3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

축압축력을 받는 원통형 쉘의 비선형 붕괴해석

조현영,김성도,김미옥 부산대학교 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.48 No.-

To investigate imperfection-sensitivity for the cylindrical shell structures, a numerical method for evaluating the equilibrium path of a cylindrical shell subjected to axial load and eccentrically axial load is presented. The effects of both material and geometric nonlinearities were also considered in the analysis. The nonlinear formulation was based on the total Lagrangian description and the nonlinear equations were solved by the Newton-Raphson method with load incremental procedures. Degenerate shell elements with layered approach were employed for the analysis. Comparing with experimental results, nonlinear collapse analysis of cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression is carried out. The characteristics of the elasto-plastic deformation can be found in several numerical examples and the local eccentricity of the axial load affects considerably on the level of critical load due to local buckling. 불완전량이 있는 원통형 쉘의 좌굴 거동을 조사하기 위해, 중심 축하중 및 편심 축하중을 받는 원통형 쉘의 평형 경로를 재료 및 기하학적 비선형성이 고려된 수채해석을 통하여 추적하였다. 이때의 비선형 중분 평형방정식은 total Lagrangian 정식에 따라 유도되며, 하중증분법과 Newton-Raphson 법으로 해를 구한다. 본 연구에는 충분할 해석이 가능한 degenerate 쉘 요소를 사용하였다. 비선형 붕괴해석 결과와 실제 실험결과와 비교하였으며, 여러 가지 해석예제를 통하여 탄소성 변형의 특성을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 원통형 쉘의 국부좌굴시 편심하중에 의한 내하력의 감소현상이 두드러짐을 알 수 있었다.

처분장근처에서 침식에의한 Sr 화학종의 평형

조윤정,김성현,이인화,김시욱,고문주,박성규,이범규 조선대학교 환경연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Leaching and adsorption equilibria of Sr Chemical Species from the near field of a repository has been studied in solidified cement with Fe and oxidized Fe. The absorption percent, Ads %, and distribution coefficient, K_d were calculated using equilibrium concentration to predict the extent of leaching and adsorption. In the mixed aqueous solutions the Ads % increase as Cement(C)/Water(W) ratios increase and K_d was decreased for Sr. These behaviors were discussed by adsorption and equilibrium of spiked ions. Oxides Fe promoted adsorption of spiked ions, but pure Fe had no effect. E_h values were also estimated and discussed to elucidate oxidation-reduction environment of experimental system.

지능형 도로 정보 안내 시스템

조재현,엄성용 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.8 No.-

If we have any information on the current traffic conditions, it will help us to set up our driving and/or transition plan more effectively. Several traffic information systems are proposed while some are under development. However, these systems have the following drawbacks. First, they do not support complex cost functions. Most of them find only the shortest path between two given points on the map, while sometimes people want to fine a path with less traffic congestion, a path with which they could spend less gasolin, and/or less time, and so on. In addition, they do not consider the effects of cross-roads (especially those with traffic lights) in case of cars or effects of transitions between different lines in case of subway or railroad systems. Note that the direction to take at the cross-road and the period assigned to each signal are very important factors, taking sometimes the most part of the total time spent. These factors should be considered in the traffic information system to reflect the real world we live in. To overcome the drawbacks of existing systems, we propose a new traffic information system.

정상인에서 전기 및 자기 자극을 이용한 설 근육의 전기생리학적 평가

조은미,류종현,안성환,조경원,임건한,김진호,김후원 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.1

Background: Abnormality of lingual muscles is clinically common. But its exact clinical assessment is quite difficult. Evaluation of motor power of the lingual muscles and their neural pathway is limited because of anatomical inaccessibility and individual variation of subjective symptoms. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human motor cortex is a non-invasive tool to assess the functional integrity of the fast conducting central motor pathways and electrical stimulation of lingual nerve is a conventional method of peripheral nerve conduction. Therefore both study will be helpful to understanding of pathophysiology of lingual abnormality. Until now there is no such report in Korea. This study was conducted to acquire the easier method and normal control values of Korean subjects. Method: We recorded the motor responses from the lingual muscles of 32 healthy subjects (22 men, 10 women) by focal cortical TMS with a circular coil. Motor potentials were recorded by means of surface electrodes applied on the both side of the tongue, following TMS several centimeters lateral from the vertex and parietooccipital cortex and peripheral electrical stimulation of the 12th cranial nerve at the lateral 1/3 point of the line between the midline and angle of mandible. Results: During moderate motor activation, majority of maximal motor response were obtained 4-6cm lateral to the vertex with similar latencies. And the responses from magnetic stimulation of the intracranial segment of hypoglossal nerve were discarded because of difficulty to obtain and unsatisfactory reproducibility. The latency of motor evoked potentials in right cortical stimulation was 10.08 ± 1.17 msec and in left stimulation 10.04 ± 1.32 msec. The amplitudes in right 2.15 ± 1.02, left 2.09 ± 1.11 mV. The latencies electric hypoglossal nerve stimulation were 2.42 ± 0.34 in right, 2.49 ± 0.35 msec in left side. The amplitudes were 2.90 ± 2.37 in right, 2.43 ± 1.86 mV in left side. Central conduction times as calculated by subtracting the response latencies obtained by magnetic and electric stimulation are right 7.65 ± 1.19, left 7.55 ± 1.35 msec. There was no significant difference between man and woman, Conclusion: The method may be efficient, noninvasive, painless, and easy reproduced. With more extensive application to various neurological disorders, it comes close to being an ideal clinical conduction study technique for this cranial nerve.

환율변동성이 수출에 미치는 효과분석 : The Case of Korean Export to the U.S. during the Market Average Exchange Rate System of 1990's

현성민,조성일 대진대학교 2000 大眞論叢 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to show the empirical evidence that the exchange rate volatility risk on export could be positive. GARCH(1,l) process, known to be superior method t o any other measures, is used to generate a measure of volatility risk. Exchange rate volatility risk measured by GARCH(1,l) process must be stationary so that volatility risk cannot be included in export equation with any other I(1) variables. Johansen multivariate cointegration test is applied to investigate if there exists a cointegration vector between export volume index, relative price, and the U.S. industrial production index. We can come to conclude that there is at least 1 cointegration vector between three I(1) variables. So the long-run equilibrium export equation is estimated. In the long-run, the relative price has a inelastic negative effects, while the U.S. industrial production has a elastic positive effects on Korean export to the U.S. At the next step, 1st differenced three variables, which are transformed to I(0) stationary, and volatility risk, which is measured GARCH(1.1) process, make up ECM of short-run adjustment dynamics. In the short-run adjustment, exchange rate volatility risk has a statistically significant positive effect on various period lags. This empirical evidence seems to be explained by the real option model and/or the moral hazard phenomenon of Korean exporting firms.

처분장근처에서 침식에 의한 Sr 화학종의 평형

조윤정,김성현,이인화,김시욱,고문주,박성규,이범규 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2000 環境公害硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Leaching and adsorption equilibria of Sr Chemical Species from the near field of a repository has been studied in solidified cement with Fe and oxidized Fe. The absorption percent, Ads %, and distribution coefficient, K_(d) were calculated using equilibrium concentration to predict the extent of leaching and adsorption. In the mixed aqueous solutions the Ads % increase as Cement(C)/Water(W) ratios increase and K_(d) was decreased for Sr. These behaviors were discussed by adsorption and equilibrium of spiked ions. Oxides Fe promoted the adsorption of spiked ions, but pure Fe had no effect. E_(h) values were also estimated and discussed to elucidate oxidation-reduction environment of experimental system.

세침 흡인술을 이용한 종창된 림프절의 세포학적 평가

백강현,윤기영,최호정,정성목,이영원,조성환,박성준 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2011 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1

Fine needle aspiration(FNA) cytology is considered as the diagnostic technique of choice in the assessment of swellen lymph nodes. The aim of this study is to determine the indication and diagnostic method of FNA of lymph node lesions performed at Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. The records of 16 patients which had undergone FNA during the study period were retrieved. The cytological results were classified as lymphadenitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma. Lymphoma cases were classified as B-cell origin and T-cell by immunophenotyping. The result of the FNA cytological diagnosis showed that nine (56%) of the patients were lymphoma, five (31%) of the patients were lymphoid hyperplasia and two (13%) of the patients were lymphadenitis.

개 비장 질환의 미세세침흡입술을 통한 세포병리학 검사 4례

김현아,윤기영,최호정,정성목,이영원,조성환,박성준 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2011 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1

To evaluate the accuracy and diagnostic significance of cytopathological diagnosis of canine splenic disorders, cytopathological examination throgh fine-needle aspiration(FNA) referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University were retrospectived. Splenic neoplasm, hemolymphatic neoplasm, hyperplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis and splenitis were diagnosed canine splenic disorders through cytopathological examination. The patient should be identified what coagulation profile are normal before aspiration, because complication such as hemorrhage could happen. The 4 cases were identified symmetric, asymmetric splenomegaly on abdominal ultrasonography and then were performed ultrasound-guided FNA. The 4 cases were diagnosed hemangiosarcoma(2), hyperplasia(1) and extramedullary hematopoiesis(1) by clinical signs, hematological examination, and cytopathological examination. Cytopathological examination through FNA was cost-effective, no gneral anesthesia, no complication, and non-invasive method of diagnosis for canine splenic disorders.

골반 내 농양 1예

조인숙,이해혁,김태희,이권해,남계현,이임순,김정식,박성진 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a disease that affects young, sexually active, reproductive age women. Most pathogens are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrheae transmitted sexually. One of serious acute complication of PID is tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) that involves the fallopian tube, ovary and adjacent structures (eg, bowel, pelvic peritoneum). The microbiology of TOAs is polymicrobial with anaerobic organisms and causal organisms of PID. Common anaerobic organisms are Peptostretococcus spp, Bacteriodes spp, Prevotella spp, Escherichia coli and aerobic streptococci. Treatment is necessary to admission for intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgery is often reserved for patients with suspected rupture or patients who fail to respond to antibiotics. So, we reported this case found pelvic abscess due to ruptured tube-ovarian abscess.