Metallurgical Process for Total Recovery of All Constituent Metals from Copper Anode Slimes: A Review of Established Technologies and Current Progress

Jae‑chun Lee,Kurniawan Kurniawan,Kyeong Woo Chung,Sookyung Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Copper anode slimes, the by-product of the copper electrorefining process, have been the subject of extensive investigationfor recovering precious metals viz., Au, Ag, Pt and Pd, in addition to being the main source of rare/energy-critical elementssuch as Se and Te. There have been various approaches aiming at the development of extraction processes involving thermaland aqueous approaches and their combination. In this paper, the literature relating to the treatments of copper anode slimeis compiled to present the underlying concept for the total recovery of all valuable metals from anode slimes. The industrialand proposed scenarios gathered from various sources show that the basis of applying different streams essentially dependson the concentration of copper and selenium in the slimes. Copper anode slime processing has a history of being in a developmentperiod, though at times showing overlaps. The discussion of each metallurgical process is basically explained bythermodynamic analysis using suitable software as well as fundamentals of the chemistry. Recent progress is highlightedand compared to the established technologies with regard to environmental impact and economic consideration/feasibility. This discussion is followed by the construction of a conceptual flowsheet on the progress currently made. It is expected thatfurther work regarding metal recovery from copper anode slimes would objectively shorten the number of stages for thepretreatment as well as metal separation from leach solutions.

林道斜面의 崩壞에 關한 硏究

全槿雨,吳在萬 江原大學校 林科大學 森林科學硏究所 1991 Journal of Forest Science Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to find out the suitable gradient and length of the slope from the landslide of banking slope and cutting slope caused by rainfall. The survey was carried out on forest road built in 1986. And the period of survey was from June, 1989 to August, 1989 after dividing the forest road into A and B. The survey plots consisted of the 12 banking slopes and 6 cutting slopes. The results obtained from the study were summarized as follows; 1. The rate of landslide appeared 75% in A forest road, 50% in B forest road, and then the average 67% in A and B forest road. But the value of landslide showed considerably low. 2. Because of landslide chiefly occuring on banking slope of 36˚∼38˚ and on cutting slope of 42˚∼ 43˚, it is suitable to decide the banking slope and cutting slope below each 36˚and 40˚. 3. Landslide was the same on banking slopes through the length of slope. The best suitable length of slope is below 4m in cutting slope.

토양에서 분리된 Acrylamide 분해 세균 JK-7의 분리 및 특성

천재우,오계현 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.9 No.2

The feasibility of using pure culture for acrylamide degradation, with the ultimate aim of application for biological treatment process, was explored. The present study reports on the test cultures which were developed to grow aerobically with acrylamide as the sole source carbon and nitrogen. A bacterial isolate, strain JK-7 was isolated from paddy soil samples, Strain JK-7 could degrade 50 mM acrylamide completely within 72 hours of incubation. Major intermediates resulting from acrylamide degradation were not detected with the HPLC methodology except acrylic acid which appeared to accumulate transiently in the growth medium. Initial pH 7.2 of the cultures became to increase 8.4 at the end of incubation. When JK-7 cells were grown at over 100 mM acrylamide, there was a pause of cell growth, resulting in a reduction in the rates of acrylamide degradation. Survival test revealed that cells exposed to low concentrations of acrylamide enable to the strain JK-7 to survive at a lethal concentration of 100 mM acrylamide. The relationships between the acrylamide degradation by JK-7 and several relevant physicochemical environmental parameters were examained. The effect of supplemented carbons(e.g., glucose, fructose, citrate, succinate) on the acrylamide degradation by the test culture of JK-7 was evaluared. The results indicated that the addition of carbons accelerated the bacterial growth and acrylamide degradation compared to in the absence of supplemented carbons. The effect of supplemented nitrogens on the degradation was monitored. Increasing concentrations of yeast extract resulted in higher growth yield, based on the turbidity measurement, and complete degradation of acrylamide. However, acrylamide degradation was essentially uninfluenced by the addition of (NH_(4))_(2)So_(4),NH_(4)Cl, or urea. The bacterium was identified as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas in the basis of use BIOLOG test, and designated as Pseudomonas sp. JK-7

해양에서 분리한 Lantobacillus sp. JK-8에 의한 질병원인 세균의 살균효과

천재우,마채우,오계헌 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2004 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this work was to investigate for killing effect of disease-causing bacteria by Lactobacillus sp. JK-8 isolated from marine environment. Initially, a bacterial culture, strain JK-8 was developed to grow no MRS media. The bacterium was identified as genus Lactobacillus on the basis of BIOLOG test, and designated as Lactobacillus sp. JK-8. The intial pH 7 of the cultures became to decrease pH 3.85 at the end of incubaction according to the growth of Lactobacillus sp. JK-8. The antibacterial activity using plate diffusion method against target bacteria was determined with 5-fold concentrate of cell-free culture supernatant. Excellent killing effect of target bacteria was achieved. The inhibition zone obtained with culture supernatant were in between 14 mm and 20 mm. Killing rate of pathogenic bacteria was examined with cell-free concentrated supernatants. All bacteria tested in this work completely killed within 3 hrs of incubaction.

림프종 환자에서의 갈륨, TI-201 그리고 Tc-99m MIBI 섭취의 비교

천경아,조인호,원규장,이경희,이형우,현명수,이재태,이규보 영남대학교 의과대학 2002 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.19 No.2

Purpose; Ga-67 scintigraphy has been used for the evaluation of tumors, especially lymphoma. Recently, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI were also used to tumor imaging. Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI had better physiologic characteristics than Ga-67, so we studied 32 biopsy proven lymphoma patients (male 24, female 8, mean age 46 years) with Ga-67, Tl-201 or Tc-99m MIBI and compared the scan findings. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three of 32 patients were injected 74-111 MBq (2-3 mCi) of Tl-201, before chemotherapy and imaged with dual-headed SPECT (Prism 2000, Picker, USA) at 30 minutes after injection. Delayed images were obtained after 3 hr in 8 patients. Twenty seven of 32 patients were injected 740 MBq (20 mCi) of Tc-99m MIBI and imaged at 30 minutes after injection. 111-185 MBq (3-5 mCi) of Ga-67 was injected in 12 patients and imaged at 48 and 72 hours after injection. Twenty eight patients were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and others were Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results: Twenty patients were positive on Tl-201 scan and 3 patients showed negative findings. One of these 3 patients, Tc-99m MIBI and Ga-67 scan were positive. Twenty two patients were positive on Tc-99m MIBI scan and 5 patients showed negative findings. One of these 5 patients, Tl-201 was positive and 2 were positive on Ga-67 scan. Ten of 12 patients showed positive findings on Ga-67 scan. The sensitivity of these agents were 83.3%, 87.0% and 81.5% for Ga-67, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI, respectively. The sensitivity was highest in Tl-201 scan, but there were no significant differences among three tests. In this study, there was no significant difference of uptake ratios between early and delayed images of Tl-201. Conclusion: Scintigraphy with Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI in lymphoma patients have similar sensitivity with Ga-67.

流域의 環境保全을 고려한 합리적인 林道施工에 관한 硏究(Ⅰ) : 일본에 있어서 최근의 林道事業을 중심으로 Recently forest road conservation in Japan

全權雨,江崎次夫,吳在萬 江源大學校 森林科學硏究所 1996 Journal of Forest Science Vol.12 No.-

우리나라에서는 농업분야의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 일환으로 임도사업이 전국적으로 실시되고 있으나 임도개설에 따른 土砂流出 및 水質惡化 등의 환경문제가 대두되고 있다. 따라서 임도사업의 역사가 길고 자연환경 등이 우리나라와 유사한 일본에 있어서 임도분야의 연구방향, 임도개설유역의 환경영향평가 방법, 環境親和型 林道施工 및 연구방법에 대한 자료를 정리하였으므로 앞으로의 合理的인 流域管理와 親環境的 林道事業에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 생각된다. In our country, nation-wide forest road works are being carried out as one of the efforts to bolster the international competitiveness of agriculture, however such environmental problems as sediment discharge and water quality degradation accompany such efforts more often than not. Hence, in this research report. we compile and analyze the Japanese sources dealing with the 「research direction of the forest road construction」, 「environmental impact assessment upon the watershed of the forest road construction」 , 「environmentally-sound forest road construction and its research method」 in consideration of the fact that natural environment of Japan is similar to that of our country and Japanese forest road works has a long history. We hope that this report be useful to the reasonable watershed management and the environmentally-sound forest road works.

日本의 海岸砂防에 관한 연구(II) : 沖繩縣의 海岸保安林을 중심으로;On Seaside Protection Forest in Okinawa Prefecture

全槿雨,李在善,朴完根,幸喜善福,中島勇喜,江崎次夫 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2004 Journal of Forest Science Vol.20 No.-

우리나라에 있어서 海岸林의 多面的 機能과 時代的 價値觀의 변화를 파악하고, 海岸砂防의 참고자료를 얻기 위해 일본의 海岸林과 海岸砂防에 대한 각종 자료를 수집·분석하고 있다. 전보(全槿雨 등, 2002)에 이어 日本 沖繩縣의 海岸防災林을 중심으로 海岸林의 槪要, 海岸保安林의 實態와 각 島嶼別 주요 海岸砂防用 樹種 및 대표적인 海岸保安林에 대하여 분석·정리하였다. Management system of coastal erosion-control forest in Japan together with coast sand dune fixation and stabilization were investigated and analyzed to introduce to Korean researchers the many-sided importance and function of coastal forest and its chage from the standpoint of social value. In this study some suggestions and ideas were proposed for establishment of coastal forest including some suggestions and idea were proposed for establishment of coastal forest including seaside protection forest characteristics and tree species for coastal dune fixation, based on the analysis of date which were collected from the seaside protection forest in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan.

江原道 소나무林의 特性에 관한 綜合的 硏究(Ⅲ) : 江原大學校 構內林의 根系 形態와 分布에 대하여 Studies on the Tree-Root Form and Distribution on the Campus Forest, Kangwon Nat'l Univ.

吳在萬,全槿雨 江源大學校 林科大學 森林科學硏究所 1994 Journal of Forest Science Vol.10 No.-

樹木의 뿌리는 樹木의 生長과 土壤의 構造改善에 밀접한 관계가 있음에도 불구하고 地下部에 위치하고 있으므로 연구가 미진한 상태이다. 따라서 각 樹種의 根系의 발달상태를 파악하는 것은 그 樹種의 특성 파악과 뿌리가 地表固定에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 江原道 소나무林의 특성을 파악하기 위한 기초연구의 일부로서 일차적으로 江原大學校 構內 소나무林의 根系의 形態 및 分布에 대하여 규명하였다. 5개의 供試木에 대해 조사한 결과 뿌리의 形態는 水平根이 잘 발달되어 있었다. 뿌리의 分布에 있어서 크기별로는 細根은 대부분이 点在(+)하고 있었으며, 太根은 0.2㎝가 대부분이었다. 깊이별로는 太根, 細根 모두가 10∼30㎝에서 60∼70% 이상 집중되었으며, 太根은 주로 0.9㎝ 이하였고, 細根은 대부분이 点在(+)하고 있었다. Because of the underground existence of roots, a few studies have been reported on root system. The developmental information of roots should be understood for the studies of specific tree traits and the influence of such traits on the soil surface fixation. In order to clarify the specific character of pine forest in Kangwon Province, the investigation on the form and distribution of root system of pine trees were carried out for 5 trees in the Campus Forest, Kangwon National Univ.. Root form was very well in flat root. As soil depth was approximatly 50㎝, fine roots were very sparsly distributed(+), roots of 0.2㎝ in diameter were most common and roots > 0.2㎝ were very rare, also thickness thined. 60∼70% all the roots were developed at the depth of 0∼30㎝, where big roots were below 0.9㎝ in diameter and fine roots were higly sparse(+).

韓國春蘭의 分布와 環境

李東祐,鄭載東,全在琪 慶北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.52 No.-

韓國春蘭의 主分布地는 西海岸의 白翎島에서 江華島를 거쳐 西海岸 泰安半島, 群山, 金堤, 任實, 咸陽, 陜川, 淸道, 慶州, 浦項, 鬱陵島를 잇는 線의 남쪽지역이며 잎무늬종과 色花는 全羅南北道 全域에 넓게 分布하고 있었고 경산남도 해안쪽에서도 일부 分布하고 있었다. 自生地의 傾斜度는 20∼40˚, 수종은 7∼14種, 遮光率은 45∼93%로 地域間 差異가 있었다. 自生地 植物은 統營이 굴참나무와 갈참나무, 長城은 갈참나무와 진달래, 光州에서는 청미래덩굴의 頻度가 높았으나 長城과 光州의 遮光은 주로 소나무군락의 影響을 받았다. 自生地 無機物含量은 질소, 인산 칼리, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 규산 모두 O_1, O_2∼A_1, A_2층의 順으로 내려갈수록 減少하는 傾向이었으며 腐葉의 含量도 마찬가지였다. 뿌리의 着生은 主로 葉소가 붙어있는 마디의 1∼5節위에 着生하였으며 ??芽와 花芽는 잎이 着生된 마디의 1∼2절에 주로 着生되었다. Chmbidium goeringii was distributed mainly in the southern part of Korean penninsula such area as Back-ryungdo, Kangwado, taeanbando, Kunsan, Kimhae, Imsil, Hapchun, Chungdo, Kyungju, Pohang and Uleungdo. Varients of leaf and flower were found largely in Honam region and coastal region of Kyungsangnamdo. The slope of growth site was ranged 20˚to 5˚, having 7˚to 14˚species of trees and bushes, and percent shading to full sunlight was 45% to 93%. Quwecus variabilis and Q aliena in Tongyung, Q. aliena and Rhododendron mucronulatum in Changsung, and Smilax china in Kwangju the most frequently distributed in the growing land of C. goeringii, but the population of C. goeringii in both Changsung and Kwangju was ecologically influenced by Pinus densiflora. Total-N, P_2O_5, K_2O, CaO, MgO and SiO_2 in the soil of the growing land of C. goeringii were content of humus was also increased in O_1 layer.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.