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The Scarelt Letter에 나타난 죄와 고립 그리고 구원의 문제
이범두 한국강원영어영문학회 1993 영어영문학 Vol.- No.12
Hawthorne is a Puritan moralist at heart. But, in The Scarlet Letter, he deals with crime not so much in terms of evangelical Puritanism as in terms of absolute one. Through the symbolic judgement of Hester, a sinner of Adultery, by Puritan community, he criticizes the narrow-minded community because he does not believe that an incomplete human being can judge others. Hawthorne, unlike Puritans, does not think that Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth are deadly sinners. On the contrary, he insists that sin should be equivalent to redemption. This parodoxical point of view is deeply connected with "Fortunate Fall" or "the deucation of sin". But it must be noticed that this view of sin of his does not justify all the possible crimes. That is, we should not make a logical fallacy that because sin is instructive, it follows that we may commit any crimes. He, in this perspective, sees those three sinners as pardonable. It seems that he does not like severe Puritanism, which suppresses human thoughts and free behaviors without reason. Instead, he is attracted by Hester who regards as a higher law the natural law which makes it possible for her to respond to her instinct and insight faithfully. He tried to give a flexible interpretation of sin of passion. Arthur Dimmesdale is the very picture of Puritanism. He, Hester's partner, must also be of sinful passion in the light of law of Puritanism. Sin of hypocrisy is added to his sin of instinct one after another. Hawthorne, however, reveals that the end of sins of both passion and hypocrisy lies in the beginning of "Public confession." It indicates that the confession is the only way to salvation. Finally, Chillingworth, a well-known sinner as unforgivable, is a soul-destoryer. He is seen as the worst of the three sinners. But it becomes clear that he will have a ray of redemption in that he tried to probe a family bond long lost by bequeathing his large sum of fortune to Pearl, Hester's daughter. In consequence, Hawthorne does not think that all sorts of sins would be irrevocable. Having the probability that every one is apt to sin, he has a broader viewpoint to approve human weakness, and to forgive and include it. Sin is not an absolute precedent condition to salvation. It must be understood that ultimate redemption comes from the true penitence with a long agony in mind and physical torture, instead. Hawthorne says that man could not reach moral maturity without a thoroughgoing recognition of sin and a piercing anguish from it. He claims that any sinner should pay too high a price for sheer salvation.
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朴斗秉,金純範,李大熙,金裕光 大韓神經精神醫學會 1981 신경정신의학 Vol.20 No.4
Recently the auther had the opportunity to examine a case of folie a trois involving mother and two dauthers. Because of their shared delusions of constant threat to their virginity from men the mother had killed her three daughters by drawing vinyl cover over their faces while restraints were applied to the victims, extremities to prevent any physicical resistance. Two victims were partners of the infector the mother, and the remaining one daughter was diagnosed as schizophrenia. From this case presentation, it was thought that evolution and transference of paranoid symptoms are influenced by psychological-environmental factors rather than genetic-constitutional one, necessisating psychiatric approaches of this disorder should consider these aspects.
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동결견(凍結肩) 환자의 동서협진 치료의 임상효과 비교연구 : 견관절 가동운동범위(ROM) 변화를 중심으로
남동우,김행범,양동훈,임사비나,김건식,이두익,이재동,최도영,이윤호 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2006 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2006 No.-
Objectives : To establish an effective collaborate medicine treatment of acupuncture and western medicine for treating frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 59 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to Eastern treatment group(E group, n=22), Western treatment group(W group, n=17) and East-West treatment group(EW group, n=20). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection, twice a week for 4 weeks. The EW group received acupuncture and injection treatment including nerve block. All groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after treatment based on the change in shoulder Range of Motion(ROM) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The patient's satisfaction scores were E group 5.67, W group 7.73 and EW group 7.67. The E group and the EW group showed significant improvement in abbduction, adduction and flexion(p<0.05). The W group showed significant improvement in adduction(p<0.05). Abduction significantly improved(p<0.05) in the EW group compared to E group and W group. Flexion also showed improvement in the EW group, but the difference among the 3 groups was statistically insignificant. The three group's difference of change in extension and adduction was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion : Acupuncture and nerve block alone significantly improved ROM in frozen shoulder patients. Also collaborate treatment of acupuncture and nerve block significantly improved ROM in frozen shoulder patients. But the difference of the three treatments were significant only for improving abduction(p<0.05).
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정지원,주병권,최우범,정성재,이남양,최두진,오명환 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1
Silicon-to-silicon anodic bonding was accomplished using lithium doped interlayer. Lithium doped interlayers were deposited on silicon substrates by electron beam evaporation, which has a fast deposition rate compared with sputtering method. Silicon-to-silicon bonding occurs in the range of temperatures from 250℃ to 300℃ with the applied voltages from 70V_(DC) to 100V_(DC). The bonding strength obtained from tensile test was about 5MPa under the condition of 80V_(DC) in 300℃. The surface morphology of lithium doped interlayer was studied with the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis was carried out in order to investigate the role of the lithium ions in bonding mechanism.
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Dynamic Obstacle Detection Using Visually Informed Scan Matching
Lee, Tae Seok,Lee, Heon Cheol,Yoo, Won Sok,Kim, Doo Jin,Lee, Beom Hee Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2013 Applied mechanics and materials Vol.313 No.-
<P>This paper presents a real-time dynamic obstacle detection algorithm using a scan matching method considering image information from a mobile robot equipped with a camera and a laser scanner. By combining image and laser scan data, we extract a scan segment corresponding to the dynamic obstacle. To complement the performance of scan matching, poor in dynamic environments, the extracted scan segment is temporarily removed. After obtaining a good robot position, the position of the dynamic obstacle is calculated based on the robot’s position. Through two experimental scenarios, the performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated.</P>
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Great Expectations : Joe's Forge as Dickensean Home Joe의 대장간
Lee, Beom-Doo 한국강원영어영문학회 1996 영어영문학 Vol.15 No.1
Dickens는 빅토리아朝 英國社會의 拜金主義, 出世主義 등 非人間的 風潮를 批判하면서 純粹한 인간성을 지닌 인물들을 통해 끊임없이 社會全般외 改善, 道德性 回復 및 잃어버린 純眞無垢한 人間性의 回復을 그렸다. Dickens의 많은 주인공들은 자신이 속한 사회속에서 精神的, 肉體的 墮落과 苦痛을 처절하게 經驗하면서 결국은 Dickens的 樂圈에 이르게 된다. 자신들의 행위에 相應한 應報틀 치르고 난 후, 즉, 죽음의 문덕을 넘나드는 試鍊을 겪은 뒤에야 진정한 살의 價値를 발견한다. Mrs. Joe가 思考와 言行에서 Estella와 현저한 對照를 이루면서 Joe와 幸福한 보금자리를 틀게 되는 締結을 갖는다. Magwitch의 出監, Pip의 London에서의 歸鄕, Estella외 Satis House 家出이나, Hard Times에서 Louisa 와 Gradgrind가 Coketown의 俗世를 벗어버리고 love, fancy 그리고 emotion의 世界로 들어가는 것도, Joe가 진정한 自我(real-self)를 잃지 않고 시종여일 대장간의 삶을 營爲하는 두 範疇의 참의 倂置는 Dickens의 藝術의 極致이다. 夫唱婦隨하는 Biddy를 얻어 삶의 至順한 香氣를 내는 Joe의 대장간이야말로 진정한 인간의 價値가 喪失된 惡과 僞善의 사회의 對照點에 우뚝서 수고하고 무거운 짐진자들을 위해 빛나는 Dickens的 故鄕의 메타퍼이다.
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Intravaginal Packing Effects of CT-Guided Intracavitary Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer
Doo-Hyun Lee,Jung Keun Cho,Kyung Hwan Shin,신동호,Myonggeun Yoon,Jeong-Woo Lee,Jin-Beom Chung,최보영,Kyoung-Sik Choi,서태석 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1
Ten plans for Ir 192 high-dose-rate intracavitary radiotherapy (ICR) after 30 - 40 Gy external beam radiotherapy were investigated. The ICR prescription dose for each insertion was 4 or 5 Gy to point A twice weekly and the total dose of ICR ranged from 24 to 30 Gy (median: 24). A fractional 100 % dose was prescribed to point A. Two sets of CT images, before and after packing, were acquired at the first ICR session with artifact-free applicators in place. The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements Report 38 (ICRU-38) rectal and bladder points and the percentage of volumes receiving 50 %, 80 % and 100 % of the prescribed dose were analyzed and compared. Conventional point A plans were performed. The mean values of the bladder and rectal ICRU-38 point doses before packing, 109.93 % and 117.80 %, were lower after packing, 98.85 % and 94.93 %, respectively, with the difference not being significant (p = 0.013). The maximum point doses of the bladder and rectum were decreased by 20.12 % and 16.01 %, respectively. The mean-volume fractions of the bladder receiving 50 %, 80 % and 100 % of the reference dose were decreased by 8.29 %, 4.48 % and 2.64 % while the decrease of the mean-volume fractions for the rectum were relatively small at 4.44 %, 1.52 % and 1.20 %, respectively. However, this reduction was not significant based on a p value of about 0.15~0.81. While the dose at the reference point was decreased significantly due to the packing effects, the presence or the absence of packing had little effect on volumetric doses because the volumes enlarged by the packing effects were relatively small compared to the volume of either the entire bladder or the rectum itself. Packing is still needed as it could reduce the complications caused by the high point dose and decrease the maximum dose. Ten plans for Ir 192 high-dose-rate intracavitary radiotherapy (ICR) after 30 - 40 Gy external beam radiotherapy were investigated. The ICR prescription dose for each insertion was 4 or 5 Gy to point A twice weekly and the total dose of ICR ranged from 24 to 30 Gy (median: 24). A fractional 100 % dose was prescribed to point A. Two sets of CT images, before and after packing, were acquired at the first ICR session with artifact-free applicators in place. The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements Report 38 (ICRU-38) rectal and bladder points and the percentage of volumes receiving 50 %, 80 % and 100 % of the prescribed dose were analyzed and compared. Conventional point A plans were performed. The mean values of the bladder and rectal ICRU-38 point doses before packing, 109.93 % and 117.80 %, were lower after packing, 98.85 % and 94.93 %, respectively, with the difference not being significant (p = 0.013). The maximum point doses of the bladder and rectum were decreased by 20.12 % and 16.01 %, respectively. The mean-volume fractions of the bladder receiving 50 %, 80 % and 100 % of the reference dose were decreased by 8.29 %, 4.48 % and 2.64 % while the decrease of the mean-volume fractions for the rectum were relatively small at 4.44 %, 1.52 % and 1.20 %, respectively. However, this reduction was not significant based on a p value of about 0.15~0.81. While the dose at the reference point was decreased significantly due to the packing effects, the presence or the absence of packing had little effect on volumetric doses because the volumes enlarged by the packing effects were relatively small compared to the volume of either the entire bladder or the rectum itself. Packing is still needed as it could reduce the complications caused by the high point dose and decrease the maximum dose.
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