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수령독재 하에서 권력과 이권을 둘러싼 갈등 동학 그리고 장성택 숙청
박형중 ( Hyeong Jung Park ),최대석 ( Dae Seok Choe ),김학성 ( Hank Sung Kim ),박영자 ( Young Ja Park ),장인숙 ( In Suk Jang ) 북한연구학회 2014 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.18 No.1
수령독재 하에서는 수령 지위를 차지하고자 하는 권력 투쟁은 존재하지 않는다. 그러나 수평적으로 주요 기관과 엘리트 개인의 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이 존재한다. 이러한 경쟁은 수령에 대한 ‘충성경쟁’이라는 외피를 갖는다. 권력 세습 기간 동안 이러한 경쟁이 현저히 증가한다. 권력 세습은 수령독재가 기반하는 통치연합을 재편성하는 과정이기 때문이다. 김정일에서 김정은으로의 권력 세습 과정에서 기관과 엘리트 사이에 권력 및 이권 관련경쟁에서 두 가지가 두드러지게 나타났다. 그 하나는 권력 세습 과정에서의 주도적 세력이 되고자 하는 경쟁 즉 후견권을 둘러싼 경쟁이다. 그 다른 하나는 기관별로 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이다. 장성택은 이 두 가지 경쟁에서 모두 주역이었다. 그의 숙청도 이와 관련되어 있었다. Under the Suryong dictatorship, by definition, there is no political completion for Suryong`s status. There are, however, horizontal competitions to expand power and interest carried out by major power organizations and elites. Apparently they are loyalty competition devoted to the Suryong. During the power succession, as the ruling coalition is reconstructed, they intensify themselves. Two features have been pronounced during the hereditary succession from Kim Jong-il to Kim Jong-un in regard to competition for power and interest among power organizations and elites: the one is the competition for regency, i.e. to advance oneself as the dominant force in the promotion of the power succession; the other is the competition for increasing share of power and interest by power organizations and elites. Jang Sung-taek has stood in the center of these two competitions and he was purge thereof.
단상 유도형 동기 전동기(LSPM)의 특성해석에 관한 연구
정대성,김승주,이진헌,최재학,이주,Jung, Dae-Sung,Kim, Seung-Ju,Lee, Jin-Hun,Choi, Jae-Hak,Lee, Ju 한국조명전기설비학회 2007 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3
가전분야에서의 전동기 효율향상을 통한 에너지 소비절감 효과는 상당히 크지만 이를 위한 전동기의 설계/해석 기술 확보가 아직은 미흡한 상태이다. 이에 따라 유도형 동기전동기가 제안되었지만, 유도형 동기 전동기는 유도전동기와 통기전동기의 특성을 동시에 가지고 있어, 해석 및 설계가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 냉장고 압축기용 전동기인 단상유도전동기를 대처할 수 있는 단상 유도형 동기전동기를 이용해 파라미터에 따라 특성이 어떻게 바뀌는가에 대해 서술하였다. 그에 따라 단상유도전동기의 정상상태 특성을 해석하고 제안모델의 성능을 기존모델과 비교하고 실험하여 해석결과의 신뢰성을 검증한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 제안모델의 기존 고정자 형상이나 권선 스팩을 유지하고 회전자의 형상이나 구조만을 변경시켜 성능향상을 도모하였다. 해석방법으로는 전자장 수치 해석적인 방법으로 널리 이용되고 있는 유한요소법(Finite Element Method : FEM)을 이용하였다. Electric motor efficient improvement from home appliance field is important to the effect reducing the energy consumption. But the electric motor design/analysis technology is still insufficient. Specially the electric motor design/analysis technology of satisfying characteristic of both the induction motor and the synchronous motor such as Line start permanent motor. Therefore the electric motor design/analysis technology is urgently demanded reliability. This paper proposes the sing1e-phase line-start permanent magnet motor to develop the motor it with be able to alternate the sing-phase induction motor it is a refrigerator compressor motor. The sing-phase induction motor is analyzed in the steady state. And we have a certification test to compare our single-phase line-start permanent magnet motor with the sing-phase induction motor. In order to improve the performance, the stator of the single-phase line-start permanent magnet motor is same as the stator of the sing-phase induction motor and changes the rotor form and has the permanent magnet. It used the Finite Element Method(FEM) which is widely used with electronic-magnetic field numerical analysis method.
Thirteen-Week Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity of Licorice Root in F344 Rats
Sang-Bum Koh,Jae-Hwang Jeong,Mu-Yeb Seo,Jun-Yeon Lee,Dong-Seok Seo,Hak-Soo Bark,Myung-Hwa Kang,Dae-Yong Kim,Ha-Jung Sung 한국실험동물학회 2006 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.22 No.1
The purpose of this study is to investigate a potential toxicity of licorice root (LR) in Fisher 344 rats through the 13-week repeated oral treatment. Healthy Fisher 344 rats were divided into five treatment groups (2,000, 571, 163, 47, and 13 ㎎/㎏) and one control group (vehicle) of 12 males and 12 females respectively. LR was orally administered by gavage to F344 rats once a day, 5 days per week for 13 weeks. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, necropsy findings, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, histopathology, sperm count and sperm motility were evaluated. The relative liver weights were increased significantly in males of the 2,000 and 571 ㎎/㎏ groups. However, there was no histological evidence in the liver. The increased incidence of chronic nephropathy only appeared in the 2,000 ㎎/㎏ group of both male and female rats. There were no treatment-related effects on clinical signs, mortality, body weights, necropsy findings, hematology, serum biochemistry and sperm count and motility in any treatment groups. Based on these results, no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of LR was 571 ㎎/㎏ in F344 rats under the conditions of the present study.
Assessment of Spirulina-PCL nanofiber for the regeneration of dermal fibroblast layers.
Jung, Sang-Myung,Kim, Dae Seung,Ju, Jung Hyeon,Shin, Hwa Sung Springer 2013 In vitro cellular & developmental biology Animal Vol.49 No.1
<P>Skin is a barrier which protects injured tissues, and thus, skin regeneration is one of many important medical issues. Tissue engineering is an attractive approach to make artificial tissue or regenerate lost tissues. While constituting artificial tissues, cells must infiltrate through scaffolds, maintaining viability and proliferation. However, a three-dimensional tissue culture involves stressful environments due to several reasons such as mass or gas transport and high cell density. Once stressed, cells produce reactive oxygen species, resulting in alleviating cellular viability and activity. Spirulina is well known to have antioxidant molecules, which have been known to modulate oxidative stress to cells. Electrospun nanofiber has widely been used as a scaffold to mimic natural extracellular matrix. In this research, we assessed Spirulina extract-imbedded nanofiber as a scaffold for an artificial skin tissue. Spirulina extract was proven to positively affect viability and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts. In addition, fibroblasts infiltrated through Spirulina extract-imbedded electrospun nanofiber without cytotoxicity.</P>
Jung, Eun-Jung,Won, Jong-Ho,Lee, Sang-Cheol,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Bae, Sang-Byung,Kim, Chan-Kyu,Lee, Nam-Su,Lee, Kyu-Taeg,Park, Sung-Kyu,Hong, Dae-Sik,Park, Hee-Sook 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2
조혈성장인자인 과립구 집락자극인가(G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)는 항암제 투여 후 발생하는 호중구감소증의 정도와 기간을 단축시켜 주어 항암제의 증량을 가능하게 하고, 감염의 위험을 줄여준다. G-CSF의 주입은 대개 안전하지만, 드물게 간질성폐렴같은 급성 폐손상을 일으킨다는 보고가 있다. 저자들은 급성 골수단핵구백혈병 환자에서 G-CSF 주입 후 발생한 초급성 간질성폐렴1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.
( Sung Won Lee ),( Dong Wook Choi ),( Sung Chul Park ),( Hee Jung Kim ),( Yang Hoon Nam ),( Dae Hee Choi ),( Chang Don Kang ),( Sung Joon Lee ),( Wan Joo Chun ),( Young Joon Ryu ) 대한장연구학회 2014 Intestinal Research Vol.12 No.3
Background/Aims: Ethanol administration causes intestinal epithelial cell damage by increasing intestinal permeability and the translocation of endotoxins from intestinal bacterial flora. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are associated with recovery and protection from cell damage. The aim of the current study was to investigate differences in the expression of HSPs in the small intestine and the biochemical changes attributable to ethanol-induced intestinal damage. Methods: Ethanol (20%) was injected intraperitoneally (2.75 g/kg, 5.5 g/kg, 8.25 g/kg) in ICR mice and the same volume of saline was administered to controls. After 1 hour, the proximal, middle, and distal segments were taken from the small intestine and the degree of damage was analyzed. In each segment, the expression of HSPs was analyzed by western blotting. The expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and antioxidant enzyme such as glutathione-S-transferase were compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: In the control group, HSP70 increased in all segments of small intestine. Additionally, increases in the expression of HSP40 and HSP90 in the distal regions and an increase in HSP32 in the middle regions were observed. After ethanol treatment, greater histological damage was observed in the distal small intestine and significant decreases in HSPs were observed generally. Increased expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2 was observed in small intestinal tissues exposed to ethanol-induced damage. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of an antioxidant enzyme. Conclusions: Significant differences in the expression of HSPs in different intestinal regions were observed. These differences may have been attributable to the distribution of intestinal bacteria. (Intest Res 2014;12:205-213)
Jung, Bae-Gyo,Lee, Kyun-Oh,Lee, Seung-Sik,Chi, Yong-Hun,Jang, Ho-Hee,Kang, Soon-Suk,Lee, Kyung-Hee,Lim, Dong-Bin,Yoon, Sung-Chul,Yun, Dae-Jin,Inoue Yashiharu,Cho, Moo-Je,Lee, Sang-Yeol Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-
A cDNA, PHCC-TPx, specifying a protein highly homologous to known phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases was isolated from a Chinese cabbage cDNA library. PHCC-TPx encodes a preprotein of 232 amino acids containing a putative N-terminal chloroplast targeting sequence and three conserved Cys residues (Cys^(107),Cys^(136), and Cys^(155)). The mature form of enzyme without the signal peptide was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was found to utilize thioredoxin (Trx) but not GSH as an electron donor. In the presence of a Trx system, the protein efficiently reduces H_(2)O_(2) and organic hydroperoxides. Complementation analysis shows that overexpression of the PHCC-TPx restores resistance to oxidative stress in yeast mutants lacking GSH but fails to complement mutant lacking Trx, suggesting that the reducing agent of PHCC-TPx in vivo is not GSH but is Trx. Mutational analysis of the three Cys residues individually replaced with Ser shows that Cys^(107) is the primary attacking site by peroxide, and oxidized Cys^(107) reacts with Cys^(155_-SH to make an intramolecular disulfide bond, which is reduced eventually by Trx. Tryptic peptide analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry shows that Cys^(155) can form a disulfide bond with either Cys^(107) or Cys^(136).