics biological nitrogen removal. As results, e acclimated sludge under aerobic condition accomplished nitrification efficiently. But the samples from the reactor operated raw sludge had higher ammonium concentration rather than the concentration which was loaded by the medium. This means when we are trying to reorganize existing facilities, we should take high initial ammonium concentration into account.

개에서 심장사상충과 유선암종 합병증의 1예

조은상,손화영,류시윤,조성환 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 動物醫科學硏究所 2005 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

A dog which referred to animal hospital with chief compliment of left hindlimb lameness, was died under the examination, so we observed this case histopathologically. Clinical signs were hindlimb lameness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, lethargy, hemoptysis, anorexia, and coughing. The gross findings were 5cm in diameters nodule in the caudal abdomen, swelling and milky nodules of the lung, swelling and gray-white patches of the liver, ovarian cyst and dirofilariasis in the heart. In histopathologic examination, metastatic tumors and microfilaria were observed in the lung, liver, spleen, adrenal gland and kidney.