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The Impact of COVID 19 on the Meat Supply Chain in the USA: A Review
Dalton Whitehead,Yuan H. Brad Kim 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.5
The COVID 19 pandemic resulted in a considerable influence on the world economy. Being a big sector of the economy, the food supply chain struggled. The meat supply chain was most notably affected as every part of the supply chain from farm to shelf was closely inter-related. With the closure of businesses and restaurants the demand for at home food from grocery stores increased. Meat production facilities were impacted when the virus spread to the workers causing facilities to close or line speeds to slow. The combination of these two issues, in turn, led to there being less meat on the shelves. With less meat animals being harvested, there was less demand for livestock leading to farmers having an excess in slaughter ready animals. The decreased demand for livestock led to economic issues as money was lost in multiple sections of the supply chain. Aside from the economy and supply chain issues, other issues include concerns over the safety of meat products due to decreased safety protocols to increase line speed. Additionally, concerns of animal welfare with the excess of animals being culled were raised due to decreased capacity in processing facilities. While this review paper mainly focuses on characterizing the impact of COVID 19 on the meat supply chain in the USA, the compiled information should be able to provide practical insights to the meat/food industry across the globe to develop potential mitigating strategies against the COVID 19 and/or any similar pandemic incidences in the future.
The Dictionary as a Language Parliament and Court: A Scope into Kiswahili Language Dictionaries
Dalton Indeche,Simala Inyani K 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2024 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.56
Parliaments are often seen as legislative bodies responsible for formulating laws, representing the people, and overseeing government. On the other hand, courts are defined by their ability to resolve disputes, adjudicate legal cases and uphold the law. A dictionary on its domain is often seen as a reference book that describes words, phrases, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical features. Kiswahili dictionaries provide comprehensive information about the vocabulary used in Kiswahili, aiming to assist learners, speakers, writers, and researchers understand and effectively communicate in this language. In language parliament, the Kiswahili dictionary would be the venerable librarian, meticulously holding the records of words origins, meanings, and intricate relationships. It serves as the legislature, dictating what is officially recognized, guiding the formation of sentences, and setting the rules for grammatical structure and syntax. Meanwhile, the Kiswahili dictionary would act as the esteemed judge in the language court, arbitrating disputes over semantics and usage. It is the ultimate authority consulted to resolve conflicts about word definitions, etymology, and proper application within the linguistic realm. Like a court of law, it upholds the integrity and accuracy of language. Metaphorically as done in this article, the Kiswahili language dictionaries may be directly compared in view of the metaphoric language.
Business Ethics During Mixed Modes of Exchange: South Korean Chaebol's Succession Challenge
Bronwen Dalton,Marie dela Rama 한국학술연구원 2014 Korea Observer Vol.45 No.3
In his study on pathways to economic development, John Lie (1992) developed the concept of modes of exchange and identified four typologies: market, manorial, mercantile and entrepreneurial. We discuss the relevance of these typologies to Korea’s post-war economic development and focus specifically on how modes of market exchange may affect wider interpretations of business ethics. In the post-war period, we argue that there was no linear or clearly-staged trajectory from one mode of exchange to another and, in this context of uncertainty, elites used this as an opportunity to rationalize and justify certain practices. However, the 1997 Asian financial crisis unleashed forces that drove a significant shift towards the establishment of a more open and globalized market environment. This has created new challenges for the chaebol and its attempts to hold on to structures of the past, in particular to maintain family ownership through succession from father to son.
Business Ethics During Mixed Modes of Exchange: South Korean Chaebol's Succession Challenge
Bronwen Dalton,Marie dela Rama 한국학술연구원 2014 Korea Observer Vol.45 No.3
In his study on pathways to economic development, John Lie (1992) developed the concept of modes of exchange and identified four typologies: market, manorial, mercantile and entrepreneurial. We discuss the relevance of these typologies to Korea’s post-war economic development and focus specifically on how modes of market exchange may affect wider interpretations of business ethics. In the post-war period, we argue that there was no linear or clearly-staged trajectory from one mode of exchange to another and, in this context of uncertainty, elites used this as an opportunity to rationalize and justify certain practices. However, the 1997 Asian financial crisis unleashed forces that drove a significant shift towards the establishment of a more open and globalized market environment. This has created new challenges for the chaebol and its attempts to hold on to structures of the past, in particular to maintain family ownership through succession from father to son.
Negotiating Nuclear Arms Control with North Korea: Why and How?
( Toby Dalton ),( Youngjun Kim ) 한국국방연구원 2021 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.33 No.1
Pressure policies to induce North Korea’s unilateral denuclearization failed to achieve measurable progress toward that objective. The consolidation of nuclear and missile capabilities by North Korea points to the need for a new strategy to mitigate the potential for conflict: to pursue progress toward peace and denuclearization simultaneously. The most appropriate mechanism for implementing such a strategy is arms control, defined here as a progressive series of restrictions, limitations and constraints on arms (nuclear and conventional) and associated steps that reduce the risks of conflict and insulate relations against crises and escalation. Detractors of arms control for North Korea argue that it would convey status as a possessor of nuclear weapons, and that it would require accepting some level of mutual deterrence. States would need to consider such criticisms as they weigh the risks and costs of pursuing arms control compared to alternatives such as containment and deterrence. An arms control-oriented roadmap would integrate parallel progress on establishing a durable peace regime and capping and then reducing the threat posed by North Korea’s nuclear weapons. Monitoring and verifying compliance with this type of roadmap would require a hybrid approach drawing on both traditional safeguards-style methods and novel approaches designed to build confidence.
The Patterns of Party Polarization in East Asia
Russell J. Dalton,Aiji Tanaka 동아시아연구원 2007 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.7 No.2
The alignment of parties within a party system shapes the nature of electoral competition, the process of representation, and potentially the legitimacy of the system. This article describes the distribution of parties and the levels of party polarization in the party systems of East Asian democracies. We examine the publics perceptions of party positions on a Left-Right scale to map the pattern of party competition. The evidence is based on two waves of surveys from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES). We describe considerable variation in the polarization of Asian party systems, which has direct implications for the clarity of party choice and the behavior of voters. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings.