離騷의 性格

金學主 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-

Since Ssu-ma Ch'ien eulogized Ch'u¨ Yu¨an as a great patriotic poet and his Li-Sao (Encountering Sorrow) as a song of"loyalty to his king and love to the people," from Wang Yi (Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chang Chu¨楚辭章句) to modern Chinese scholars (Ch'u Tz'uˇYen Chiu Lun Wen Chi 楚辭硏究論文集), most of the scholars have interpreted Li-Sao as a patriotic poem. But lately some scholars, such as Liao P'ing(Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chiang Yi 楚辭講義), Ho T'ian Hsing (Ch'u T'zu¨ Tzo Yu¨ Han Tai K'ao 楚辭作於漢代考), and Chu Tung Jun (Ch'u Ko and Ch'u Tz'uˇ 楚歌與楚辭, Writer of Li-Sao 離騷的作者, etc.), denying the existence of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an, contended that Li-Sao is a song of "fairy excursion."In this paper, I have examined the above mentioned two directions of interpretation of Li-Sao, and analogized it's character through the analysis of the text. For the convenience of quotation of the text, I gave numbers from 1 to 188 to every line (two phrase for one line) of Li-Sao. (2) In the text of Li-Sao, lines 17-20, 40-41, 44 and 188 directly express the poet's loyalty to his king or love to the people (or the country). But most of the general purport arrives at the despair and resentment to this world. Besides, on the lines 13-16, 19, 38-39, 53, 72-87, and 145-149, we can find a description of the conduct of great sages and tyrants. These also show that Li-Sao is a patriotic poem. On the other hand, in most of the text of Li-Sao the poet describes his visionary excursion to the fairyland and heaven. On lines 54-64, we find his desire of the long journey, and on lines 72-185, we find his three-time fairy excursions. Consequently, we can say that Li-Sao is a song of fairy excursion. (3) Of course there are far more lines which support Li-Sao as a patriotic poem or song of fairy excursion. But both of these two interpretations have a good many negative expressions in themselves. We find in them defects not sufficient to assert the character of the poem as such. So I analyzed the text various ways to obtain the clear character of it. As a result, I draw a deduction that this originated from an early shaman of Ch'u. In concluding the character of Li-Sao, most important factor is an interpretation of P'eng Hsien, which is stated in the last paragraph: "Since none is worthwhile to work with in making good government, I will go and join P'eng Hsien in the place where he abides.(旣莫足與爲美政兮, 吾將從彭咸之所居)" Wang Yi commented on P'eng Hsien as a "sage of Shang dynasty, who drowned himself because his king disregarded his advice," and the last line of Li-Sao has been taken as the poet's statement of his intention to drown himself. But it is clear that his explanation has no basis. As Ho T'ien-Hsing (at Ch'u Tz'uˇ Tzo Yi Han Tai K'ao) pointed out, it is very reasonable to explain P'eng Hsien as ancient shamans, Wu P'eng and Wu Hsien, shown in: Shang Hai Ching, and "to join P'eng Hsien" means rather the poet's, intention to devote himself to occult training as a shaman. At the beginning of Li-Sao, the poet described his family lineage because early shamans were handed down from father to son as a profession. And he introduced his name(字) as Ling Chun(靈均). When we think of Wang Yi's commentary "靈, 巫也" and other shaman's name Ling Hsiu, Ling Fen, and Ling Pao of the Ch'u Tz'uˇ, the name Ling Chu¨n bespeaks itself a name of a shaman. Before his first visionary excursion, the poet paid a visit to the spirit of Emperor Shun to get his advice, which means that Shun was one of the spirit enshrined by the poet shaman. This fact also, explains why Li-Sao has so many descriptions of loyalty to the Kingand love of the country. And most of the works of Ch'u Tz'uˇ, which recorded under the, name of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an and his student Sung Yu¨, such as Chiu-Ko, T`ian-Wen, Yuan-You, P'u-Chu¨, Chiu-Pian, Chao-Hun, and Ta-Chao preserve more obvious tinges of shaman than Li-Sao. Consequently, it might be maintained that Li-Sao is a early song of shaman, neither a patriotic poem nor a song of fairy excursion.

Exploring the Effect of Comprehensibility in K-content Titles on Behavioral Intention: A Need for Cognition Perspective

Chu,Kyounghee(Kyounghee Chu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

This study empirically explores the impact of the comprehensibility of K-content titles on consumer evaluation. The specific objective of the research is as follows: to analyze the influence of the comprehensibility level of K-content titles on behavioral intentions (intention to watch). More specifically, this study aims to verify whether the patterns of influence of comprehensibility levels of K-content titles on consumer evaluations differ based on need for cognition(NFC) levels. The experimental results revealed differences in intention to watch K-movies depending on cognitive needs levels. In other words, viewers with lower need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with titles that are more comprehensible compared to those with less comprehensible titles. On the other hand, viewers with higher need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with less comprehensible titles compared to those with more comprehensible titles. Prior research has primarily focused on consumer responses to the comprehensibility of key messages or information within the field of communication. In this regard, by applying the concept of comprehensibility to the titles of K-Contents, this research strengthens the theoretical foundation concerning the effectiveness of message delivery and consumer response, while also deepening the understanding of global marketing strategies for K-Contents. In terms of practical implications, it emphasizes to K-Content creators and marketers that the comprehensibility of titles significantly influences consumer interest and viewing intentions. This offers critical guidance in the selection of titles and formulation of marketing strategies for K-Contents. Furthermore, optimizing content titles for a global audience with diverse cognitive needs can contribute to the successful international spread of K-Contents. Therefore, by comprehensively understanding the impact of K-Content titles on consumer evaluations, this study is expected to make significant contributions both academically and practically.

龜玆樂 關聯의 개存 硏究成果 檢討 : A Critical Review

홍주희 한국음악사학회 2002 한국음악사학보 Vol.29 No.-

In order to make a systematic approach to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ music 龜玆樂, this paper is intended to investigate the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean and Chinese scholars from the 1950s to the present. Most outcomes have been studied by Chinese musicologists including P'an Huai-su 播?素, Ch'ang Jen-hsia 常任俠, Chou Chi 周吉, Ho Ch'ang-lin 何昌林, Ch'iu Ch'iung-lin 丘璟蓀, Li Ping 呂氷 and so on. Also included are such Korean scholars as An Hwak 安廓, Lee Hye-ku [Yi Hye-gu] 李惠求, Song Bang-song [Song Pang-song] 宋芳松, Cho˘n In-p'yo˘ng 全仁平 and Hong Chu-hu˘i 洪周希, and also such Japanese musicologists as Kishibe Shigeo 岸邊成雄 and Hayashi Kenzo― 林謙三. The outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music can be divided into two groups in a broad sence : the first group is the outcomes related directly with Kuei-tzu˘ music, while the other group, the outcomes related indirectly with Kuei-tzu˘ music. This paper consists of three parts : Ⅰ. Introduction, Ⅱ. The Main Issue : 1. Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music : 1) Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Ancient Period; Modal Theory Called We-tan-ch'i-sheng 五旦七聲 by Su Chih-p'o 蘇祗婆, Historical Change of Musical Scale, Musical Instruments, and General Approach to Kuei-tzu˘ Music, 2) Relation between Ancient Kuei-tzu˘ Music and Current Makam, 2. Studies of Indirectly Related with Kuie-tzu˘ Music : 1) Outcomes by Cultural Approach, 2) Outcomes by Iconographic Materials, 3) General Survey, Ⅲ. Conclusion. In conclusion it is pointed out that the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean scholars are very poor in comparison with those by Japanese and Chinese scholars. Translations of studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Kishibe Shigeo and Hayashi Kenzo― made a contribution to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Korea. The author, therefore, emphasizes that it is necessary to translate works on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Chinese scholars into Korean.

元曲 特質 小考

李桂柱 단국대학교 중어중문학과 1974 中國文學報 Vol.- No.1

이동로봇의 여유자유도 최적화에 관한 이론적 고찰

주백석(B. Chu1),성영휘(W.H. Sung) 한국생산제조학회 2013 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.8

ADGO: analysis of differentially expressed gene sets using composite GO annotation

Nam, Dougu,Kim, Sang-Bae,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Yang, Sungjin,Kim, Seon-Young,Chu, In-Sun Oxford University Press 2006 Bioinformatics Vol.22 No.18

<P><B>Motivation:</B> Genes are typically expressed in modular manners in biological processes. Recent studies reflect such features in analyzing gene expression patterns by directly scoring gene sets. Gene annotations have been used to define the gene sets, which have served to reveal specific biological themes from expression data. However, current annotations have limited analytical power, because they are classified by single categories providing only unary information for the gene sets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Here we propose a method for discovering composite biological themes from expression data. We intersected two annotated gene sets from different categories of Gene Ontology (GO). We then scored the expression changes of all the single and intersected sets. In this way, we were able to uncover, for example, a gene set with the molecular function <I>F</I> and the cellular component <I>C</I> that showed significant expression change, while the changes in individual gene sets were not significant. We provided an exemplary analysis for HIV-1 immune response. In addition, we tested the method on 20 public datasets where we found many ‘filtered’ composite terms the number of which reached ∼34% (a strong criterion, 5% significance) of the number of significant unary terms on average. By using composite annotation, we can derive new and improved information about disease and biological processes from expression data.</P><P><B>Availability:</B> We provide a web application (ADGO: http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO) for the analysis of differentially expressed gene sets with composite GO annotations. The user can analyze Affymetrix and dual channel array (spotted cDNA and spotted oligo microarray) data for four species: human, mouse, rat and yeast.</P><P><B>Contact:</B> chu@kribb.re.kr</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B> http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO</P>

유치열과 혼합치열기 어린이의 상악 절치부 외상

정주현,이제호,김성오,최병재 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

현대인의 생활양식과 환경이 도시화 및 인공화되고 취미활동이 다양화됨에 따라 외상을 받을 수 있는 요인들을 증가하고, 특히 어린이 활동량이 많아져 외상의 기회가 잦아지고 있다. 어린이에서 외상이 발생하는 경우, 어린이의 일상적인 활동 뿐 아니라, 사회성 및 정서 발달에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 그 보호자에게도 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있기에 외상의 발생 빈도를 줄이고 예방하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 유지열과 혼합치열기에 발생하는 치아 외상을 예방하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여, 특히 구강악안면부의 외상시 치아 외상을 가장 많이 받는 상악 유절치와 영구절치를 연구하기 위하여, 2002년 6월부터 2003년 5월까지 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 유치열과 혼합치열기의 신환 8.799명중 상악 절치부 외상을 주소로 내원한 어린이 487명(남자 316명, 여자 171명)의 상악 절치 955개(유절치543개, 영구절치 412개)를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 상악 절치부 외상이 호발하는 나이는 유절치에서 1~3세, 영구절치에서 7세였으며 남자대 여자의 비율은 1.85:1이었다. 2. 상악 절치부 외상은 유절치와 영구절치 모두 오후 시간에 많이 발생하였으며, 유절치는 외상 장소로 집이 가장 많았고 (44.1%), 영구절치는 길에서 다치는 경우가 가장 많았다(17.5%). 3. 외상의 원인으로 유절치와 영구절치 모두 넘어져 다치는 경우가 가장 많았으며(39.8%, 12.9%), 다음으로 부딪히는 경우가 많았다(22.2%, 6.0%). 유절치에서는 다음으로 떨어져 다치는 경우, 교통사고, 폭력과 운동에 의한 외상 순이었으며, 영구절치에서는 폭력, 운동, 교통사고, 떨어져 다치는 순이었다. 4. 조사대상 어린이 1명당 유절치는 1.6개, 영구절치는 2.8개에 외상을 입었다. 5. 유절치와 영구절치 모두에서, 치관 파절 양상은 치수미노출 치관 파절이 많았고, 치주조직 외상 양상은 아탈구가 가장 많았다. 최근 어린이의 단체 생활이나 운동과 취미 활동에 참여하는 나이가 예전에 비하여 점차 낮아지고 있어, 이번 연구 결과와 같이, 외상이 발생하는 나이 역시 지속적으로 낮아질 수 있다. 나이에 따른 어린이의 외상을 받는 장소는 특별한 곳이 아닌, 집이나 학교와 같은 일상의 생활공간이기 때문에 단순한 주의만으로도 외상의 발생을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In children, change in lifestyles such as an increase in participation of physical activities has increased the chance of receiving an injury, harming the child and their parents. This study was carried out to give basic information of traumatic injuries to the upper anterior teeth which can be used in prevention of future complications that may arise. From June, 2002 to May, 2003, of the 8,799 children in their primary and mixed dentition visiting Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University. 955 upper anterior teeth(primary 543, permanent 412) of 487 children(ma1e 316, female 171) with traumatic injures to the upper incisors were studied. The results were as follows: 1. Trauma to the primary teeth prevailed at the age of 1-3 and to the permanent teeth at the age of 7. The male to female ratio was 1.851. 2. Trauma to the upper incisors for both the primary and permanent teeth occurred in the afternoon. Primary teeth were injured most frequently in the home(44.1%) and the permanent teeth outdoors, in the street(l7.5%). 3. Both the primary and permanent teeth were most injured by fall-down injuries(39.8%, 12.9%), and next were collisions(22.2%, 6.0%) :For the primary teeth, high fall, traffic accident, violence and sports are next in order, and for the permanent teeth, violence, sorts, traffic accidents were next. 4. Average number of 1.6 primary teeth and 2.8 permanent teeth were injured with the right central incisor most prevailing. 5. Crown fracture without pulpal exposure and subluxation injures were highest in frequency in both the primary and permanent teeth.

木花 品質形質의 組合能力分析

崔周鎬 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2002 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.15 No.-

1999年 4月부터 2001年 12月까지 晋州産業大學校 學生實習圃場에서 木花 10개 品種을 二面 交配하여 얻은 F_(1), F_(2), 45개 組合을 材料로 하여 品質形質의 組合能力을 分析한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 組合能力의 分散量은 GCA 및 SCA는 全 形質에서 有意하여 組合能力은 相加的, 非相加的 效果가 함께 작용하였으나 形質에 따라 差異가 있었다. 2. GCA의 效果는 100립중. 朔當實綿重 에서는 世代에 關係없이 임성 및 Tamcot이 正의 效果를, 삭당조면증, 조면비율은 世代에 關係없이 Tamcot과 Stoneville이 正의 效果를 나타내었다. 摘採綿은 世代에 關係없이 Ouall와 제주에서 正의 效果를, 木採綿은 世代에 關係없이 임성이 높은 正의 效果를 나타내었다. 收量은 世代에 關係없이 Ouall와 제주에서 높은 正의 效果를 나타내었다. 3. SCA의 效果의 100립중에서 F_(1)은 Jackson×승주, Stoneville×제주, F_(2) 世代에서는 무안×임성 組合과 朔當實綿重의 F_(1)은 Steneville×승주, F_(2) 世代에서는 Tamcot×임성 組合과, 朔當繰綿重의 F_(1)은 Tamcot×서산·제주, F_(2) 世代에서는 Stoneville×무안, Ouall×승주의 組合에서 正의 效果가 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 繰綿比率의 F_(1)은 Stoneville×Tamcot·승주, F_(2) 世代에서는 Stoneville×무안의 組合에서 正의 效果가 있는 것으로 높게 평가되었다. 摘採綿은 F_(1)은 Jackson×Ouall, F_(2) 世代에서는 Ouall×승주의 組合에서 正의 效果가 있는 것으로 높게 평가되었다. 木採綿에서 F_(1)은 Tamcot×임성, F_(2) 世代에서는 Stoneville×무안의 組合에서 負의 效果가 있는 것으로 높게 평가되었다. 收量에서 F_(1), F_(2) 兩世代에서 Ouall ×승주 組合에서 正으로 높게 평가되었다. For this study, 45 combinations of F_(1) and F_(2) generations were bred from 10 varieties of cotton through diallel cross during the period from April to December, 1997. The combining abilities of their growth character were analyzed with the following results: 1. In the variance of combining ability, GCA and SCA were significant in all the characters. Both the additive effect and the non-additive effect were shown in the combining ability, but the difference between characters was significant. 2. In the effect analysis of GCA, Imsung and Tamcot showed a negative effect in 100-seed weight and seed cotton weight regardless of generations. In Lint weight and Lint percentag Tamcot and Stoneville showed a positive effect regardless of generations. The Picked cotton Ouall and Cheju showed negative effect regardless of generations. Stiak-cut cotton showed a positive effect in Imsung. Yield showed a highly positive effect in Oull and Cheju. 3. In SCA effect, 1000-seed weight showed a highly negative effect in F_(1) of Jackson×Imsung, Stoneville×Cheju and F_(2) Muan×Imsung combination, Seed cotton weight highly negative effect in F_(1) of stoneville×Sungju and F_(2) of Tamcot×Imsung combination, Lint weight showed a highly effect in F_(1) of Tamcot×Seosan·Cheju and F_(2) of Stoneville×Muan, Ouall×Sungju combination, Lint percentage effect height in of F_(1) of Stoneville×Tamct·Sungju and F_(2) of Stoneville×Muan Combination. width of Picked cotton showed a positive effect in F_(1) of Jackson×Ouall and F_(2) of Ouall×Sungju and according of Stalk-cut cotton shown n egative effect in F_(1) of Tamct×Imsung and F_(2) of Stoneville×Muan, Yield stowed apositved affect in F_(1) and F_(2) of Ouall×Sungju Combination.

Coloring기법을 이용한 향상된 5-셀 PNPSF 테스트 알고리즘

장주석,윤태진 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.2(A)

State-of-the-art memory chips are designed with spare rows and columns for reconfiguration purposes. After a memory chip is reconfigured, Physically adjacent cells may no longer have consecutive logical addresses. In this paper, we present new test algorithms to detect 5-cell Physical neighborhood pattern sensitive faults in dynamic RAMs, even if the logical and physical addresses are different and the physical-to-logical address mapping is not available. These algorithms have test length of O(N[log_2N][log_3N]^2) for N-bit RAMs, and also detect other faults such as stuck-at and coupling faults. The algorithms depend on the 3-coloring algorithm that trichromatically colors all the triplets among a group on n object in at most [log_3N]^2 coloring steps and 2-coloring algorithm that differently colors all the pairs among a group of n object in at most [log_2N] coloring step.

3D scanner를 이용한 자동인체계측프로그램의 활용방안 : 노년여성을 중심으로 For Elderly Women

서추연 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 2003 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

This study was designed to examine the currently-used 3-D scanner and automatic body measuring program and to verify the usefulness of automatic body measuring program through the comparative analysis of results of direct body measuring with the automatic body measuring method using 3-D scanner for elderly women. 1. The analysis on the 3-D scanner and automatic body measuring program used in Korea showed that the 3D whole body scanner(WB4)(Cyberware Inc., USA) and Scan Worx VV2.6(Techmath Inc., Germany) had a comparatively high performance in terms of data gathering function and interchangeability between programs. 2. According to the results of comparing direct body measuring with automatic body measuring, no significant differences existed in all measurement items except back length. This result assures that the automatic body measuring is greatly reliable. In case of measuring the back length of elderly women using the automatic body measuring program, a scrupulous attention should be paid since the automatic body measuring program measures a vertical distance from back neck point to center back waist point, whileas the elderly women's back tends to be bent. 3. Comparing the Body measurement report for Elderly women(2002) with the results of this study, the measurement results in most of measurement items turned out to be similar, meaning that the results of this study can be used in body shape analysis as well as apparel production. 4. According to the somatotype analysis based on the KS K0055, the body type can be classified in the order of EN type(60.0%)-normal type, EA type(26.7%)-large hip type, and EH type(13.3%)-small hip type. According to the results of body type analysis, there was no significant differences in all measurement items except in thigh girth left, right item. 5. From the results of this study, the body measurement results acquired by using the automatic body measuring program turn out to be very useful. Especially for elderly women, however, the automatic body measuring program was disagreeable in such parts as back length, bust point width, side neck point to bust point length since the program was developed for general people not for the specific elderly women. Therefore, a special care needs to be paid when measuring those items for elderly women by using the program.