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ACCIDENTS & INJURIES IN INTERNATIONAL AIR LAW : THE CLASH OF THE TITANS
Dempsey, Paul Stephen Korea Society of Air Space Law and Policy 2009 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.24 No.2
This Article examines what is contemplated by the term "accident," what is meant by "bodily injury," and what damages are recoverable under Article 17 of both the Warsaw Convention of 1929 and the Montreal Convention of 1999. It examines differences in the jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court, the UK House of Lords, and the Australian High Court in interpreting these terms, and the problems posed by these different interpretations in achieving the uniformity of international aviation liability law contemplated by the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions.
Accidents & Injuries In International Air Law: The Clash Of The Titans
( Paul Stephen Dempsey ) 한국항공우주정책·법학회 2009 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.24 No.2
This Article examines what is contemplated by the term accident, what is meant by bodily injury, and what damages are recoverable under Article 17 of both the Warsaw Convention of 1929 and the Montreal Convention of 1999. It examines differences in the jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court, the UK House of Lords, and the Australian High Court in interpreting these terms, and the problems posed by these different interpretations in achieving the uniformity of international aviation liability law contemplated by the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions.
Enhanced iron oxidation to improve AMD treatment
Brian A. Dempsey,Jon Dietz,Woosik Jung,전병훈 한국자원공학회 2012 Geosystem engineering Vol.15 No.3
Fe(II) and acidity are the most commonly encountered contaminants in acid mine drainage (AMD). Passive treatment for AMD involves addition of alkalinity, aerobic processes that result in oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) oxides, and anoxic treatments in which sulfate is reduced to sulfide with consequent precipitation of Fe(II) sulfides. Alkalinity is usually provided by dissolution of limestone in passive treatments or by addition of lime or caustic in active systems. This paper focuses on the chemistry of AMD treatment, the mechanisms and the rates of oxidation of Fe(II) to produce Fe(III) oxides and strategies that can be used to manipulate the treatment chemistry in order to control the rate of oxidation and the quality of the residual Fe(III) oxides.
Tanvi Karnik,Sandi G. Dempsey,Micheal J. Jerram,Arun Nagarajan,Ravindra Rajam,Barnaby C. H. May,Christopher H. Miller 한국생체재료학회 2019 생체재료학회지 Vol.23 No.1
Background: Antimicrobial technologies, including silver-containing medical devices, are increasingly utilized in clinical regimens to mitigate risks of microbial colonization. Silver-functionalized resorbable biomaterials for use in wound management and tissue regeneration applications have a narrow therapeutic index where antimicrobial effectiveness may be outweighed by adverse cytotoxicity. We examined the effects of ionic silver functionalization of an extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterial derived from ovine forestomach (OFM-Ag) in terms of material properties, antimicrobial effectiveness and cytotoxicity profile. Methods: Material properties of OFM-Ag were assessed by via biochemical analysis, microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and differential scanning calorimetry. The silver release profile of OFM-Ag was profiled by AAS and antimicrobial effectiveness testing utilized to determine the minimum effective concentration of silver in OFMAg in addition to the antimicrobial spectrum and wear time. Biofilm prevention properties of OFM-Ag in comparison to silver containing collagen dressing materials was quantified via in vitro crystal violet assay using a polymicrobial model. Toxicity of ionic silver, OFM-Ag and silver containing collagen dressing materials was assessed toward mammalian fibroblasts using elution cytoxicity testing. Results: OFM-Ag retained the native ECM compositional and structural characteristic of non-silver functionalized ECM material while imparting broad spectrum antimicrobial effectiveness toward 11 clinically relevant microbial species including fungi and drug resistant strains, maintaining effectiveness over a wear time duration of 7-days. OFM-Ag demonstrated significant prevention of polymicrobial biofilm formation compared to non-antimicrobial and silver-containing collagen dressing materials. Where silver-containing collagen dressing materials exhibited cytotoxic effects toward mammalian fibroblasts, OFM-Ag was determined to be non-cytotoxic, silver elution studies indicated sustained retention of silver in OFM-Ag as a possible mechanism for the attenuated cytotoxicity. Conclusions: This work demonstrates ECM biomaterials may be functionalized with silver to favourably shift the balance between detrimental cytotoxic potential and beneficial antimicrobial effects, while preserving the ECM structure and function of utility in tissue regeneration applications.
The Removal of Arsenic Ion in Electro-Coagulation Cell
지상우,유경근,Brian A. Dempsey 한국자원공학회 2011 Geosystem engineering Vol.14 No.2
The removal of As(V) and As(III) was investigated using electro-coagulation (EC) cell. Adsorption on hydro ferric oxide (HFO) generated by EC cell shows high ratio at lower pH and decreases with increasing pH. The removal efficiencies are higher in the feed solution with As(III) than with As(V). Total arsenic removal ratio is higher in the feed solution with As(III) than with As(V). Total arsenic removal ratios in EC process are over 90% at pH 4 to 9 at 1.0 A in the feed solution with As(III). At 0.5 A, As(III) adsorption ratio is 36.84% at pH 4 and total arsenic removal ratio is 60.79%,and As(III) adsorption ratio is 88.19% at pH 4 and total arsenic removal ratio is 91.13% at 1.0 A. High adsorption ratio of As(V)increases total arsenic removal ratio. In the EC cell, As(III)species could be oxidized to As(V) species, and high arsenic removal ratio is expected at low pH range by using EC process. The oxidation ratios of As(III) to As(V) are 7.1 to 41.3% and 11.1 to 27.7% at 0.5 A and 1.0 A, respectively. The EC process can oxidize As(III) to As(V), and As(V) has more affinity on HFO surface than As(III) at low pH ranges. This result suggest that this technology could be used to remove As ion from acid mine drainage.
Choi, Jeong-A,Hwang, Jae-Hoon,Dempsey, Brian A.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A. I.,Min, Booki,Song, Hocheol,Lee, Dae Sung,Kim, Jung Rae,Cho, Yunchul,Hong, Seungkwan,Jeon, Byong-Hun Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.4 No.9
<P>The influence of ultrasonication pretreatment on fermentative bioenergy [ethanol/hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>)] production from a newly isolated microalgae biomass (<I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> YSW15) was investigated. <I>S. obliquus</I> YSW15 biomass was sonicated for 0 min (control), 5 min (short-term treatment), 15 and 60 min (long-term treatment), which caused different states of cell lysis for microbial fermentation. Long-term sonication significantly damaged the microalgal cell integrity, which subsequently enhanced the bioenergy production. The accumulative bioenergy (ethanol/hydrogen) production after long-term sonication was almost 7 times higher than that after short-term treatment or the control. The optimal ratio of microalgal biomass to anaerobic inoculum for higher bioenergy production was 1 : 1. Microscopic analyses with an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (EF-TEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) collectively indicated that cells were significantly damaged during sonication and that the carbohydrates diffused out of the microalgae interiors and accumulated on the microalgae surfaces and/or within the periplasm, which led to enhanced bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the biomass. These results demonstrate that ultrasonication is an effective pretreatment method for enhancing the fermentative bioenergy production from microalgal biomass.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Disintegration of algae cell structures during sonication released more algal cell wall carbohydrates to aqueous media, thereby exposing a larger surface area to fermentative microorganisms. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1ee01068a'> </P>