Feasibility of Using a One-temperature Model for Determining Plasma’s Temperature by Measuring Its Refractive Index

Yun-yun Chen,Fen-ping Cui,Fang Gu,Ying-ying Zhang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.11

In this paper, the feasibility of using a one-temperature model to determine plasma’s temperatureby measuring its refractive index is studied based on the consideration that many plasma flow fieldsare not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We compare the refractive indices between theone- and the two-temperature models of an arc plasma, in order to discuss the applicability ofthe one-temperature model in optical diagnosis. We found that the applicability is determined bythe pressure, the temperature ratio between electrons and heavy particles, the probe wavelength,and the chosen optical method’s refractive index measurement precision. Consequently, a commonmodel is deduced to describe the refractive index of plasma whether it be in LTE or not. In a word,this study is crucial to better apply optical methods based on measurements of the refractive indexto diagnose plasma flow fields.

Two New Lignans from the Bark of Zanthoxylum planispinum Yun Hu,

Yun Hu,Yu Chen,Yue Shang,Guangzhong Yang 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.8

[Poster Presentation] NOT ALL PAC IS SUITABLE

Chen Yun-Zhi,Xie Lai-Su 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

In this paper, a series of PAC (polyaluminum chloride) samples were prepared for rosin neutral sizing system. Some characters of PAC were discussed in detail. The experimental results show that it is possible to achieve neutral sizing when PAC is compounded with DRS(dispersed rosin size)instead of alum (aluminum sulfate).

A study on the Context-Awareness architecture for Energy Conserving Routing in MANET

Yun Chen,Bumjae Lee,Samhyun Chi,Sunguk Kim,Kyoungmin Doo,Kangwhan Lee 한국정보통신학회 2007 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.1 No.1

Is Disintegration Occurring in the European Union: Empirics and Viewpoints of Integration Theories

( Yun-chen Lai ) 한국EU학회 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.17 No.2

The European Union (EU) has been a pioneer in regional integration and long been its most developed model. However, the recent increase in populism raises questions about the integration of the EU. Some pessimists even predict that disintegration of the EU might occur if populism becomes stronger. It is difficult to deny that the EU has faced a series of major setbacks in the last decade. However, setbacks do not equal disintegration. This thesis starts from recent disintegration phenomena in Europe and discusses the underlying reasons for those problems. Furthermore, this thesis attempts to utilize theoretical perspectives to elucidate recent trends. Mainstream integration theories will be discussed and reviewed. Transactionalism of Karl Deutsch will be used to observed whether the EU is really suffering from disintegration. Furthermore, Post-Functionalism will help to explain why certain factor, i.e., identity, matter than other indicators to explain the integration and disintegration of the EU.

Synthesis and characterization of bis(2,2-dinitropropyl ethylene) formal plasticizer for energetic binders

Yun Chen,Jin Seuk Kim,권영환 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.3

A novel gem-dinitro bis(2,2-dinitropropyl ethylene) formal (BDNPEF) was synthesized and its potential application to plasticize energetic binders was investigated. BDNPEF was synthesized from aldol condensation of formaldehyde with 2,2-dinitropropanol (DNP-OH) and ethylene glycol (EG), followed by purification. One of the byproducts of this process was bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal (BDNPF), which is currently used as an energetic plasticizer. Compared to commercial nitro plasticizers, BDNPEF synthesized in this study showed good plasticization efficiency with a decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscosity of uncured glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) blends, as well as substantial ability to plasticize the GAP-based polyurethanes (PUs). BDNPEF has potential applications as an energetic plasticizer to engineer the properties of the GAP-based energetic PU binders.

Large-scale dataset from China gives new insights into leaf margin-temperature relationships

Chen, Wen-Yun,Su, Tao,Adams, Jonathan M.,Jacques, Fré,dé,ric M.B.,Ferguson, David K.,Zhou, Zhe-Kun Elsevier 2014 Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol.402 No.-

Leaf margin analysis (LMA) is an important method of estimating paleotemperatures from fossil leaf floras or modern floras. Although some calibration has been carried out based upon large-scale studies of modern forests, most of this research has been in North America and Europe, with relatively little calibration work in East Asia. In the present study, we used species range maps of 3116 native dicot trees of China to derive synthetic local floras for each county from the Chinese humid region, and compared the percentage of untoothed leaf margined species with several temperature and precipitation related parameters. The results confirm the generally strong relationship between the proportion of species with untoothed leaf margins and climatic parameters within China. Leaf habit (deciduous vs. evergreen) does not strongly affect this relationship. The transfer function obtained from China, while not identical, is similar to those obtained from other regions, and is affected by regional restrictions, such as complex topography and relic taxa. As such it clarifies the potential range of error inherent in the LMA method as applied to paleodimate reconstruction. It is possible, however, that with the close similarity of the modern Chinese tree floras to Neogene floras in the Northern Hemisphere, the present estimate offers a better transfer function for reconstructing the Neogene paleoclimate in various regions without extremely cold conditions across the Northern Hemisphere. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Detoxification, antioxidant, and digestive enzyme activities and gene expression analysis of Lymantria dispar larvae under carvacrol

Chen Yun-ze,Zhang Bo-wen,Yang Jing,Zou Chuan-shan,Li Tao,Zhang Guo-cai,Chen Guang-sheng 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

Carvacrol is a terpene compound with various biological activities. However, few studies have specifically focused on its insecticidal activity and mechanism of carvacrol. The larvae of Lymantria dispar are seriously harmful herbivorous insect. This study measured the antifeedant, growth-inhibitory, and toxic effects of carvacrol on L. dispar larvae. To further clarify the insecticidal mechanism of carvacrol, the effects of carvacrol on detoxifying enzymes, antioxidative enzymes, digestive enzyme activities, and the mRNA expression of the abovementioned enzyme genes were investigated. The results of the study showed that the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) and the sublethal concentration (LC 20 ) of carvacrol were 1.120 mg/mL and 0.297 mg/mL, respectively, at 72 h. After LC 20 treatment of L. dispar larvae for 72 h, food intake and weight gain were significantly lower compared with the control. Enzyme activity assays showed that carvacrol significantly inhibited the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and the inhibition rate of AchE activity was highest (66.51%). Carvacrol also activated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while it inhibited the activities of lipase (LIP) and amylase (AMS), and first inhibited and then activated protease. In addition, qRT-PCR tests showed that carvacrol affected the mRNA expression levels of CarE, GST, AchE, SOD, CAT, LIP, AMS, and protease. This study helps to clarify the insecticidal mechanism of carvacrol on L. dispar larvae.

Association of the PPAR-γ Gene with Altered Glucose Levels and Psychosis Profile in Schizophrenia Patients Exposed to Antipsychotics

Yun-Ru Liu,El-Wui Loh,Tsung-Ming Hu,Tsuo-Hung Lan,Hsien-Jane Chiu,Yung-Han Chang,Shuo-Fei Chen,Yen-Hsin Yu,Cheng-Chung Chen 대한신경정신의학회 2014 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.11 No.2

Objective Metabolic abnormalities, e.g., diabetes, are common among schizophrenia patients. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) regulates glucose/lipid metabolisms, and schizophrenia like syndrome may be induced by actions involving retinoid X receptor-α/PPAR-γ heterodimers. We examined a possible role of the PPAR-γ gene in metabolic traits and psychosis profile in schizophrenia patients exposed to antipsychotics. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PPAR-γ gene and a serial of metabolic traits were determined in 394 schizophrenia patients, among which 372 were rated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results SNP-10, -12, -18, -19, -20 and -26 were associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) whereas SNP-18, -19, -20 and -26 were associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). While SNP-23 was associated with triglycerides, no associations were identified between the other SNPs and lipids. Further haplotype analysis demonstrated an association between the PPAR-γ gene and psychosis profile. Conclusion Our study suggests a role of the PPAR-γ gene in altered glucose levels and psychosis profile in schizophrenia patients exposed to antipsychotics. Although the Pro12Ala at exon B has been concerned an essential variant in the development of obesity, the lack of association of the variant with metabolic traits in this study should not be treated as impossibility or a proof of error because other factors, e.g., genes regulated by PPAR-γ, may have complicated the development of metabolic abnormalities. Whether the PPAR-γ gene modifies the risk of metabolic abnormalities or psychosis, or causes metabolic abnormalities that lead to psychosis, remains to be examined.

Effect of under-bump-metallization structure on electromigration of Sn-Ag solder joints

Chen, Hsiao-Yun,Ku, Min-Feng,Chen, Chih Techno-Press 2012 Advances in materials research Vol.1 No.1

The effect of under-bump-metallization (UBM) on electromigration was investigated at temperatures ranging from $135^{\circ}C$ to $165^{\circ}C$. The UBM structures were examined: 5-${\mu}m$-Cu/3-${\mu}m$-Ni and $5{\mu}m$ Cu. Experimental results show that the solder joint with the Cu/Ni UBM has a longer electromigration lifetime than the solder joint with the Cu UBM. Three important parameters were analyzed to explain the difference in failure time, including maximum current density, hot-spot temperature, and electromigration activation energy. The simulation and experimental results illustrate that the addition 3-${\mu}m$-Ni layer is able to reduce the maximum current density and hot-spot temperature in solder, resulting in a longer electromigration lifetime. In addition, the Ni layer changes the electromigration failure mode. With the $5{\mu}m$ Cu UBM, dissolution of Cu layer and formation of $Cu_6Sn_5$ intermetallic compounds are responsible for the electromigration failure in the joint. Yet, the failure mode changes to void formation in the interface of $Ni_3Sn_4$ and the solder for the joint with the Cu/Ni UBM. The measured activation energy is 0.85 eV and 1.06 eV for the joint with the Cu/Ni and the Cu UBM, respectively.