REVIEW : Roadmap for elimination of gastric cancer in Korea

( David Y Graham ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.2

Most gastric cancers are caused by infection with the common human bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. It is now accepted that gastric cancer can be prevented and virtually eliminated by H. pylori eradication and this knowledge was responsible for country-wide H. pylori eradication combined with secondary cancer prevention for those with residual risk that was introduced in Japan in 2013. Korea is a high H. pylori prevalence and high gastric cancer incidence country and a good candidate for a gastric cancer elimination program. The presence of an H. pylori infection is now considered as an indication for treatment of the infection. However, antimicrobial drug resistance is common among H. pylori in Korea making effective therapy problematic. Country-wide studies of the local and regional antimicrobial resistance patterns are needed to choose the most appropriate therapies. H. pylori and gastric cancer eradication can be both efficient and cost effective making it possible and practical to make Korea H. pylori and gastric cancer free. There is no reason to delay.

Effect of Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Long-term Recurrence of Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer -A Randomized, Controlled Study-

( David Y. Graham ),( Ginger M. Lew ),( Peter D. Klcin ),( Dolores G. Evans ),( Doyle J. Evans Jr ),( Zahid A. Saccd ),( Hoda M,Malty ) 대한소화기학회 1993 SIDDS Vol.2 No.-

Effects of Tourniquet Use on Quadriceps Function and Pain in Total Knee Arthroplasty

( David Liu Fracs ),( David Graham Mbbs ),( Kim Gillies M Hlth. Sc ),( R. Mark Gillies ) 대한슬관절학회 2014 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.26 No.4

purpose: A pneumatic tourniquet is commonly used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to improve surgical field visualisation but may result in quadriceps muscle ischaemia. We performed this study to analyse the effect of the tourniquet on recovery following TKA. materials and methods: A prospective randomised single-blinded trial was undertaken to examine the effect of the tourniquet on post-operative pain, swelling, blood loss, quadriceps function and outcome following TKA. Twenty patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were randomised to tourniquet or no tourniquet groups. Quadriceps function was assessed using surface electromyography (EMG) during active knee extension. results: The no tourniquet group had significantly less pain in the early post-operative period compared to the tourniquet group. There was no difference in Oxford knee score, range of motion, or thigh and knee swelling up to 12 months post-operatively. Quadriceps function, measured by surface EMG, was compromised for the first six months post-surgery by tourniquet use. The radiological cement mantle at the bone prosthesis interface at 12-month follow-up was not affected by the absence of a tourniquet. conclusions: We believe that it is safe and beneficial for our patients to routinely perform TKA without a tourniquet.

Behavioural and Metabolic Risk Factors for Mortality from Colon and Rectum Cancer: Analysis of Data from the Asia-Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration

Morrison, David Stewart,Parr, Christine Louise,Lam, Tai Hing,Ueshima, Hirotsugu,Kim, Hyeon Chang,Jee, Sun Ha,Murakami, Yoshitaka,Giles, Graham,Fang, Xianghua,Barzi, Federica,Batty, George David,Huxley Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Background: Colorectal cancer has several modifiable behavioural risk factors but their relationship to the risk of colon and rectum cancer separately and between countries with high and low incidence is not clear. Methods: Data from participants in the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (APCSC) were used to estimate mortality from colon (International Classification of Diseases, revision 9 (ICD-9) 153, ICD-10 C18) and rectum (ICD-9 154, ICD-10 C19-20) cancers. Data on age, body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol, height, smoking, physical activity, alcohol and diabetes mellitus were entered into Cox proportional hazards models. Results: 600,427 adults contributed 4,281,239 person-years follow-up. The mean ages (SD) for Asian and Australia/New Zealand cohorts were 44.0 (9.5) and 53.4 (14.5) years, respectively. 455 colon and 158 rectum cancer deaths were observed. Increasing age, BMI and attained adult height were associated with increased hazards of death from colorectal cancer, and physical activity was associated with a reduced hazard. After multiple adjustment, any physical activity was associated with a 28% lower hazard of colon cancer mortality (HR 0.72, 95%CI 0.53-0.96) and lower rectum cancer mortality (HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.45-1.27). A 2cm increase in height increased colon and all colorectal cancer mortality by 7% and 6% respectively. Conclusions: Physical inactivity and greater BMI are modifiable risk factors for colon cancer in both Western and Asian populations. Further efforts are needed to promote physical activity and reduce obesity while biological research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which they act to cause cancer mortality.

Whole-brain serial-section electron microscopy in larval zebrafish

Hildebrand, David Grant Colburn,Cicconet, Marcelo,Torres, Russel Miguel,Choi, Woohyuk,Quan, Tran Minh,Moon, Jungmin,Wetzel, Arthur Willis,Scott Champion, Andrew,Graham, Brett Jesse,Randlett, Owen,Plum Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature Vol.545 No.7654

<P>High-resolution serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM) makes it possible to investigate the dense meshwork of axons, dendrites, and synapses that form neuronal circuits(1). However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct these structures is more than ten orders of magnitude smaller than the spatial extents occupied by networks of interconnected neurons(2), some of which span nearly the entire brain. Difficulties in generating and handling data for large volumes at nanoscale resolution have thus restricted vertebrate studies to fragments of circuits. These efforts were recently transformed by advances in computing, sample handling, and imaging techniques(1), but high-resolution examination of entire brains remains a challenge. Here, we present ssEM data for the complete brain of a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) at 5.5 days post-fertilization. Our approach utilizes multiple rounds of targeted imaging at different scales to reduce acquisition time and data management requirements. The resulting dataset can be analysed to reconstruct neuronal processes, permitting us to survey all myelinated axons (the projectome). These reconstructions enable precise investigations of neuronal morphology, which reveal remarkable bilateral symmetry in myelinated reticulospinal and lateral line afferent axons. We further set the stage for whole-brain structure-function comparisons by co-registering functional reference atlases and in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy data from the same specimen. All obtained images and reconstructions are provided as an open-access resource.</P>

ToF-SIMS Analysis of Adsorbed Proteins: Principal Component Analysis of the Primary Ion Species Effect on the Protein Fragmentation Patterns

Muramoto, Shin,Graham, Daniel J.,Wagner, Matthew S.,Lee, Tae Geol,Moon, Dae Won,Castner, David G. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.49

<P>In time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), the choice of the primary ion used for analysis can influence the resulting mass spectrum. This is because different primary ion types can produce different fragmentation pathways. In this study, analysis of single-component protein monolayers were performed using monatomic, triatomic, and polyatomic primary ion sources. Eight primary ions (Cs<SUP>+</SUP>, Au<SUP>+</SUP>, Au<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, Bi<SUP>+</SUP>, Bi<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, Bi<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>++</SUP>, C<SUB>60</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, and C<SUB>60</SUB><SUP>++</SUP>) were used to examine the low mass (<I>m</I>/<I>z</I> < 200) fragmentation patterns from five different proteins (bovine serum albumin, bovine serum fibrinogen, bovine immunoglobulin G, and chicken egg white lysozyme) adsorbed onto mica surfaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) processing of the ToF-SIMS data showed that variation in peak intensity caused by the primary ions was greater than differences in protein composition. The spectra generated by Cs<SUP>+</SUP>, Au<SUP>+</SUP>, and Bi<SUP>+</SUP> primary ions were similar, but the spectra generated by monatomic, triatomic, and polyatomic primary ions varied significantly. C<SUB>60</SUB> primary ions increased fragmentation of the adsorbed proteins in the <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> < 200 region, resulting in more intense low <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> peaks. Thus, comparison of data obtained by one primary ion species with that obtained by another primary ion species should be done with caution. However, for the spectra generated using a given primary ion beam, discrimination between the spectra of different proteins followed similar trends. Therefore, a PCA model of proteins created with a given ion source should only be applied to data sets obtained using the same ion source. The type of information obtained from PCA depended on the peak set used. When only amino acid peaks were used, PCA was able to identify the relationship between proteins by their amino acid composition. When all peaks from <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> 12–200 were used, PCA separated proteins based on a ratio of C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>N<SUP>+</SUP> to K<SUP>+</SUP> peak intensities. This ratio correlated with the thickness of the protein films, and Bi<SUB>1</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> primary ions produced the most surface sensitive spectra.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-49/jp208035x/production/images/medium/jp-2011-08035x_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp208035x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Modeling mesoscale uncertainty for concrete in tension

Nathan Tregger,David Corr,Lori Graham-Brady,Surendra Shah 한국계산역학회 2007 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.4 No.5

Due to heterogeneities at all scales, concrete exhibits significant variability in mechanical behavior from sample to sample. An understanding of the fundamental mechanical performance of concrete must therefore be embedded in a stochastic framework. The current work attempts to address the connection between a two-dimensional concrete mesostructure and the random local material properties associated within that mesostructure. This work builds on previous work that has focused on the random configuration of concrete mesostructures. This was accomplished by developing an understanding of the effects of variations in the mortar strength and the mortar-aggregate interfacial strength in given deterministic mesostructural configurations. The results are assessed through direct tension tests that are validated by comparing experimental results of two different, pre-arranged mesostructures, with the intent of isolating the effect of local variations in strength. Agreement is shown both in mechanical property values as well as the qualitative nature of crack initiation and propagation.

Developing genetic resources for pre-breeding in Brassica oleracea L.: an overview of the UK perspective

Peter G Walley,Graham R Teakle,Jonathan D Moore,Charlotte J Allender,Vicky Buchanan-Wollaston,David AC Pink,Guy C Barker 한국식물생명공학회 2012 식물생명공학회지 Vol.39 No.1

The vegetable brassicas are an important crop worldwide and are of significant commercial value. In order to ensure our targets for food security are met it is important that these crops are continually improved to increase sustainability of production, increase nutritional quality and reduce waste. Development of resistances against both biotic and abiotic stress are recognised as being key. Plant breeding plays a vital role in addressing these issues through the development of new and improved varieties. This continued improvement is becoming evermore dependent on our ability to identify and introgress beneficial alleles from ‘exotic’ germplasm into elite breeding material. Increasingly, more diverse germplasm such as those found in genebanks is being screened for benificial allelic variation, however, plant breeders often find it difficult to make use of such material due to the time required to remove undesirable characteristics from progeny due to linkage drag. This article describes how we have attempted to overcome this and develop resources that make the diversity available within the Brassica oleracea genepool more accessible.

Alcohol Expectancy Words Recalled at a Higher Rate by Heavy Drinkers

Benjamin Mahoney,Deborah Graham,David Cottrell 순천향대학교 2009 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.24 No.-

It is believed that an individual`s alcohol expectancies, the anticipated effects of alcohol retained in memory, will differ in accordance with drinking experience. The focus of recent alcohol expectancy research has been on activation of alcohol expectancy memory networks for heavy drinkers, demonstrated through changes in behaviour following the presentation of implicit alcohol cues. Recent alcohol expectancy research has suggested that priming a memory test word list with an alcohol beverage word (Beer) acts as an environmental cue for heavy drinkers, resulting in greater recall of embedded alcohol expectancy words. Using a memory test designed to further explore the effectiveness of alcohol word cues, the current research tested 247 American exchange students recall of embedded word themes. The results suggest that the sequential presentation of alcohol expectancy words in itself, regardless of the first word (prime) of the tests, provides an adequate implicit cue initiating an expectancy word recall bias for heavy drinkers.

The Role of Large Scale Mixing and Radiation in the Scaling of NOx Emissions From Unconfined Flames

GregJ.R. Newbold,Graham J. Nathan,David S. Nobes,Stephen R. Turns 한국연소학회 2002 한국연소학회지 Vol.7 No.1