Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Solanum commersonii and its application to chloroplast genotype in somatic hybrids with Solanum tuberosum

Cho, K. S.,Cheon, K. S.,Hong, S. Y.,Cho, J. H.,Im, J. S.,Mekapogu, M.,Yu, Y. S.,Park, T. H. Springer International 2016 Plant cell reports Vol. No.

<P>Chloroplast genome of Solanum commersonii and S olanum tuberosum were completely sequenced, and Indel markers were successfully applied to distinguish chlorotypes demonstrating the chloroplast genome was randomly distributed during protoplast fusion. Somatic hybridization has been widely employed for the introgression of resistance to several diseases from wild Solanum species to overcome sexual barriers in potato breeding. Solanum commersonii is a major resource used as a parent line in somatic hybridization to improve bacterial wilt resistance in interspecies transfer to cultivated potato (S. tuberosum). Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of Lz3.2 (S. commersonii) and S. tuberosum (PT56), which were used to develop fusion products, then compared them with those of five members of the Solanaceae family, S. tuberosum, Capsicum annum, S. lycopersicum, S. bulbocastanum and S. nigrum and Coffea arabica as an out-group. We then developed Indel markers for application in chloroplast genotyping. The complete chloroplast genome of Lz3.2 is composed of 155,525 bp, which is larger than the PT56 genome with 155,296 bp. Gene content, order and orientation of the S. commersonii chloroplast genome were highly conserved with those of other Solanaceae species, and the phylogenetic tree revealed that S. commersonii is located within the same node of S. tuberosum. However, sequence alignment revealed nine Indels between S. commersonii and S. tuberosum in their chloroplast genomes, allowing two Indel markers to be developed. The markers could distinguish the two species and were successfully applied to chloroplast genotyping (chlorotype) in somatic hybrids and their progenies. The results obtained in this study confirmed the random distribution of the chloroplast genome during protoplast fusion and its maternal inheritance and can be applied to select proper plastid genotypes in potato breeding program.</P>

A dose-finding study for oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 (OIS) in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer

Han, B.,Jung, J. Y.,Kim, H. S.,Cho, J. W.,Kim, K. C.,Lim, H.,Kang, H. S.,Ha, H. I.,Kim, M. J.,Kim, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology Vol.78 No.5

<P>To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), and activity of combined oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Oxaliplatin and irinotecan were administered intravenously on day 1, and S-1 was administered orally on days 1-7, every 2 weeks. This phase I study used the following dose levels for oxaliplatin/irinotecan/S-1: level 1, 85/120/60 mg/m(2); level 2, 85/120/80 mg/m(2); level 3, 85/120/100 mg/m(2); level 4, 85/150/100 mg/m(2); and level 5, 85/180/100 mg/m(2). Treatment was repeated for a maximum of 12 cycles, until disease progression, or until unacceptable toxicity. Twenty-four patients were enrolled between October 2012 and February 2014 (median age 59 years). During the first cycle, one of the six patients in levels 1, 3, and 4 developed a dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 febrile neutropenia), and none of the three patients in level 5 developed a dose-limiting toxicity. As the planned maximum dose did not reach the MTD, the level 5 dose was defined as the RD. Twenty-one patients were evaluated for response, which included 2 cases of complete response and 8 cases of partial response, with an overall response rate of 47.6 %. The combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 provided an acceptable toxicity profile and modest clinical benefits in patients with advanced GI cancer. The RD was 85 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin, 180 mg/m(2) of irinotecan, and 100 mg/m(2) of S-1 every 2 weeks.</P>

세관 양광주 방전에서 플라즈마 확산의 완전 해

김동준,정종문,김정현,황하청,정재윤,조윤희,임현교,구제환,최은하,조광섭,Jin, D.J.,Jeong, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Hwang, H.C.,Chung, J.Y.,Cho, Y.H.,Lim, H.K.,Koo, J.H.,Choi, E.H.,Cho, G.S. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

관경이 수 mm인 세관 램프 내부에서 플라즈마의 확산을 조사하기 위하여 이극성(ambipolar) 확산방정식을 해하였다. 반경 방향의 확산에 의한 유리관 벽에서의 플라즈마 소멸 특성시간은 $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$로 주어진다. 반경 $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$이고 이극성 확산계수 $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$ 이면, $\tau_r{\sim}17\;{\mu}s$이다. 이는 램프의 교류전원 구동에서 플라즈마를 유지하기 위한 구동 최소 주파수 ~30 kHz에 해당한다. 고전압이 인가되는 전극부에 발생한 고밀도의 플라즈마가 양광주로 확산되는 특성시간은 $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$이다. 고밀도 플라즈마 경계에서의 시간에 대한 확산속도는 $t{\sim}10^{-6}\;s$일 때 $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$이고, $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$이면 그 속도는 $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$로 느려진다. 따라서 램프 길이 ~1 m에 대하여 전극부에서 생성된 고밀도 플라즈마가 양광주 전체로 확산되는 시간은 수 초가 걸린다. The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

Theories Applied to m-Health Interventions for Behavior Change in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Cho, Y.-M.,Lee, S.,Islam, S. M. S.,Kim, S.-Y. Mary Ann Liebert 2018 Telemedicine and e-Health Vol.24 No.10

Aluminizing and Boroaluminizing Treatments of Mar-M247 and Their Effect on Hot Corrosion Resistance in Na₂SO₄-NaCl Molten Salt

Cho, J.H.,Kim, T.W.,Son, K.S.,Yoon, J.H.,Kim, H.S.,Leisk, G.G.,Mitton, D.B.,Latanision, R.M. 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.3

The effect of surface modifications of Mar-M247 superalloy on hot corrosion resistance was examined in Na₂SO₄-NaCl molten salt. The Mar-M247 was aluminized and boroaluminized by pack cementation in Ar and underwent a cyclic hot corrosion test in Na₂SO₄-NaCl molten salt. The XRD results showed that a Ni2Al3 phase was formed between the aluminized layer and the substrate when the surface modification temperature was below 1273 K. However, a NiAl phase formed when the temperature was above 1273 K. The intensity of the XRD peak in the NiAl phase increased after post heat treatment. Hot corrosion resistance increased for the specimens containing NiAl rather than Ni₂Al₃ phase. The ductile NiAl phase suppressed the potential for crack initiation during thermal cycling. Post heat treatment increased the corrosion resistance of the aluminized layer for Mar-M247, which underwent surface modification at 1273 K and above. In the boroaluminized Mar-M247 specimens, corrosion resistance decreased as a result of the blocking of outward diffusion of Cr by boron and decreased cohesion between the oxide scale and the aluminized layer during thermal cycling.

Iturin produced by Bacillus pumilus HY1 from Korean soybean sauce (kanjang) inhibits growth of aflatoxin producing fungi

Cho, K.M.,Math, R.K.,Hong, S.Y.,Asraful Islam, S.Md.,Mandanna, D.K.,Cho, J.J.,Yun, M.G.,Kim, J.M.,Yun, H.D. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2009 FOOD CONTROL Vol.20 No.4

A new strain of Bacillus pumilus, designated HY1, was isolated from Korean soybean sauce (kanjang). This classification was based on morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic features of the organism that identified it as a Gram-positive bacillus, and confirmed by 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analysis. Strain HY1 showed strong antifungal activity against the aflatoxin-producing fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, two common contaminants of fermented soybean foods. MALDI-TOF mass analysis revealed that the antifungal compound was similar to the known lipopeptide iturin. Iturin purified from strain HY1 had three isoforms with protonated masses of m/z 1,043.4, 1,057.4, and 1,071.4, and different structures in combination with Na<SUP>+</SUP> ion using MALDI-TOF MS. Purified iturin from HY1 also exhibited antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. parasiticus.

Osmotically driven membrane processes: Exploring the potential of branched polyethyleneimine as draw solute using porous FO membranes with NF separation layers

Cho, M.,Lee, S.H.,Lee, D.,Chen, D.P.,Kim, I.C.,Diallo, M.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Journal of membrane science Vol.511 No.-

Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising membrane process with the potential to offer more efficient separation technologies for various environmental and industrial applications including (i) water reuse, (ii) desalination, and (iii) resource recovery. However, a major and unresolved challenge in FO remains the availability of efficient draw solutions that could be (i) implemented using porous and high flux FO membranes and (ii) reconstituted using a low-energy separation process. This study investigates the potential use of a branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) macromolecule (M<SUB>w</SUB> of 25,000Da) as osmotic agent to formulate new draw solutions that could be deployed using porous FO membranes with nanofiltration (NF) selective layers. To asses the potential of PEI-based draw solutions, we combine (i) osmotic pressure measurements, (ii) membrane preparation and characterization, (iii) water flux and reverse solute permeation measurements and (iv) draw solution concentration experiments using NF. The overall results of this study suggest that branched PEI macromolecules (M<SUB>w</SUB> of 25,000Da) are promising building blocks for the development of draw solutions for osmotically-driven membrane processes using a nanofibrous composite (NFC) polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane with an NF selective layer and no polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microporous support.

Headspace in-tube microextraction coupled with micellar electrokinetic chromatography of neutral aromatic compounds

Cho, S.M.,Park, B.S.,Jung, W.S.,Lee, S.W.,Jung, Y.,Chung, D.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Talanta Vol.148 No.-

<P>Headspace (HS) extraction can be carried out easily and aptly via single drop microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, one drawback is the difficulty of keeping the single drop stably at the capillary tip. To solve this problem, we have recently demonstrated HS in-tube microextraction (ITME) of acidic compounds such as chlrophenols in an acidic sample using a basic run buffer plug in the separation capillary for CE as an acceptor phase. In this report, an organic acceptor plug in a capillary was used to extract neutral organic volatile pollutants such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene). After extraction, the analytes enriched in the organic acceptor plug were analyzed with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The enrichment factors for BTEX in a standard solution were up to 350 under an optimal condition of 25 degrees C for 20 min. As an application, BTEX spiked into bottled water were analyzed with HS-ITME-MEKC, and the enrichment factors for BTEX were up to 320. The limits of detections were 1-4 ppb, which are at least 200 times lower than the US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for drinking water, except benzene. The entire procedure of HS-ITME-MEKC was carried out automatically using a commercial CE instrument. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Inhibitory effect of obovatol on nitric oxide production and activation of NF-κB/MAP kinases in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7cells

Choi, M.S.,Lee, S.H.,Cho, H.S.,Kim, Y.,Yun, Y.P.,Jung, H.Y.,Jung, J.K.,Lee, B.C.,Pyo, H.B.,Hong, J.T. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 european journal of pharmacology Vol.556 No.1

The components of Magnolia obovata are known to have many pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of obovatol, a neolignan compound isolated from the leaves of M. obovata, on nitric oxide (NO) production and NF-κB activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results show that obovatol (1-5 μM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner (IC<SUB>50</SUB>: 0.91 μM). Consistent with the inhibitory effect on NO production, obovatol inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, obovatol suppressed NF-κB (p50 and p65) translocation to the nucleus as well as IκB release resulting in the inhibition of the DNA binding activity of the NF-κB. Obovatol also inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal, which are the most significantly involved signal in NO production and NF-κB activation. When the cells were treated with the combination of obovatol with U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) or SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) as well as with SC-514 (an IKK2 inhibitor), much more inhibition of NO production was observed than that by obovatol alone. The present results suggest that obovatol has an inhibitory effect on NO production through the inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK activity, and thus can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Novel Ag@TiO₂ nanocomposite synthesized by electrochemically active biofilm for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor

Khan, M.M.,Ansari, S.A.,Lee, J.,Cho, M.H. Elsevier 2013 Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for Vol.33 No.8

A novel nonenzymatic sensor for H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was developed based on an Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite synthesized using a simple and cost effective approach with an electrochemically active biofilm. The optical, structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite were examined by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite was fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and their electrochemical performance was analyzed by CV, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite modified GCE (Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE) displayed excellent performance towards H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> sensing at -0.73V in the linear response range from 0.83μM to 43.3μM, within a detection limit and sensitivity of 0.83μM and ~65.2328+/-0.01μAμM<SUP>-1</SUP>cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, respectively. In addition, Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE exhibited good operational reproducibility and long term stability.