http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
한국인 정신분열병 환자의 지연성 운동장애와 $CYP2D6^*4$ 및 $CYP2D6^*10$ 다형성들의 연합에 대한 고찰
우성일,강동우,서한길,김봉조,이인상,정근화,박소영,정치영,이환철,정경천,손진욱,Woo, Sung-Il,Kang, Dong-Woo,Seo, Han-Gil,Kim, Bong-Jo,Lee, In-Sang,Jeong, Geun-Hoa,Park, So-Young,Jung, Chi-Yeong,Lee, Hwan-Cheol,Jeong, Kyeong-Cheon,Sohn, 대한생물정신의학회 2000 생물정신의학 Vol.7 No.2
P450 CYP2D6 enzyme(=debrisoquine hydroxylase) is known to metabolize many neuroleptics and some genetic polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene were reported to be associated with tardive dyskinesia(TD). We investigeted the association of two genetic polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene, $CYP2D6^*4$ and $CYP2D6^*10$, with TD in Korean schizophrenic subjects. Subjects consisted of 71 Korean schizophrenics and TD was evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic variables of age, male to female percentage and the current antipsychotic(CPZ equivalent) dose between the group with TD and the group without TD. But the duration of antipsychotic drug exposure was significantly higher in the group without TD(p=0.000, by independent t-test). The mean AIMS score in the group with TD was $11.2{\pm}6.6$(S.D.). Genotypings for the presence of $CYP2D6^*4$ and $CYP2D6^*10$ were done using PCR amplifications and endonuclease digestions. There were no statistically significant genotypic and alleleic associations between TD and $CYP2D6^*4$(by chisquare tests), and between TD and $CYP2D6^*10$(by chi-square tests). These results indicate that the $CYP2D6^*4$ and $CYP2D6^*10$ polymorphisms have no significant roles in the causation of TD.
Skin Permeation of Flurbiprofen through Excised Rat Skin from Poloxamer 407 Gel
Gil,Hyung Jun,Lee,Woo Young,Chi,Sang Cheol 한국약제학회 1994 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.24 No.3
In order to reduce systemic side effects following oral administration, flurbiprofen was formulated as transdermal gels consisting of the drug, poloxamer 407 and ethanol in buffer solutions. The effect of formulation variables in the preparation of flurbiprofen gels on skin permeation of the drug was evaluated using Keshary-Chien diffusion cells fitted with excised rat skins. The permeation rate of flurbiprofen through rat skin was directly proportional to initial drug concentration (between 0.1% and 1.0%) in the gel while it was inversely proportional to poloxamer 407 concentration (between 17.5% and 25%). The skin permeation of flurbiprofen was substantially influenced by the gel pH between 3 and 7, exhibiting a maximum at pH 4. The concentration effect of ethanol on the permeation of the drug was negligible in the concentration range of 10∼20%.
Release of Flurbiprofen from Poloxamer 407 Gel
Gil, Hyung-Jun,Kim, Hyun,Chi, Sang-Cheol The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1994 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.17 No.4
Release rates of flurbiprofen from transdermal gels made of poloxamer 407 were evaluated using a membraneless diffusion cell in order to study the effects of formulation variables on flurbiprofen release such as poloxamer 407 (17.5-25%) drug (0.1-1.0%), ethanol (10-20%), PG or PEF 300 (5-15%) concentrations and gel pH(3-7). Isopropyl myristate was employed as a receptor medium for the drug released from the gel. The diffusion coefficient of flurbiprofen decreased linearly as the amount of poloxamer 407 and the drug in the gel increased. The release rate of flurbiprofen was gel increased. The The addition of more ethanol in the gel increased the drug release, resulting from the increase of the thermodynamic activity of the drug in the aqueous phase of the gel. However, the concentration effects of PG and PEG 300 on the release rate of flurbiprofen were negligible over the concentration range used.
Immune-enhancing Oral supplement after Gastric Cancer Surgery
( Eunmi Gil ),( Dae Sang Lee ),( Chi Min Park ),( Jeong Meen Seo ),( Min Gew Choi ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Tae Sung Sohn ),( Jae Moon Bae ),( Sung Kim ),( Miyong Rha ),( Soyoung Yu ),( Ji Won Baek ) 한국정맥경장영양학회 2015 한국정맥경장영양학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immune-enhancing oral supplement including glutamine, arginine, and leucine on the immunological change after gastric cancer surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy were randomized to control and study group. Study group received immune-enhancing supplement including glutamine, arginine, and leucine (Curact®) and control group received placebo supplement including same calories dextrose. Postoperative supplements were started at the postoperative day (POD) 7th and continued for 3 weeks after discharge. Immunological data were collected included count of White blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin (Ig), CD4, and CD8 at preoperative, POD 5th and POD 28th, respectively. Nutritional data were collected included albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). Results: 60 patients were randomized, of whom 15 patients were dropped and 45 patients were analyzed (control 23 patients, study 22 patients). Characteristics, nutrition and immune related factors at preoperative and POD 5th were not different between two groups. At POD 28th, mean CRP and count of WBC were significantly lower in study group, and mean level of Ig M was significantly higher in study group than the control group (137.9 vs. 108.7, p=0.021). Ig G, CD4 and CD8 tended to be preserved in the study group, however, there was no statistical difference between two groups. PG-SGA became significantly worse after surgery in both group, however there was no difference between two groups. Conclusions: Immune-enhancing oral supplement might have positive effect on immune preservation and decreasing inflammation after gastric cancer surgery.
Effect of Long-Term Treatment with Fimasartan on Transient Focal Ischemia in Rat Brain
Kim, Chi Kyung,Yang, Xiu-Li,Kim, Young-Ju,Choi, In-Young,Jeong, Han-Gil,Park, Hong-Kyun,Kim, Dohoung,Kim, Tae Jung,Jang, Hyunduk,Ko, Sang-Bae,Yoon, Byung-Woo Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 BioMed research international Vol.2015 No.-
<P>Fimasartan is a newly developed angiotensin receptor blocker, which may have protective effects during myocardial infarction or atherosclerosis. In this context, we investigated the effects of long-term treatment with low-dose fimasartan on focal ischemia in rat brain. We induced focal ischemia in brain by transient intraluminal occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and administered low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) or regular doses (1 or 3 mg/kg) of fimasartan via intravenous routes. After the administration of low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) fimasartan, blood pressure did not decrease compared to the phosphate-buffered saline- (PBS-) control with MCA occlusion (MCAO) group. The infarct volume and ischemic cell death were reduced in the low-dose fimasartan-treated group (46 ± 41 mm<SUP>3</SUP> for 0.5 mg/kg and 153 ± 47 mm<SUP>3</SUP> for PBS-control with MCAO; <I>P</I> < 0.01) but not in the regular-dose groups. Low-dose fimasartan treatment improved functional recovery after ischemia and significantly decreased mortality. In our study, fimasartan reduced the degradation of I<I>κ</I>B and the formation of an inflammatory end-product, COX-2. As a result, the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peri-infarct area decreased in fimasartan-treated group. We have demonstrated that long-term, low-dose fimasartan treatment improved outcomes after focal ischemia in the brain via a reduction of inflammation.</P>
A Study on Flow Properties of Semisolid Dosage Forms
Shon, Sung-Gil,Lee, Chi-Ho The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1996 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.19 No.3
There are a wide variety of semi-solid ointments used for healing the skin diseases, whose therapeutic and skin penetration abililties may greatly differ from one another depending on the compositions of ointment vehicles. A computer optimization technique was applied to obtain the optimum formula of o/w type ointment giving the in vitro maximum absorption rate through hairless rat skin membrane. Some of the formulations were selected to find out a relationship between skin penetration of ointment and its Theological characteristics. The experimental value of absorption rate obtained from the ointment by optimum formula agreed well with the theoretical value obtained from a polynomial regression analysis, Three kinds of ointments selected among 15 formulations were obtained with a concentric cylinder type rheometer (Model; Rheolab SM-HM Physica, Germany) at 20, 30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$ for rheograms of rhelolgical properties of o/w type ointments. As the temperature was raised, all products showed a decrease in both shear stress and yield values. The higher skin penetration, the lower shear stress showed.