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      • KCI등재

        산업보건 및 환경분야에 대한 활동기준원가계산 및 관리의 응용

        백남원,박두용,마이클티브랜트,스티븐피르빈 한국산업위생학회 1996 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.6 No.1

        During the 1990s the workplace has grown more complex and business competition has increased world-wide. All organizations, whether for-profit or non-profit have been forced to respond to market changes. More advanced information and technology, greater product diversity, shorter product life cycles, increased quality requirements, more regulation oversight, decreasing productivity, more competitors, and increasing overhead costs have motivated organizations to focus on ways to deliver products cheaper, better, and faster. Many organizations are searching for ways to reduce costs through downsizing, reengineering business processes, implementing quality management, outsourcing, and improving cost management. Support departments that provide services internal to an organization such as human resources, legal, and environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) are often the first organization targeted for cost reduction and cost control initiatives because these functions are part of a rapidly increasing overhead cost. Recently, ES&H functions are increasingly being integrated into the business of business to contribute value to organization beyond mere compliance with ES&H regulations. The discussions and development of the ISO compatible Environmental Management Standards or Occupational Safety and Health Management Standards is another impetus to integrate ES&H function into the business of business. Thus, ES&H professional need new skills to analyze the cost of their function and communicate the value of the products and services they provide. In recent years, the need for and the importance developing cost management and business skills by ES&H professionals have been emphasized in the literature. Communicating with decision makers in terms of cost and value to the organization, and by using business language and business arguments is the first step toward effectively integrating ES&H activities into the business of business. Activity-based casting (ABC) is a cost management method that measures the cost of a product or service loosed on the actual use of resources by activities, and based on the actual amount of activities used to produce a product or service. ABC is recommended as a tool for managers of ES&H organizations to determine the cost of developing and providing ES&H products within a for-profit firm or non-profit agency. This paper discusses the trend of integration of ES&H functions into the mainstream of business activities within an organization. The general principles of traditional cost accounting are presented as a bases for understanding why and how ABC will provide more accurate estimates of cast. The principles and concepts of ABS are presented as a tool for determining mire accurately the true cost of ES&H products and services.

      • The Arabidopsis Transcription Factor NAC016 Promotes Drought Stress Responses by Repressing <i>AREB1</i> Transcription through a Trifurcate Feed-Forward Regulatory Loop Involving NAP

        Sakuraba, Yasuhito,Kim, Ye-Sol,Han, Su-Hyun,Lee, Byoung-Doo,Paek, Nam-Chon American Society of Plant Biologists 2015 The Plant cell Vol.27 No.6

        <P>The Arabidopsis transcription factor NAC016 activates drought stress responses by inducing <I>NAP</I> transcription and repressing <I>AREB1</I> transcription by binding to different regions of the <I>AREB1</I> promoter.</P><P>Drought and other abiotic stresses negatively affect plant growth and development and thus reduce productivity. The plant-specific NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors have important roles in abiotic stress-responsive signaling. Here, we show that <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> NAC016 is involved in drought stress responses; <I>nac016</I> mutants have high drought tolerance, and <I>NAC016</I>-overexpressing (<I>NAC016</I>-OX) plants have low drought tolerance. Using genome-wide gene expression microarray analysis and MEME motif searches, we identified the NAC016-specific binding motif (NAC16BM), GATTGGAT[AT]CA, in the promoters of genes downregulated in <I>nac016-1</I> mutants. The NAC16BM sequence does not contain the core NAC binding motif CACG (or its reverse complement CGTG). NAC016 directly binds to the NAC16BM in the promoter of <I>ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN1</I> (<I>AREB1</I>), which encodes a central transcription factor in the stress-responsive abscisic acid signaling pathway and represses <I>AREB1</I> transcription. We found that knockout mutants of the NAC016 target gene <I>NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED BY AP3/PI</I> (<I>NAP</I>) also exhibited strong drought tolerance; moreover, NAP binds to the <I>AREB1</I> promoter and suppresses <I>AREB1</I> transcription. Taking these results together, we propose that a trifurcate feed-forward pathway involving <I>NAC016</I>, <I>NAP</I>, and <I>AREB1</I> functions in the drought stress response, in addition to affecting leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.</P>

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Studies on the Efficacy of Combined Preparation of Crude Drugs(XXⅨ) : Effects of Kilkyungjigak-Tang on the Respiratory System, Blood Pressure and Isolated Ileum

        Nam Doo Hong,Young Soo Rho,Young Whan Cho,Soo Man Joo 한국생약학회 1985 생약학회지 Vol.16 No.4

        In order to investigate the pharmacological action of combined preparation of crude drugs, Kilkyungjigak-Tang A, B, C. were studies. Kilkyungjigak-Tang A consist of Platycodi Radix, Aurantii Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Zingiberis Rhizoma. Kilkyungjigak-Tang B consist of P.R., G.R. and Z.R. Kilkyungjigak-Tang C consist of A.F., G.R. Experimental studies were implemented on antitussive, hypotensive and ileum relaxing actions. The results showed that antitussive action was noted on mechanically irritated coughs in cats. Hypotensive action was recognized. Antagonistic actions were seen on Ach, BaCl₂ and histamine-induced contraction of the ileum in mice and guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Studies on the Efficacy of Combined Preparation of Crnde Drugs (XXⅧ) : Effects of Shihogesikungang-Tang on Analgesic, Sedative, Antiphyretic, Antinflammatory Actions and Cardiovascul

        Nam Doo Hong,Jong Woo Kim,Kyung Sub Lee,Nam Jae Kim,Myung Sik Yun 한국생약학회 1985 생약학회지 Vol.16 No.4

        Pharmacological studies on Shihogesikungang-Tang water extract were conducted. Analgesic activity as evaluated by writhing syndrome in mice was noted. A decrease in spontaneus movement, muscle relaxant activity and a prolongation of duration of thiopental-induced sleep were significantly shown in mice. An antipyretic activity in endotoxin febrile rats was recognized. Antiinflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced edema in rats was significantly noted. Negative inotropic action on isolated frog heart, vasodilative action in rabbit peripheral blood vessel and hypotension in anesthetized rabbit were remarkably recognized.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Enzymatic Synthesis of Cephaloglycin

        Doo-Hyun Nam,Heon-Soo Sohn,Dewey D. Y. Ryu Korean Chemical Society 1983 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.4 No.2

        Cephaloglycin was synthesized directly from D-${\alpha}$ -phenylglycine methyl ester and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid using whole cell enzyme of Xanthomonas citri (IFO 3835). Some optimal conditions for cephaloglycin synthesis were investigated, and yield improvements for its production by several methods were attempted. Using the whole cell enzyme system, the reaction kinetic model for cephaloglycin synthesis is proposed, and the kinetic constants for D-${\alpha}$ -phenylglycine methyl ester hydrolysis, cephaloglycin synthesis, and cephaloglycin hydrolysis were determined. The $K_m$ values of D-${\alpha}$-phenylglycine methyl ester, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, and cephaloglycin were 11 mM, 24 mM, and 167 mM, and $K_i$ value of D-${\alpha}$-phenylglycine was 15 mM, respectively. The pattern of product inhibition was found to be competitive one.

      • KCI등재

        Discovery of Novel 11β-HSD1 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening

        Nam-Doo Kim,Younho Lee,한창균,Soon-Kil Ahn 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.7

        The 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme is involved in modulation of glucocorticoid activity within target tissues. This enzyme may contribute to obesity and/or metabolic disease through its action in adipose or liver tissue. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 has major therapeutic potential for glucocorticoidassociated diseases, including obesity, diabetes (wound healing), and muscle atrophy. To develop such therapeutics, we performed a pharmacophore-based virtual screening (VS) for identification of novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitors and found that the VS hit compounds show potent inhibition of 11β-HSD1 enzyme activity. Further, we present a binding model for active compounds. The proposed pharmacophore may serve as a useful guideline for future design of new chemical entities as 11β-HSD1-targeted antidiabetic agents.

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        pH-Controlled Synthesis of Cephalexin by a Purified Acetobacter turbidans Ampicillin Acylase

        NAM, DOO HYUN,RYU, YEON WOO,DEWEY D. Y. RYU 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.2

        It has been known that, in enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin, the conversion yield was reduced by high loading of ampicillin acylase. In order to elucidate this phenomena, pH-controlled synthesis of cephalexin was examined using a purified Acetobacter turbidans acylase. When the pH of the reaction mixture was maintained at 6.20±0.04, the reduction of the maximal conversion rate was not observed even with high enzyme loading. The kinetic parameters also suggest that pH drop during the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin was mainly attributed to the rapid hydrolysis of D-α-phenylglycine methyl ester to D-α-phenylglycine, rather than the disappearance of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid for cephalexin synthesis. At higher molar ratio of two substrates, [D-α-phenylglycine methyl esterl/[7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid], the conversion rate was also elevated under pH-controlled enzymatic synthesis, which implies that the main reason for the pH drop is due to the production of D-α-phenylglycine. In order to reduce the hydrolysis of D-α-phenylglycine methyl ester, the effect of a water-methanol cosolvent system on the conversion profile was also examined. Even though the conversion rate was increased in 10% methanol solution, a higher than 16% methanol in the reaction mixture caused an inactivation of enzyme.

      • Review Articles-Biomolecular Engineering and Drug Development

        Nam, Doo-Hyun,Ryu, Dewey D. Y. 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1999 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.9 No.-

        Biomolecular engineering is a technology to create novel structures of high-value bio-molecules for use in medicine and industry, through the directed alteration of proteins and/or biologically active molecules in living cells to produce a novel biometabolites as well as engineered protein itself. For the development of new drugs by biomolecular en-gineering, desired biomolecules have to be rationally designed based on their structure-stability/structure-activity relationship, and then screened through well-established mutation and selection program. Over the past decade, there has been significant pro-gress in mutation and selection methodology; DNA shuffling technology mimicking natural evolution for artificial DNA recombination and phage-displayed combinatorial peptide library for rapid selection of proteins expressed from mutated genes. Bioinfor-matic tools including functional genomics and proteomics have been also developed for the ready access to the information related to the protein-function and genome-Protein,leading to the design and identification of new drug targets. Throughout the use of an enormous amount of bioinformatic databases, many protein/peptide drugs and biome-tabolite molecules have been designed The candidates of new drugs are monoclonal an-tibodies, vaccines, enzymes, antibiotics, therapeutic peptides, and so on. Two human-ized monoclonal antibodies approved by FDA became the first tine of drugs designed by biomolecular engineering approach. They are Herceptin and Synagis, far the treatment of breast cancer and pediatric respiratory syncytial viral infection, respectively. Many more newly engineered biomolecules are under developing for medicinal application. Some clinical trials fer therapeutic applications are now in progress, and very positive results are already anticipated.

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        Membrane Transporter Genes in Cephabacin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Lysobacter lactamgenus

        Nam, Doo Hyun,Lim, Si Kyu,Chung, Min Ho,Lee, Eung Seok,Sohn, Young Sun,Dewey D.Y.Ryu 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.1

        In order to clone the peptide synthetase gene from Lysobacter lactamgenus IFO 14,288, the gene fragments were amplified using primers for the adenylation domain and the thionylation domain of the peptide synthetase genes in other organisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resulting 0.5-kb fragment was cloned in a pGEM-T vector, and the nucleotide sequences were determined. Six different PCR products were obtained; three were identified to be a part of L-α-aminoadipyl-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) synthetase and three to be other peptide synthetases. Using each of the two different classes of PCR products as mixed probes, a cosmid library of L lactamgenus chromosomal DNA constructed in a pHC79 vector was screened by an in situ hybridization procedure, and one positive clone was selected which was bound by peptide synthetase gene fragments as well as ACV synthetase gene fragments. The partial sequence analysis from the obtained pPTS-5 cosmid showed the presence of more than two open reading frames. These were for two putative membrane transporters, which were homologous with several integral membrane proteins including the ABC transporter ATP-binding protein of E. coli (YbjZ) and the metal ion uptake protein of Bacillus subtilis (YvrN). A 45% homology was also found between the two transporter proteins at the carboxy terminus. Through a hydropathy analysis and transmembrane analysis, 4-5 transmembrane domains were found in these two proteins. When the genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, the gene products inhibited the host cell growth, probably due to the disturbance of the membrane transport system.

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