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Fatih Saban Beris,Lina De Smet,Hakan Karaoglu,Sabriye Canakci,Jozef Van Beeumen,Ali Osman Belduz 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.4
The G2ALT gene was cloned and sequenced from the thermophilic bacterium Anoxybacillus gonensis G2. The gene is 666 bp long and encodes a protein 221 amino acids in length. The gene was overexpressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 24.5 kDa and it could be classified as a member of the family of bacterial aluminium resistance proteins based on homology searches. When this fragment was expressed in E. coli, it endowed E. coli with Al tolerance to 500 μM. The purified G2ALT protein is active at a broad pH range (pH 4.0-10.0) and temperature range (25°C-80°C) with optima of 6.0 and the apparent optimal temperature of 73°C respectively. Under optimal conditions, G2ALT exhibited a low ATPase activity with K_(m-) and V_(max-) values of 10±0.55μM and 26.81±0.13 mg Pi released/min/mg enzyme, respectively. The ATPase activity of G2ALT requires Mg^(2+) and Na^+ ions, while Zn^(2+) and Al^(3+) stimulate the activity. Cd^(2+) and Ag^+ reduced the activity and Li^+,Cu^(2+), and Co^(2+) inhibited the activity. Known inhibitors of most ATPases, like such as β-mercaptoethanol and ouabain, also inhibited the activity of the G2ALT. These biochemical characterizations suggested that G2ALT belongs to the PP-loop ATPase superfamily and it can be responsible for aluminium tolerance in A. gonensis G2.
Facile Method to Obtain Low DS β-ketoesters and Esters of Microfibrillated Cellulose
Carmen C. Piras,Scott A. Jamieson,Emiliano Fratini,Susana Fernández-Prieto,Johan Smets,Wim M. De Borggraeve 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.10
Herein we report a facile approach to prepare low DS microfibrillated cellulose acetoacetates and esters. All thereactions were performed directly in cellulose slurries without the need of solvent evaporation, which can cause hornification,and without damaging the fibres. The products obtained display the inserted functionalities while retaining the main featuresand morphology of the unmodified cellulose fibres. In comparison to previously reported synthetic routes, this method iscost-effective, more environmentally friendly through omission of extra solvents and the possibility of reusing the dispersingagents, which can be recovered by distillation.
D. SAVITSKI,V. IVANOV,B. SHYROKAU,T. PÜTZ,J. DE SMET,J. THEUNISSEN 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.2
Functions of anti-lock braking for full electric vehicles (EV) with individually controlled wheel drive can be realized through conventional brake system actuating friction brakes and regenerative brake system actuating electric motors. To analyze advantages and limitations of both variants of anti-lock braking systems (ABS), the presented study introduces results of experimental investigations obtained from proving ground tests of all-wheel drive EV. The brake performance is assessed for three different configurations: hydraulic ABS; regenerative ABS only on the front axle; blended hydraulic and regenerative ABS on the front axle and hydraulic ABS on the rear axle. The hydraulic ABS is based on a rule-based controller, and the continuous regenerative ABS uses the gain-scheduled proportional-integral direct slip control with feedforward and feedback control parts. The results of tests on low-friction road surface demonstrated that all the ABS configurations guarantee considerable reduction of the brake distance compared to the vehicle without ABS. In addition, braking manoeuvres with the regenerative ABS are characterized by accurate tracking of the reference wheel slip that results in less oscillatory time profile of the vehicle deceleration and, as consequence, in better driving comfort. The results of the presented experimental investigations can be used in the process of selection of ABS architecture for upcoming generations of full electric vehicles with individual wheel drive.
Antonio Tota,Basilio Lenzo,Qian Lu,Aldo Sorniotti,Patrick Gruber,Saber Fallah,Mauro Velardocchia,Enrico Galvagno,Jasper De Smet 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.5
With the advent of electric vehicles with multiple motors, the steady-state and transient cornering responses can be designed and implemented through the continuous torque control of the individual wheels, i.e., torque-vectoring or direct yaw moment control. The literature includes several papers on sliding mode control theory for torque-vectoring, but the experimental investigation is so far limited. More importantly, to the knowledge of the authors, the experimental comparison of direct yaw moment control based on sliding modes and typical controllers used for stability control in production vehicles is missing. This paper aims to reduce this gap by presenting and analyzing an integral sliding mode controller for concurrent yaw rate and sideslip control. A new driving mode, the Enhanced Sport mode, is proposed, inducing sustained high values of sideslip angle, which can be limited to a specified threshold. The system is experimentally assessed on a four-wheel-drive electric vehicle. The performance of the integral sliding mode controller is compared with that of a linear quadratic regulator during step steer tests. The results show that the integral sliding mode controller significantly enhances the tracking performance and yaw damping compared to the more conventional linear quadratic regulator based on an augmented singletrack vehicle model formulation.
Lee, Han Gil,Kim, So Young,Kim, Du Sik,Seo, Su Ryeon,Lee, Syng-Ill,Shin, Dong Min,De Smet, Patrick,Seo, Jeong Taeg Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.87 No.1
<P>The effect of the potent soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) on neurite outgrowth and retraction was investigated in PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. ODQ inhibited neurite outgrowth and triggered neurite retraction in the cells stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF), staurosporine, or Y-27632. The nitric oxide (NO) scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) had little effect on neurite outgrowth induced by Y-27632 or staurosporine. In the presence of ODQ, treatment of the cells with the cell-permeable cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP failed to retrigger Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, the depletion of sGC by RNA interference failed to prevent Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth. These results indicate that the NO/sGC/cGMP signaling cascade is not critically involved in ODQ-induced neurite remodeling. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 did not inhibit neurite outgrowth, and Y-27632 and staurosporine did not induce ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ODQ on neurite outgrowth is independent of the ERK signaling pathway. In contrast, pretreatment with dithionite or a hemin-glutathione mixture reversed the inhibitory effect of ODQ on Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth, indicating that ODQ might act on an intracellular redox-sensitive molecule. We conclude that ODQ inhibits Y-27632- and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth and triggers neurite retraction in an sGC-independent manner in neuronal cells and suggest that oxidation of unidentified redox-sensitive protein could be responsible for these effects. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Cho, Hyunwoo,Ryu, Hojin,Rho, Sangchul,Hill, Kristine,Smith, Stephanie,Audenaert, Dominique,Park, Joonghyuk,Han, Soeun,Beeckman, Tom,Bennett, Malcolm J.,Hwang, Daehee,De Smet, Ive,Hwang, Ildoo Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature cell biology Vol.16 No.1
The phytohormone auxin is a key developmental signal in plants. So far, only auxin perception has been described to trigger the release of transcription factors termed AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs) from their AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) repressor proteins. Here, we show that phosphorylation of ARF7 and ARF19 by BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) can also potentiate auxin signalling output during lateral root organogenesis. BIN2-mediated phosphorylation of ARF7 and ARF19 suppresses their interaction with AUX/IAAs, and subsequently enhances the transcriptional activity to their target genes LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16 (LBD16) and LBD29. In this context, BIN2 is under the control of the TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF)–TDIF RECEPTOR (TDR) module. TDIF-initiated TDR signalling directly acts on BIN2-mediated ARF phosphorylation, leading to the regulation of auxin signalling during lateral root development. In summary, this study delineates a TDIF–TDR–BIN2 signalling cascade that controls regulation of ARF and AUX/IAA interaction independent of auxin perception during lateral root development.