악하선 암의 치료성적과 예후인자

임치영(Chi Young Lim),남기현(Kee Hyun Nam),이잔디(Jan Dee Lee),장항석(Hang Seok Chang),정웅윤(Woong Youn Chung),차인호(In Ho Cha),이창걸(Chang Geol Lee),최은창(Eun Chan Choi),박정수(Cheong Soo Park) 대한두경부종양학회 2005 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose: Submandibular gland tumor is rare, less than 6% of head and neck tumor. The purpose of this article is to analysis the clinical experience and treatment outcomes of malignant submandibular gland tumor, suggesting a guideline of management. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 26 patients who underwent operation for malignant submandibular gland tumor at Severence hospital between 1986 and 2004. Statistical analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, log rank test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test using SPSS v12.0 for Windows. Results: They consisted of 18 males and 8 females whose median age was 47 years(range: 20-71). 10 cases of adenocystic carcinoma, 8 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 4 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 case each for acinic cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, adeno carcinoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Sialoadenectomy only was performed in 10 cases(36.5%) and sialoadenectomy with neck node dissection was performed in 16 cases(63.5%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was done in 22 cases(84.6%). 10 year disease free survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 63.1 % and 10 year overall survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 70.1%. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. Conclusion: In this study, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. To prevent recurrence and to improve survival, early diagnosis and aggressive surgery must be considered.

초등학교 자연과에서의 야외 수업 실태와 개선 방안 및 지도 방략

정완호,권치순,김재영,임채성 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

When we consider the developmental level of children, minds-on/hands-on experiences have very important value for effective science learning. As a basis for the development of outdoor-inquiry materials, we surveyed the status of outdoor activities in the elementary school science, then analyzed the data. Data were obtained from fifty-one teachers of nineteen elementary schools. Most of them (about 80%) recognized the necessity of outdoor instruction. However, they were using the outdoor activities 1.7 times at average per school year in practice. Most of these activities were practiced within school or nearby areas including parks. The major reasons for these poor use of outdoor activities presented by respondents were the cognitive characteristics of children and the excessive amount of science content to be covered. Also, these outdoor activeities were focused only to the observations in natural environment and cognitive aspects. Several factors, such as the lack of time, appropriate outdoor sites and instructional materials, and the insufficient experiences on the outdoor activities of teacher oneself, were acknowledged. These results have implications for the development of instructional materials for both of children and teachers. In this study, we suggested the effective instructional methods at outdoor environment in relation to the characteristics of children, topics, and sites.

알코올 의존과 후보 유전자들간의 연관성 연구

정인원,김헌,홍주봉,지경환,이규영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 알코올 대사와 중추신경계내의 알코올 작용부위와 관련한 일부 후보유전자들이 알코올 의존과 관련이 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-IV로 진단된 알코올 의존 환자 128명과 정상 대조군 128명을 대상으로 후보 유전자들의 다형성을 중합효소 연쇄반응과 제한효소처리법을 이용하여 동정하였다. 여기서 분리된 대립유전자와 유전자형에 따른 빈도의 차이를 유전자별로 각각 비교하였으며, 알코올 의존에 작용하는 서로 다른 유전자들에 의한 영향력을 배제하기 위하여 logistic regression 분석을 적용하였다. 결 과 : 알코올 의존군에서는 ALDH_2 유전자의 NN(wild type)형이 정상대조군에 비하여 유의하게 많았다(chi-square test, p<0.001). logistic regression analysis를 통하여 다른 유전자들에 의한 영향을 보정한 상태에서 ALDH_2가 NN(wild type)인 경우 다른 아형에 비하여 알코올 의존에 대한 odds ratio는 130.312이며 그 신뢰구간은 (17.22, 986.43)이었다. 한편, ASA는 N-glycosylation 부위에 변이형 대립유전자를 갖고 있는 경우(AG or GG)는 wild type에 비하여 알코올 의존에 대한 위험도는 2.344배이며 그 95% 신뢰구간은 (1.128, 4.871)이었다. 결 론 : 알코올 의존과 ALDH_2 유전자간에는 밀접한 연관성이 확인되었다. 또한 다른 유전자들은 개별 연관분석에서 의미있는 연관성이 관찰되지는 않았지만 logistic regression analysis를 통하여 N-glycosylation 부위에 다형성이 있는 ASA 유전자가 알코올 의존과 관련이 있음을 시사하였다. Objectives : This study was to explore the association between alcohol dependence and five candidate genes related to the metabolism of alcohol and the enzymes of the suspected sites in CNS. Methods : The genotype and allele frequencies of five candidate genes in 128 male hospitalized patients who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence were compared with 128 age-matched healthy male control subjects using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. A logistic regression analysis was applied in order to exclude the reciprocal interactions among five candidate genes. Results : The NN genotype frequency of the ALDH_2 gene was significantly higher in alcoholic patients than in control subjects(chi-square test, p<0.001). No difference in frequency was found in the other four genes. In a logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for alcohol dependence in the NN genotype of the ALDH_2 gene and AG or GG genotypes of the N glycosylation site on the ASA gene were 130.312(95% confidence interval, 17.22-986.43) and 2.344(95% confidence interval. 1.128-4.871), respectively. Conclusion : The result reiterates the association of the ALDH_2 gene polyporphism and the alcohol dependence. Logistic regression analysis additionally suggested that the N-glycosylation site on the ASA gene was associated with alcohol dependence.

야관문(Lespedezea cuneata G. Don) 추출물이 토끼 음경해면체 평활근에 미치는 생리활성

정영호,임치환 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 농업과학연구 Vol.32 No.1

The extracts in n-hexane layer from Lespedezea cuneata G. Don exelled at sexual activity according to in vitro experiment using biopsy of rabbit corpus cavernosum to investigate effects on sexual function. The extracts were injected into 9 samples at 10㎕. The lowest relaxation was showed at sample C, 4.8±1.4% and the highest relaxation was showed at sample A, 20.2±6.0%. The relaxation by every sample, except sample C and G-1, were higher than by 10^(-7)M ACh, 7.8±5.1%, and their effects were above 10%. Also, the extracts were injected into 9 samples at 15㎕. The lowest relaxation was showed at sample C, 15.4±1.3% and the highest relaxation was showed at sample J, 54.8±9.7%. The relaxationby sample A and D was as much as by 10^(-6)M ACh, 28.0±20.1%. The relaxation by sample H was 41.9±7.3%. The relaxation by sample J was 54.8±9.7% and it was higher than by 10^(-5)M ACh, 53.9±25.9%. Also, the extracts were injected into 9 samples at 20㎕. The lowest relaxation was showed at sample E, 28.9±0.6% and it was a little higher than by 10^(-6)M ACh. The relaxation by sample G was as much as by 10^(-5)M ACh. The two higher relaxation were showed at sample H, 99.4±16.0% and J, 95.7±7.2%, and their relaxation against contraction reaction by PhE were near 100%. Experiment by sample I was not performed for lack of sample amount.

피틴산(Phytic acid)이 비브리오(Vibrio vulnificus) 패혈증에 미치는 영향

정영호,조천휘,이선우,임치환 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 농업과학연구 Vol.32 No.1

Phytic acid chelates excellently the metallic ions and the positive ions, especially has high affinity with Fe^(2+) and Ca^(2+). Merits of phytic acid can be taked in easily, edibile and harmless to body, so it was investigated that phytic acid can be substituted for EDTA in this study. 1. The Intensificative effect of chelating agent and disinfective osmotic shock of Vibrio vulnificus The number of initial existent fungi measured 1.7x10^(6). The percentages of the survival fungi against the osmotic shock by distillated water were calculated at 1 minute, 3 minute and 5 minute after inoculation. The percentages of the survival fungi in Mg^(2+) were 92.5%, 91.8% and 79.8% at each time, the average percentage was 88%. Also the sudden extinction was observed around 1 minute after inoculation and the survival fungi were not observed from 3 through 5 minute in spite of repeated experimentation. 2. Influence of Vibrio vulnificus on the survival of the mice. The first mouse started to die in 180 minute after inoculation in case that the inoculating number was 2.3x10^(7) cfu/ml. All died within 4.5 hour. The average of survival time was 226 minute. The first mouse started to die in 228 minute after inoculation in case that the inoculating number was 0.8x10^(6) cfu/ml. All died within 5 hour. The average of survival time was 300 minute and the survival time was 1.3 times high. The tendencies of death in two cases were similar, but the fatal rate were largely dependent on inoculating number.

정신분열병 환자에서 CTLA4 유전자 형성

김영호,전태연,배치운,이정태 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 T세포의 세포사멸(apoptosis) 및 활성화에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있는 Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4(CTLA-4) 유전자의 다형성을 분석하여 정신분열병과의 면역·유전학적 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-Ⅳ진단기준에 의거하여 정신분열병으로 진단된 환자들 중에서, 본 연구에 서면 동의를 한 116명을 선정하였으며, 대조군으로는 가톨릭 조형모세포 정보은행에서 보유하고 있는 정상한국인 149명의 자료를 이용하였다. 전혈에서 DNA를 추출한 후, 중합효소반응으로 CTLA4 유전자 부위를 증폭하였으며 Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphim(SSCP)방법으로 CTLA4 G와 CTLA4 A의 2가지 대립유전자를 형별분석하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자군과 정상 대조군 간에 CTLA4 유전자형 CTLA4 A/A, A/G, 및 G/C의 발현빈도에 유의한 차이가 있었다(각,39.7% 대 14.1% : 13.6% 대 39.6% : 46.6% 대 46.3%, X^2=32.30, df=2, p=0.001). 정신분열병 환자군과 정상 대조국 간에 CTLA4 대립유전자 CTLA4 A 및 CTLA4 G의 발현빈도에 유의한 차이가 있었다(각,46.6% 대 33.9% : 53.4% 대 66.1%, x^2=8.75, df=1, p=0.003). 결 론 : 본 연구결과 정신분열병의 발병 요인으로 CTLA4 유전자의 관련성을 일부 확인하였으며 향후 CTLA4 유전자 발현에 영향을 미칠 있는 주변 유전자에 대한 연구 및 다양한 임상적 변인을 포함한 통합적인 연구를 시행함으로써 CTLA4 유전자가 정신분열병의 감수성(susceptibility)에 미치는 영향을 밝힐 수 있을 것이다. Object : This study was performed to examine the relationship between immunogenetics and schizophrenia by analyzing polymorphism of CTLA4 gene, which is known to affect the apoptosis and the activation of cells. Method : 116 schizophrenic patients who were diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ and 149normal controls obtained from the Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Information Bank of Korea were analyzed . After extracting DNA from whole blood, we amplified CTLA4 exon1 genes by polymerase chain reaction and assessed by SSCP. Result : Genotype frequencies of CTLA4G/G, CTLA4A/A, and CTLA G/A between patients with schizophrenia and controls were different with statistical significance. Data also showed significant differences in frequencies of CTLA4 A and CTLA4 G alleles between the two groups. Conclusion : In this study, we found a partial relataionship between CTLA4 exon 1 +49 region polymophism and schizophrenia. Further systemic studies for larger subjects including adjacent genes and diverse clinical variables in the future may reveal the effects of CTLA4 gene on the susceptibility of schizophrenia.

von Willebrand's diseasee 1예

박치영,모성환,문철호,곽재정,김태종,전용준,박유환,정춘해 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

STS 304 강의 크리프 및 고온 저사이클피로균열전파 거동에 미치는 응력크기 및 응력파형의 영향

이치우,허정원,김광영,조용배 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1994 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 고온용 구조물 재료로 널리 사용되고 있는 STS304강을 650℃ 고온에서 공칭응력 σ_(n)=130 MPa와 σ_(n)=150MPa으로 실험하여 균열 전파거동에 미치는 응력 크기의 영향과 고온 저사이클 균열 전파 실험은 하중제어 하에서 대칭 삼각파형 fast-fast, 비대칭 삼각파형 fast-slow와 slow-fast 등으로 실험을 실시하여, 파형효과 중 반복속도 및 속도 비대칭 거동에 미치는 효과를 조사하였고, 모든 시험편에서 파단면의 형상을 조사하여 변형률 파형효과 및 응력파형효과에 따른 손상기구를 해석하고, 피로수명과 균열 전파속도의 결과를 비교 및 고찰하였다. 크리이프 균열전파 실험에서, 최대 응력강도 계수 K_(max)는 응력 크기 (σ_(n)=130MPa, σ_(n)=150MPa)에 관계없이 균열전파속도를 평가할 수 잇는 파라미터임을 보였다. 저사이클 고온피로 균열전파 실험에서, 반복속도가 빠른 fast-fast 파형에 비하여 반복속도가 느린 fast-slow와 slow-fast 파형의 경우에 균열전파속도는 현저하게 가속되며 또한, fast-slow 및 slow-fast 파형에서, 균열전파속도는 slow-fast 파형 경우가 fast-slow 파형보다 훨씬 빠르게 나타났으며, 이는 제하(negative loading)쪽보다 부하쪽(positive loading)의 하중속도가 느린 파형이 크리프 영향을 더 크게 받음을 의미한다. 그리고 파단면의 형상은 fast-fast 파형의 경우는 입내파괴를 보이고 fast-slow 파형의 경우는 입내파괴와 입계파괴가 혼재하며, slow-fast 파형의 경우는 입계파괴를 보였다. 입계파괴의 형상은 fast-slow 파형의 경우는 r형이며, slow-fast 파형의 경우는 w형이었다. The effects of stress amplitudes in creep and wave shape in fatigue on crack growth behavior of STS304 stainless steel have been investigated. Two kinds of stress amplitudes were considered in creep crack growth test : they were nominal stresses of σ_{n}=130MPa and an=150MPa Three types of wave shapes were considered in fatigue crack growth test : they were fast-fast, fast-slow and slow-fast(fast : 0.5sec, slow 500sec). The maximum stress intensity factor K_{max}, was a parameter able to evaluate crack growth behavior regardless of stress amplitude in creep crack growth test. The crack growth rates of wave shapes having long loading time were accelerated better than that of wave shape having short loading time, that is, the case of fast-slow and slow-fast were faster than that of fast-fast. The acceleration of the crack growth rate was affected much better by positive loading than negative loading, that is, the case of slow-fast was faster than that of fast-slow. Fractography of fractured surfaces correlated with the result of the crack growth behavior test.

자가면역 용혈빈혈의 임상적 분석

박치영,강지은,박상곤,김상현,김형선,정춘해 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2

Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a very uncommon disorder with the incidence between one and three cases per a hundred thousans a year. There have been very few studies about AIHA in Korea because of its low incidence. Most AIHA studies in Korea were about case history. The aim of this study was to review the clinical features, therapy and outcome of AIHA patients in single institution clinic. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of AIHA patients from December 2002 to December 2006. Results: Twelve patient with AIHA were identified, and their median age was 49 years (range 27-75). Male to female ratio is 9:3. The median hemoglobin level was 5.0 g/㎗ (range 2.5-8.2). Warm type AIHA was most common (8/12), cold type was three, and mixed type was one. There was histories of associated disease in six patients. Two patients were complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus and mycoplasma infection and one patient by idiopathic myelofibrosis and solid tumor. Oral steroid was used as the first-line treatment in nine patients. An initial response was observed in eight patients with complete response. One patient had not responded to the initial steroid treatment, and then showed complete response with rituximab. Two relapsed patients were treated with rituximab and partial splenic embolization. Conclusion: The majority of patients can be treated with steroid. Rituximab can improve the response rate in relapsed and refractory AIHA.

von Willebrand's disease 1예

박치영,모성환,문철호,곽재정,김태종,전용준,박유환,정춘해 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is the most common autosomal-dominant inherited disorder resulting from a quantitative or a qualitative defect of von Willebrand factor (vWF). The most diagnostic pattern is the combination of a prolonged bleeding time, a reduction in plasma vWF concentration, a parallel reduction in ristocetin cofactor activity, and reduced factor Ⅷ activity, In this case, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation data were compatible with that of vWD. Bleeding times were prolonged over 4 minutes, vWF antigen levels were 45%. vWF ristocetin cofactor activities were 0~1% and factor Ⅷ levels were 31%, when compared to the normal control. We report the case of a family with vWD. characterized by a quantitative defect in vWF