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Responses of Eukaryotic Cells to Oxidative Stress
Dawes, Ian W. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2000 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.43 No.4
Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of diseases, in ageing of organisms, and in damage to plants that have been exposed to freezing and thawing or water stress. From the perspective of yeast as a model eukaryotic system, this article reviews the systems that are involved in the cellular responses to exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during aerobic growth of the organism. The discussion includes the defense systems involved, the ability of cells to adapt to ROS treatment, cell-division cycle delay and the systems regulating gene expression that are activated by oxidative stress.
A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age
J. Jay Dawes,Robin M. Orr,Richard R. Flores,Robert G. Lockie,Charlie Kornhauser,Ryan Holmes 대한직업환경의학회 2017 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.29 No.-
Background: Law enforcement officers perform physically demanding tasks that generally remain constant as they age. However, there is limited population-specific research on age, gender and normative fitness values for law enforcement officers as opposed to those of the general population. The purpose of this study was to profile the current level of fitness for highway patrol officers based on age and gender and provide percentile ranking charts unique to this population. Methods: Retrospective data for six-hundred and thirty-one state troopers (♂ = 597; mean age = 39.52 ± 8.09 yrs; mean height = 180.72 ± 7.06 cm; mean weight = 93.66 ± 15.72 kg: ♀ = 34; mean age = 36.20 ± 8.45 years; mean height = 169.62 ± 6.65 cm; mean weight = 74.02 ± 14.91 kg) collected in 2014–2015 were provided for analysis. Data included demographic (age), anthropometric (height and weight), and select fitness (VJ, push-ups, sit ups, isometric leg/back strength, isometric grip strength and 20 m shuttle run test) information. Results: There were generally significant differences between genders for all anthropometric and fitness measures, most consistently in the 30–39 age groups. While there was a general decline in push-up and shuttle run performance in female officers, these results did not reach significance. For male officers, there were significant differences between the 20–29 year-old age group and the 30–39, 40–49 and 50–59 year-old groups with the younger group performing better in VJ, push-ups, sit ups and number of shuttle runs than the older groups. There were no differences in isometric grip strength and leg back dynamometer measures between age groups. Conclusion: Male officers tended to be heavier, taller and perform significantly better than female officers in all measures bar sit-ups. While there appeared to be a general decline in certain physical characteristics across genders with increasing age the notable differences were between the youngest male age group (20–29 years) and all other male age groups with a potential reason being the lack of fitness requirements once typically younger cadets leave the academy. Percentile rankings for the assessed measures were found to have elements very specific to this population when compared to the general population and those provided in this paper can be used to inform future profiling and research in this population.
Responses of Eukaryotic Cells to Oxidative Stress
(Ian W . Dawes 한국응용생명화학회 2000 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.43 No.4
Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of diseases, in ageing of organisms, and in damage to plants that have been exposed to freezing and thawing or water stress. From the perspective of yeast as a model eukaryotic system, this article reviews the sys
James Jay Dawes,Robin Marc Orr,Claire Louise Siekaniec,Andrea Annie Vanderwoude,Rodney Pope 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-
Background: Police officers are often required to undertake physically demanding tasks, like lifting, dragging and pursuing a suspect. Therefore, physical performance is a key requirement. Methods: Retrospective data for 76 male police officers (mean age = 39.42 ± 8.41 years; mean weight = 84.21 ± 12.91 kg) was obtained. Data included anthropometric (skinfolds, estimated percentage body fat, lean body mass and fat mass) and physical performance (1 Repetition Maximum Bench Press, 1–min sit-ups, 1-min push-ups, vertical jump, 300 m run, 1.5 mile run) measures and correlations between anthropometric measurement and fitness score were obtained. Results: Estimated percentage body fat was significantly (p ≤ .001) and negatively correlated with all performance measures, except sit-ups and 300 m and 1.5 mile run performance. Estimated lean body mass was significantly and positively (p ≤ .001) correlated with push-ups, bench press and vertical jump measures, while increasing estimated fat mass was significantly (p ≤ .001) associated with reduced performance on sit-up, vertical jump, 1.5 mile run and estimated maximal voluntary oxygen uptake. Conclusions: A targeted approach, going beyond just decreasing percentage body fat to also selectively increasing lean mass, should be applied for optimal improvement in physical fitness performance.
Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Stress-Free Acidification
Allen Kuan-Liang Chen,Cristy Gelling,Peter L. Rogers,Ian W. Dawes,Bettina Rosche 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.1
Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae batch culture revealed that more than 829 genes were regulated in response to an environmental shift from pH 6 to pH 3 by added sulfuric acid. This shift in pH was not detrimental to the rate of growth compared to a control culture that was maintained at pH 6 and the transcriptional changes most strikingly implicated not up- but down-regulation of stress responses. In addition, the transcriptional changes upon acid addition indicated remodeling of the cell wall and central carbon metabolism. The overall trend of changes was similar for the pH-shift experiment and the pH 6 control. However, the changes in the pH 6 control were much weaker and occurred 2.5 h later than in the pH-shift experiment. Thus, the reaction to the steep pH decrease was an immediate response within the normal repertoire of adaptation shown in later stages of fermentation at pH 6. Artificially preventing the yeast from acidifying the medium may be considered physiologically stressful under the tested conditions.
Sekhon, Simranjeet Singh,Ahn, Ji-Young,Shin, Woo-Ri,Ko, Jung Ho,Lee, Lyon,Dawes, Maisie,Tyler, John,Han, Janet,Kim, Sang Yong,Min, Jiho American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.12
<P>In this study, Pseudozyma jejuensis cutinase is immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic supports by cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) for its use in bio-degradation of polycaprolactone (PCL). The amount of cutinase immobilized on the magnetic beads using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent was measured to be 27 mg/g of beads with 82% recovery of activity after immobilization. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized cutinase showed the optimum pH at 1 unit higher (pH 8.0) and also retained its enzymatic activity at higher temperatures. There was 55% retention of cutinase activity after 50 consecutive reuses, indicating its stability and reusability in aqueous media. Moreover, the immobilized cutinase maintained more than 80% of its initial activity during 20 days storage period, while the free cutinase reduced to 48% of initial activity under same condition. In addition, the immobilized cutinase showed a more significant increase in biodegradability over the free cutinase when the immobilized cutinase was used to degrade PCL in a batch system. Higher thermal and storage stability, as well as good durability after repeated use of the immobilized cutinase CLEA, highlights its potential applicability as large scale continuous systems for the enzymatic degradation of PCL.</P>
Single Sensor Gait Analysis to Detect Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Proof of Principle Study
Patrick Esser,Johnny Collett,Kevin Maynard,Dax Steins,Angela Hillier,Jodie Buckingham,Garry D. Tan,Laurie King,Helen Dawes 대한당뇨병학회 2018 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.42 No.1
This study explored the potential utility of gait analysis using a single sensor unit (inertial measurement unit [IMU]) as a simple tool to detect peripheral neuropathy in people with diabetes. Seventeen people (14 men) aged 63±9 years (mean±SD) with diabetic peripheral neuropathy performed a 10-m walk test instrumented with an IMU on the lower back. Compared to a reference healthy control data set (matched by gender, age, and body mass index) both spatiotemporal and gait control variables were different between groups, with walking speed, step time, and SDa (gait control parameter) demonstrating good discriminatory power (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve >0.8). These results provide a proof of principle of this relatively simple approach which, when applied in clinical practice, can detect a signal from those with known diabetes peripheral neuropathy. The technology has the potential to be used both routinely in the clinic and for tele-health applications. Further research should focus on investigating its efficacy as an early indicator of or effectiveness of the management of peripheral neuropathy. This could support the development of interventions to prevent complications such as foot ulceration or Charcot’s foot.