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도시방재력 강화를 위한 재해 리스크 커뮤니케이션에 관한 연구 - 리스크 커뮤니케이션의 도구로서 해저드 맵의 활용을 중심으로 -
Dongwha Kwack 한국재난정보학회 2017 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 한국 도시의 방재력 강화를 위하여 리스크 커뮤니케이션의 중요성과 방법을 고찰하고 리스크 커뮤니케이션의 도구로서 해저드 맵의 활용 및 개선의 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 한국과 일본의 해저드 맵을 비교 평가하고, 최근 일본에서 활발하게 실천되고 있는 방재 맵 만들기 사례를 분석하였다. 연구의 결과, 한국에서 작성되고 있는 해저드 맵의 활용 및 개선을 위한 5가지 안이 도출되었고, 리스크 개념의 사회적 확산이 도시 방재력 강화에 커다란 도움이 될 수 있다는 것이 파악되었다. The purpose of this study is to propose the methods for utilization and improvement of hazard map as a tool of risk communication, through the studying the importance and method of risk communication for the improvement of urban resilience. The comparative evaluation between hazard maps of Korea and Japan is done, and the cases of hazard map making is analyzed. 5 proposals are summarized for hazard map utilization.
도시방재력 강화를 위한 재해 리스크 커뮤니케이션에 관한 연구 -리스크 커뮤니케이션의 도구로서 해저드 맵의 활용을 중심으로-
Kwack, Dongwha 한국재난정보학회 2017 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.3
The purpose of this study is to propose the methods for utilization and improvement of hazard map as a tool of risk communication, through the studying the importance and method of risk communication for the improvement of urban resilience. The comparative evaluation between hazard maps of Korea and Japan is done, and the cases of hazard map making is analyzed. 5 proposals are summarized for hazard map utilization.
Heejin Pyo,Dongwha Kwack 한국재난정보학회 2017 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
최근 기후변화, 도시화 등으로 도시의 환경이 변화함에 따라 재해가 빈번하게 일어나고 있다. 이와 같은 상황을 해결하기 위해 건축가 및 도시계획가에 의해 다양한 도시방재디자인이 실험되고 있고, 새로운 방재기법인 리질리언스 개념이 적용되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 건축가 및 도시계획가에 의해 제시된 도시방재디자인 사례를 연구대상으로 하여 도시방재디자인의 유형과 리질리언스 특성을 분석하였고, 더 나아가 지속가능한 도시방재디자인을 위한 방향을 제안하였다. Recently, urban environments are changing due to climate change and urbanization. Because of these, Urban disasters occur frequently. To solve this situation, the architects and urban planners have been presenting urban disaster prevention design, and the concepts of resilience are utilized in urban disaster prevention design. In this study, we analyzed the cases of urban disaster prevention design presented by architects and urban planners, and grasped the types and resilience characteristics of urban disaster prevention design. Further, the direction of urban disaster prevention design was proposed in the point of sustainability.
The System of City Planning and Development in North Korea
Sukwoo Yang,Dongwha Kwack 대한건축학회 2014 Architectural research Vol.16 No.3
South and North Korea, the divided nations on the Korean peninsula, began with the same modern city planning system, but following the adoption of different national ideologies?capitalism and socialism?, they established their own city planning system and developed their cities accordingly. However, the process of planning and developing a joint city of Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) led to the recognition about the need to bridge the differences and prepare for future joint development. This study examines North Korea’s city planning system by comparing the two Koreas’ systems, and identify the characteristics of North Korea’s city planning system through a case analysis of the KIC. By comparing two cases, we found two distinct characteristics of North Korea’s. The one is a tool for realizing ideologies and maintaining national system. The other one is that it is ideology-oriented system for the supreme leader and party while South Korea has control-oriented system for the public. We analyze the KIC case based on four pillars: planning system, development system and procedure, master plan, and use behaviors. Result of analysis shows that in KIC there are many socialistic features as we mentioned above in terms of planning system, urban design & structure, and use behavior even though a private enterprise-Hyundai Asan, in South Korea led the whole process. This study is meaningful in that it identifies the specific characteristics of North Korea’s city planning focusing on the KIC and is expected to serve as a baseline material to set the future direction for North Korea’s development.
Pyo, Heejin,Kwack, Dongwha 한국재난정보학회 2017 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
Recently, urban environments are changing due to climate change and urbanization. Because of these, Urban disasters occur frequently. To solve this situation, the architects and urban planners have been presenting urban disaster prevention design, and the concepts of resilience are utilized in urban disaster prevention design. In this study, we analyzed the cases of urban disaster prevention design presented by architects and urban planners, and grasped the types and resilience characteristics of urban disaster prevention design. Further, the direction of urban disaster prevention design was proposed in the point of sustainability.
Yang, Sukwoo,Kwack, Dongwha Architectural Institute of Korea 2014 Architectural research Vol.16 No.3
South and North Korea, the divided nations on the Korean peninsula, began with the same modern city planning system, but following the adoption of different national ideologies-capitalism and socialism-, they established their own city planning system and developed their cities accordingly. However, the process of planning and developing a joint city of Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) led to the recognition about the need to bridge the differences and prepare for future joint development. This study examines North Korea's city planning system by comparing the two Koreas' systems, and identify the characteristics of North Korea's city planning system through a case analysis of the KIC. By comparing two cases, we found two distinct characteristics of North Korea's. The one is a tool for realizing ideologies and maintaining national system. The other one is that it is ideology-oriented system for the supreme leader and party while South Korea has control-oriented system for the public. We analyze the KIC case based on four pillars: planning system, development system and procedure, master plan, and use behaviors. Result of analysis shows that in KIC there are many socialistic features as we mentioned above in terms of planning system, urban design & structure, and use behavior even though a private enterprise-Hyundai Asan, in South Korea led the whole process. This study is meaningful in that it identifies the specific characteristics of North Korea's city planning focusing on the KIC and is expected to serve as a baseline material to set the future direction for North Korea's development.
공동주택단지 보행자전용도로의 기능 확장과 개선방안 사례연구
김진희 ( Kim¸ Jinhee ),곽동화 ( Kwack¸ Dongwha ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7
(Background and Purpose) After industrialization in Korea in the 1960s, urbanization progressed and quantity-oriented apartments were supplied. Apartments, existing exclusively in an urban space, caused a disconnect from the outside world. Consequently, the role and importance of pedestrian spaces that constitute the exterior space of apartment housing were overlooked. The pedestrian-only roads are not only an axis space for passage or movement, but are also a space that can be converted into an area where residents' living functions and interaction with neighbors occur as the smallest unit constituting a local community. This study examines the functional expansion of pedestrian-only roads in residential complexes, proposing the role and effectiveness of pedestrian-only roads for the regeneration of residential complexes. (Method) The study subject selected was pedestrian-only roads between residential complexes, that actively linked to neighboring urban infrastructures. The spatial scope of the study are the pedestrian-only roads between Sorae Humansia Complex 1 and 3 in Namdong-gu, Incheon, with a width of about 9m and a length of about 334m. First, the qualitative components of the pedestrian environment and activities that occur in the pedestrian space are considered through previous studies and literature data. Second, the framework of the analysis is prepared based on theoretical consideration; additionally, behavior observation and pedestrian environment survey are conducted through field observation. Third, an improvement plan for pedestrian-only roads is derived and the direction is proposed by combining the analysis results. Fourth, the effectiveness of the improvement plan is examined through expert evaluation. (Results) Because of the analysis of pedestrian behavior and the qualitative evaluation of the pedestrian environment, most of the current pedestrian-only roads showed behaviors of essential activities, such as walking, and other functions of the pedestrian space―except usability, safety, and comfort ―were low. Thus, the improvement of pedestrian-only roads was derived, and the improvement plan was proposed following the direction of the spatial plan. Rest and community spaces were created using unused spaces; commercial and cultural education facilities were created using existing housing; and public activities and cultural program s were created through the corridor-type arrangement of community facilities. (Conclusions) In this study, the pedestrian-only road―generally constructed in apartment complexes of a certain size or larger in Korea, was expanded to function as public property shared by the community and to maximize its function as a space to interact with the local community. This improvement direction is meaningful in that it can form new communities with neighbors and solve social problems, such as disconnection and alienation. Further, it can be a reference for the improvement plans of other pedestrian-only roads.
공공주택 공유공간의 계획 경향에 관한 연구 -대한민국 공공주택 설계 공모대전을 중심으로-
김진희 ( Kim Jinhee ),곽동화 ( Kwack Dongwha ),나현규 ( Na Hyeongyu ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.3
(Background and Purpose) In the process of industrialization, Korea has been supplying high-density residential apartments to solve the problem of housing shortages. The apartments that were developed by maximizing the area of unit housing and minimized sharing space resulted in a lack of community. To solve these problems, changes to community recovery have been attempted in recent Public Housing proposals and plans to use sharing space as a central point have been proposed. In addition, new plans for sharing space are also being proposed as people's daily lives change due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to propose the direction of developing sharing space by identifying the planning characteristics and trends of sharing space in the recent Public Housing plan. (Method) The subjects of the research analysis were the winners of the 2019 and 2020 Public Housing Design Competition. As a research method, theoretical considerations of such sharing space is conducted. Based on this, the components of the sharing space were derived through case analysis by Public Housing type. The relationship between physical spatial planning characteristics of derived elements and programs was analyzed to identify the tendency of Public Housing sharing space. (Results) The components of sharing space can grasp the different physical space characteristics depending on the type of Public Rental Housing, and the results of the comprehensive analysis are as follows. First, the path of the intermediate territoriality is designed as a through-type path in the complex considering the context of the surrounding urban organization, and local residents tend to use it together. Second, in general, the yard tends to be designed for both internal type and open type, distinguishing the space of residents from the space available to local residents. Third, when community facilities face two sides of the yard, the yard forms closed spaces and open spaces depending on whether they face an inner yard or an open yard. Fourth, when intermediate territoriality interacts with local residents, a continuous flow of intermediate territoriality and programs can help increase contact between local residents and residents. In addition, a new trend of sharing space for COVID-19 Prevention induces selective or essential encounters in sharing space through the distributed placement of through-type paths and internal yards. (Conclusions) As a result of this study, the recent Public Housing plan showed a tendency to plan an independent sharing space for residents and sharing space for the local residents in addition to the trend of sharing spaces to prevent COVID-19. Therefore, this study will serve as the basis for revitalizing the residents' community and strengthening the local community by presenting the direction of development when planning the sharing space of Public Housing in the future.
사회적 교류의 장으로서 학교와 노인복지관의 복합화 공간계획
이도현 ( Lee Dohyun ),곽동화 ( Kwack Dongwha ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.7
(Background and purpose) Korea’s population is rapidly aging, and there is a lack of facilities, especially in old downtown areas. On the other hand, the quality of life quality has improved and needs of living SOC has increased. In case of schools, experience-oriented education linked to the region has become important, and there is an increased need to change typical spaces. The school complex project was conducted only due to its business feasibility, and similar programs have been applied without considering the regionality. This study aims to demonstrate the possibility of new space planning for a complexation of a welfare center for the aged and an elementary school. (Method) A literature review and case analysis was conducted. Problems caused by the rapid aging of the population and the example of Japan were analyzed to derive the direction of the design. The findings were summed and analyzed, revealing the characteristics of cases analyzed in prior research and current projects for the complexation of public facilities promoted in Japan. The direction of the planning derived as a result of the analysis was applied to the design. (Results) 1) Safety, 2) Exchange Space, 3) Accessibility, and 4) Local Environment were derived accordingly. In addition, a) active retaining and using of outer space, b) separation of moving flow and entrance were applied through the analysis of projects currently underway. The site is Incheon Insu Elementary School, selected by comparing the ratio of empty classrooms, the aging of facilities, and the distribution density of the elderly population around the site, focusing on elementary schools within the neighborhood district unit in consideration of “accessibility.” The first design concept was “Together or Separately,” and access was separated by analyzing each user’s accessibility. In addition, by breaking away from the existing formalized school space and positioning low-rise mass distributed, various outdoor group activities could be respected. The space of the greenhouse could promote social exchanges between the elderly and students while separating the facilities. The second design concept was “gathering and dispersing,” where an underground space is assigned to each user group as a gathering and exchanging space, and on the ground level, each user can carry out their schedules. (Conclusion) This study applied the public facility complex of elementary schools and senior welfare centers to actual sites and proposed a new space to prevent social isolation among the elderly and respect the diversity of children to cope with the upcoming era of a demographic cliff. The proposed plan may be difficult to uniformly implement because it facilitates the interests of the relevant groups and space needs vary as per the region. However, the design direction and corresponding space elements are meaningful and valuable to be applied to school complexes as places for social interaction in the future.
이석현(Seokhyun Lee),곽동화(Dongwha Kwack) 한국디자인학회 2016 디자인학연구 Vol.29 No.3
Background The purpose of this research is to examine perspectives, promotion process, and methods of participatory crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) project and to derive ways for project improvement, which centers on a case study of Suwon-si Pajang-dong. Methods Through a theoretical study of CPTED, we first systemize the perspective, methods, and the basic methods and process of a participatory safe community building. Second, we focus on a case study of Suwon-si Pajang-dong. Third, we systemize promotion methods and process and contents of a participatory CPTED project. Fourth, we derive ways to improve the project. Results The importance of organic connections was systematized through a pedestrian network by expanding the scope and access method for the overhaul of a street environment. To achieve this, it is required to establish resident-led plans for CPTED through a resident’s cooperation system from the planning area rather than through administrative environment improvement. Establishing a planning direction for the diagnosis of safety problems of the downtown area by applying a design plan and review process is also required. Conclusions This research proposed implications through an analysis on the basic views of the participatory process of CPTED of an old downtown area. The design analyses is actually applied through an evaluation after the application of the detailed designs and on the ’ level. This study can provide objectivity for the improvement of participative CPTED suitable to each individual space.