정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

HAZARD ANALYSIS USING MULTI-COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN CHEMICAL PROCESSES

Kim,Ku-Hwoi,Lee,Dong-Eon n,Kim,Yonhg-Ha,Yoon,En-Sup 한국화재소방학회 2001 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.추계

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

Organic Solar Cells: Solution‐Processable Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Novel Alternative to PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layers for Highly Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells (Adv. Mater. 42/2011)

Yun, Jin‐,Mun,Yeo, Jun‐,Seok,Kim, Juhwan,Jeong, Hyung‐,Gu,Kim, Dong‐,Yu,Noh, Yong‐,Jin,Kim, Seok‐,Soon,Ku, Bon‐,Cheol,Na, Seok‐,In WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Materials Vol.23 No.42

<P>Solution‐processable reduced graphene oxide as a hole‐transporting layer for highly efficient and stable organic solar cells is reported on page 4923 by Dong‐Yu Kim, Seok‐In Na, and co‐workers. Introduction of a newly reduced graphene oxide by simple solution processing into solar cells dramatically raises the cell efficiency and cell life‐time. The results will allow full use of chemically reduced graphene and will advance the realization of carbon‐based printable optoelectronic devices. </P>

초등 교육 발전에 기여하는 교육대학의 현장지도 역할에 관한 연구

김성회 / 이종철 / 전구호 / 정용팔 / 최동준 / 문낙주 공주교육대학교 초등연구원 1977 公州敎大論叢 Vol.13 No.2

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홧병연구에 대한 검토와 전망

구병수,김동일 東國大學校 1997 東國論叢 Vol.36 No.-

Hwabyung has been well known as form of psychosomatic illness among Korean. But hwabyung does not fit into any category of the traditional oriental medicine and western psychiatry. Common Korean peoples recognize the conception of hwabyung so, we regard it as a Korean culture-bound syndrome. Chiljeung(七情), the emotional stresses are similar to Hwa. And the symptoms of hwabyung are similar to psychosomatic disease, vegetative dystonie and perimenopausal symptoms like hot flush, depression, anxiety, and irritability. We think that Ganul(肝鬱), Shinheu(腎虛) and Shimsinbulgyo(心腎不交) are important pathologic bases of the hwabyung. We expect the cross-cultural study and broad clinical study for hwabyung.

Mo¨ssbauer Effect of the Lithium- and Cesium- nitrosylpentacyanoferrates(Ⅱ)

김일구,류상훈,김형상,홍치유,심동훈,김순구 동국대학교 자연과학연구원 2000 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

We observed the 57Fe Mo¨ssbauer spectra and Fourier transformation infrared spectra & X-ray fluorescence spectra of lithium nitrosylpentacyanoferrates(Ⅱ) (Li₂[Fe(CN)5NO]·4H₂O, Li₂NP) and cesium nitrosylpentacyanoferrates(Ⅱ) (Cs₂[Fe(CN)5NO]·H₂O, Cs₂NP) samples which comprise nitrosylpentacyanoferrates(Ⅱ) anions with a Fe atom center. The Mo¨ssbauer parameters, values of isomer shift and quadrupole splitting have been measured at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. Also the Mo¨ssbauer Lamb factors of all samples have been measured at room temperature. We have drawn the experimental line width of the Mo¨ssbauer lines normalized to natural line width Γn versus effective thickness of 57Fe.

LRFD 설계법에 의한 강박스거더 합성형교 설계 프로그램

김천용,권태형,이창열,신동구 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-

A C++ based computer program for the design of composite steel-concrete box girder by the LRFD method is developed. The program consists of a main program, a header program, and 16 function programs. The load analysis for live and dead loads is performed by using the influence line based on the 3-moment method. For the design of box girder, strength limit states, fatigue limit state, and service limit state are considered. In addition, the constructibility of the girder is also checked. The validity of the program is demonstrated by comparing the design result for 3-span continuous box girder by the present program with the one by hand-calculation.

황동ㆍ청동 주물제 조리 기구(불판)의 납 용출 특성

김동필,이효구 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1998 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Pb migration by changing the temperature and the leaching solution by Pb amount using Pb contained brass and bronze casting barbecue BULPANs being used at Korean restaurant. The results are as follows. 1. In the leaching experiment by water and 1∼4% acetic acid solution, asthe leaching temperature incresed from 60 to 100℃, Pb amount in the leaching solution also tended to increase. 2. In the leaching experiment by acetic acid solution, as the acetic acid concentration in the leaching solution increased from 0 to 4%, Pb amount in the resulting solution also tended to increase. 3. As acetic acid concentration in the leaching solution increased, Pb leaching amount from brass casting increased even more than from bronze casting. Howeber, even if the leaching temperature increased, Pb leaching amount ratio from brass vs. bronz casting was maintained at constant level. 4. At repetitive leaching tests, in case of brass casting, Pb amount nearly didn't change, but in case of bronze casting, it showed an irregular tendency due to the properties of Pb content in the material. 5. Pb leaching amount by pseudo-Bulgogi source solution (pH 4.5, salt concentration 3.0%) showed a similar tendency to the result by 1% acetic acid solution.

응급실로 내원한 자살 시도자의 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도와 자살 심각도의 상관성

김용구,이헌정,이민수,곽동일 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 : 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하 혹은 이의 치료가 자살, 폭력적 행동, 그리고 우울증과 관련이 있다는 역학적, 임상적 보고들이 대두되었다. 본 연구에서는 첫째, 자살시도후 응급실로 내원한 정신과 환자의 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도가 자살시도가 없었던 정신과 입원환자 혹은 정상대조군에 비하여 감소되어 있는지, 둘째, 진단별로 분류하였을 때 우울증, 정신분열증, 인격장애 환자사이에 유의한 차이가 있는지, 셋째, 자살 심각도와 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도간에 유의한 상관관계가 있는지를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 1994년 1월부터 1997년 7월까지 자살시도후 응급실로 내원한 정신과 환자 102명을 연구대상군으로 하였으며, 동 기간에 본원 정신과에서 입원 치료를 받은 자살시도가 없었던 환자 중 대상군과 나이, 성별, 진단을 일치시킨 102명의 환자대조군과 무작위로 102명의 정상 대조군을 선택하였다. 자살시도자는 자살의 심각도에 따라 5단계군으로 분류하였다. 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도는 효소법에 의한 자동분석기로 측정되었다. 연구결과 : 자살시도 환자군이 자살시도가 없었던 환자군과 정상대조군에 비해 콜레스테롤 농도의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 진단적으로 구분해서 살펴보면, 우울증에서는 이런한 차이가 유의하였으나, 정신분열병과 인격장애에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 낮은 콜레스테롤 농도는 자살시도의 심각도와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과는 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하가 자살시도의 위험을 증가시킨다는 이전의 주장들을 지지 해주는 결과로 사료된다. 이러한 관련성이 정신분열병이나 인격장애에서는 없었으나, 우울증에서만 있었다. 이는 낮은 콜레스테롤 농도와 자살행동사이의 연관성이 우울증에서 보이는 생물학적 기전과 관련이 있을 가능성을 제기하고 있다. 우울증에서 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하는 세로토닌, 인터루킨-2 그리고 멜라토닌 대사와 관련될 수 있다. Objectives : Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that low cholesterol levels or clinical trials to reduce cholesterol concentrations may be associated with suicide, violent behavior or depression. The aim of the present study was to determined ⅰ) whether suicidal psychiatric patients is characterized by decreased serum cholesterol concentration ;ⅱ) whether significant difference of cholesterol levels might be present according to the psychiatric diagnosis, and ⅲ) whether significant association between suicide severity and cholesterol levels might be present. Method : The subjects were 102 psychiatric patients who were admitted to emergency ward following an attempted suicide during the period from January 1994 to July 1997 and 102 age, and sex matched psychiatric controls who were consecutively admitted to a psychiatric ward during the same period, and 102 age, sex matched healthy normal controls. The suicide attempters were divided into 5 grades according to the suicide severity. Serum cholesterol concentrations were measured by a enzymatic method. Results : The serum cholesterol level in suicidal attempters were found to be significantly lower compared with both psychiatric and normal controls. This significant relationship between suicidal attempt and low cholesterol level was observed only in depressive patients, but not in schizophrenics or personality disorder patients. Low cholesterol was significantly associated with the severity of the suicide. Conclusions : These results support the previous finding that low cholesterol level might be associated with an increased risk of suicide. The fact that the significant relationship was observed only in depressive disorder, but not in schizophrenia or personality disorder raises the possibility that the association between low serum cholesterol and suicidal behavior may have relevance to biological mechanisms in depression. It is hypothesized that low cholesterol levels would be associated with depression by modifying the serotonin, the production of interleukin-2 and melatonin metabolism.