패스트푸드 프랜차이즈 중국진출의 경영전략에 관한 연구 : 대만 “용허두장(永和豆漿)” 사례 중심으로

우덕호 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2007 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.6 No.1

기업의 세계화(globalization)는 현재 범세계적인 추세이다. 세계화 현상은 외식산업의 판도를 완전히 바꾸어 놓았다. 소위 선진국의 대자본 프랜차이즈 산업이 세계 구석구석 전파되고 있는 것이다. 자국문화와 음식에 대한 자부심이 매우 강한 중국에서조차 선진국의 프랜차이즈 외식업체들은 그 위용을 발휘하고 있다. 미국의 맥도널드, KFC, 피자헛 등 선진국 프랜차이즈 외식업체들은 막대한 자금력, 축적된 노하우(know-how), 그리고 동시성 (simultaneity)을 갈망하는 중국인의 소비욕구를 이용하여 중국외식 프랜차이즈 산업에 급속도로 점점 확대되고 있다. 그동안 선진국 기업의 독점영역이라고 여겨왔던 프랜차이즈 산업에 “용허두장”이라는 대만의 작은 식품 기업이 새로운 변화를 불러일으키고 있다. 원래 중국인은 노점에서 콩국과 油條(기름에 튀긴 빵)등 아침식사를 포장하여 집에서 식사했던 풍속이 있었다. “용허두장”은 1995년 중국 상해에 진출하여 맥도널드처럼 깨끗한 식당분위기 및 배달서비스 등을 통해서 노점에서 판매하던 중국식 아침 식사를 패스트푸드(Fast Food)로 개발하여 현재 중국각지에서 160여개 이상의 가맹점을 운영하며 상해의 아침식사 문화를 바꾸어 놓았다. 본 연구는 이런 선진국이 독점하던 중국의 패스트푸드 외식산업에 “용허두장”이라는 대만의 중급 브랜드가 성공할 수 있었던 요인에 대해 분석을 시도한다. The trend for companies to pursue globalization is a world-wide one. This globalization phenomenon has completely changed the landscape of the food service industry as large-capital franchises of developed countries have been spread all over the world. Even in China where people are very proud of their own culture and food, franchised food service businesses of advanced nations are wielding their power. McDonald's, KFC Corporation and Pizza Hut with abundant funding capacity and accumulated knowhow have rapidly had a hold over Chinese food service franchise industry as they use the desire for consumption of the Chinese who long for simultaneity. A small-sized Taiwanese food company initiates a change in the franchised food industry in China thought to be a field almost entirely monopolized by advanced nations' businesses. A small soy-bean milk manufacturer named Yonho Doujiang which was founded in 1985 in Yonho city, Taiwan, advanced into Shanghai, China in 1995 and has changed the breakfast culture in the city. Originally, Chinese people have a custom to eat at home breakfast delivered from traditional roadside food stands. Yonho Doujiang developed these Chinese breakfast of soy-bean milk and youtiao(fried bread stick) sold in street food stalls into fast food and has sensationally caught on in China with clean interior atmosphere, prompt delivery service and premium-offering events similar to those of McDonald's. And now it is operating over 160 affiliated restaurants around the country. This study aims at analysing the factors that make Yonho Doujiang, a Taiwanese brand, achieve success in Chinese food service business that has long been monopolized by the companies of developed nations.

Atomically thin p–n junctions with van der Waals heterointerfaces

Lee, Chul-Ho,Lee, Gwan-Hyoung,van der Zande, Arend M.,Chen, Wenchao,Li, Yilei,Han, Minyong,Cui, Xu,Arefe, Ghidewon,Nuckolls, Colin,Heinz, Tony F.,Guo, Jing,Hone, James,Kim, Philip Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature nanotechnology Vol.9 No.9

Semiconductor p–n junctions are essential building blocks for electronic and optoelectronic devices. In conventional p–n junctions, regions depleted of free charge carriers form on either side of the junction, generating built-in potentials associated with uncompensated dopant atoms. Carrier transport across the junction occurs by diffusion and drift processes influenced by the spatial extent of this depletion region. With the advent of atomically thin van der Waals materials and their heterostructures, it is now possible to realize a p–n junction at the ultimate thickness limit. Van der Waals junctions composed of p- and n-type semiconductors—each just one unit cell thick—are predicted to exhibit completely different charge transport characteristics than bulk heterojunctions. Here, we report the characterization of the electronic and optoelectronic properties of atomically thin p–n heterojunctions fabricated using van der Waals assembly of transition-metal dichalcogenides. We observe gate-tunable diode-like current rectification and a photovoltaic response across the p–n interface. We find that the tunnelling-assisted interlayer recombination of the majority carriers is responsible for the tunability of the electronic and optoelectronic processes. Sandwiching an atomic p–n junction between graphene layers enhances the collection of the photoexcited carriers. The atomically scaled van der Waals p–n heterostructures presented here constitute the ultimate functional unit for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.

International comparison CCQM-K111.1-propane in nitrogen

van der Veen, Adriaan M H,van der Hout, J Wouter,Ziel, Paul R,Jozela, Mudalo,Tshilongo, James,Ntsasa, Napo G,Botha, Angelique IOP Publishing 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.1

A Design of Motion Control Law for UAV

Der-Cherng Liaw,Li-Feng Tsai 제어로봇시스템학회 2020 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

In this paper, a study of the nonlinear dynamical behavior of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is presented. Based on a given mathematical model of quad-rotor UAV, all of the possible operational modes with given control input is discussed. Motion control law is also proposed for achieving a given desired operation mode by using back-stepping control approach. Simulation results are obtained to demonstrate the success of the proposed design.

Optical Axis Alignment for Three-Aspherical Mirrors System Using Five Parallel Laser Beams and Moiré Method

Der-Chin Chen 한국정밀공학회 2013 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

In this paper, a new optical technique involving the five parallel laser beams alignment device and moiré method was developed to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of three-aspherical mirrors system (TAMS). In this method, the optical axis of a first aspherical mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence. The height and orientation of the first aspherical mirror are fine tuned and the alignment is assured by examining the direction of these five reflected laser beams. The optical axes of second and third aspherical mirror are aligned by five parallel laser beams in accordance with the configuration parameter of optical system in sequence. The effective focal length (EFL) of the TAMS was measured by moiré method and image formula. This novel method is used to align the optical axis of TAMS and the EFL deviation estimated has an accuracy of 1%.

Electromagnetic actuator design for the control of light structures

Der Hagopian, Johan,Mahfoud, Jarir Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.1

An ElectroMagnetic Actuator (EMA) is designed and assessed numerically and experimentally. The EMA has the advantage to be without contact with the structure so it could be applied to light and small mechanism. Nevertheless, the open-loop instability and the nonlinear dynamic behavior with respect to the excitation frequency could limit its application field. The EMA is designed and dimensioned as a function of the experimental structure to be controlled. An inverse model of the EMA is proposed in order to implement a linear action block for the used frequency range. The control strategy is a fuzzy controller with displacements and velocities as inputs. A fuzzy controller of Takagi-Sugeno type is used. The air gap is estimated by using a modal approximation of the displacements issued from all measurements. Several configurations of control are assessed by using numerical simulations. The block diagram used for numerical simulations is implemented under Dspace$^{(R)}$ environment. The implemented controller was tested experimentally in the context of impact perturbations. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the developed procedures and the robustness of the implemented control.

Load Voltage Tracking of Electric Power Systems by Using Backstepping Design

Der-Cherng Liaw,Shih-Tse Chang,Yun-Hua Huang,Jen-Tze Huang,Tzu-Chung Yenn 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

A backstepping controller design is proposed for the load voltage tracking of electric power system. It is known that a power system might exhibit saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations as load change, which can lead to the appearance of dynamic and/or static voltage collapses. The output tracking control laws are proposed for the load voltage regulation of the electric power system via backstepping control scheme. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed control scheme not only could provide the regulation of the load voltage but also prevent and/or delay the appearance of bifurcation phenomena and chaotic behavior.

Prognostic implications of stromal hyaluronic acid protein expression in resected oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers

Der Sheng Sun,Hye Sung Won,Soon Auck Hong,Ji Hyung Hong,Heejoon Jo,Heejin Lee,Okran Kim,Myung Ah Lee,Yoon Ho Ko 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.2

Background/Aims: Hyaluronic acid (HA) regulates cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in various cancers. The clinical implications of HA in resected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have not been elucidated. We investigated the clinical significance and prognostic value of the expression of tumoral and stromal HA and its related proteins in oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer. Methods: Resected tissues from oropharyngeal or oral cavity cancer patients undergoing surgery were analysed in tissue microarrays divided into stroma and cancer panels. The expression levels of HA, HA synthases and hyaluronidases were also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 160 resected oropharyngeal or oral cavity cancer tissues were analysed. Stromal HA expression was observed more frequently in human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative tumors, but other clinicopathological characteristics did not differ. In patients with HPV-negative oral cavity cancers, high stromal HA expression was associated with significantly shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival compared with low stromal HA expression. The expression of HA in both tumors and stroma was significantly correlated with poorer outcomes than other combinations in patients with HPV-negative oral cavity cancers. However, these prognostic roles of HA were not observed in patients with HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers. In the HPV-stratified multivariate analysis, high stromal HA expression remained an independent indicator of poor prognosis in terms of recurrence-free survival. Conclusions: High stromal HA and expression of HA in both tumors and stroma were correlated with poor prognosis in HPV-negative oral cavity cancer, but not in HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers.

Free vibration analysis of a Timoshenko beam carrying multiple spring-mass systems with the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia

Der-Wei Chen,Jee-Ray Wang,Tsung-Lung Liu 국제구조공학회 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.1

Because of complexity, the literature regarding the free vibration analysis of a Timoshenko beam carrying “multiple” spring-mass systems is rare, particular that regarding the “exact” solutions. As to the “exact” solutions by further considering the joint terms of shear deformation and rotary inertia in the differential equation of motion of a Timoshenko beam carrying multiple concentrated attachments, the information concerned is not found yet. This is the reason why this paper aims at studying the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a uniform Timoshenko beam carrying multiple intermediate spring-mass systems using an exact as well as a numerical assembly method. Since the shear deformation and rotary inertia terms are dependent on the slenderness ratio of the beam, the shear coefficient of the cross-section, the total number of attachments and the support conditions of the beam, the individual and/or combined effects of these factors on the result are investigated in details. Numerical results reveal that the effect of the shear deformation and rotary inertia joint terms on the lowest five natural frequencies of the combined vibrating system is somehow complicated.

A Feedback Linearization Design for the Control of Vehicle’s Lateral Dynamics

Der-Cherng Liaw,Wen-Ching Chung,Chau-Chung Song,Chien-Shu Hsieh 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10