급성 일산화탄소 중독증 환자의 임상적 고찰

하정상,최경찬,박미영,변영주,박충서 영남대학교 의과대학 1991 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.8 No.1

급성 일산화탄소중독환자의 예후를 예측하는 기초자료를 얻고자 1985년 10월부터 1989년 4월까지 급성 일산화탄소중독으로 영남대학병원 응급실을 통해 COHb검사로 확진되어 입원치료한 116명의 환자를 대상으로 임상소견 및 검사 소견을 비교, 분석하고 이들 소견과 지연성 후유증과의 관련성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. 입원환자 116례의 내원시 의식상태는 기면상태의 군이 36.2%로 가장 많았으며, 남녀의 비는 1:1.5로 여자가 많았다. 2. 내원시 의식장애가 심할수로 동맥혈의 pH 및 PaCO₂는 감소하는 경향을 보였는데, 이는 대사성산증에 대한 소견으로 보인다. 3. 일산화탄소중독으로 인한 초기 검사소견중 백혈구증다증은 65.5%, 헤마토크리트의 상승 은 23.3%, 고혈당은 19.8%, GPT의 상승은 19.8%, creatinine의 상승은 0.9%, 뇨당검출은 12.1%였다. 4. 심전도 검사에서는 35.5%에서 이상소견을 보였는데 25.0%가 rhythm의 변화를, 15.5%가 ST, T절의 이상과 함께 나타났으나 전도장애의 이상은 없었다. 5. 뇌파검사에서는 경도이상의 이상소견을 보인 환자가 93.1%였으며, 이중 중등도의 이상소견을 보인 환자가 80.2%로 가장 많았다. 6. 입원환자중 지연성 후유증의 발생빈도는 7.8%였으며, 이들은 노출시간이 길고(>8시간),백혈구증다증(>20,000) 및 뇌파이상(>중등도)이 심하였다. To obtain the basic data of prognosis of acute carbon monoxide(CO) intoxication, one hundred and sixteen cases of CO intoxication defined by carboxyhemoglobin(COHb) and admitted via emergency room of Yeung-nam University Hospital from Oct. '85 to April' 89 have been clinically analyzed and evaluated, including delayed postanoxic encephalopathy(DPE) and the following results were obtained. 1. The ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.5 and mental state was drowsy mostly(26.2% of 116 cases) 2. The more disturbed the mental state, the more decreased was the arterial pH and PaCO₂, which may be the result of metabolic acidosis. 3. The early laboratory findings in patients of CO intoxication were as follows : leukocytosis-65.5%, increase of hematocrit-23.3%. hyperglycemia-19.8%, increase of GPT-19.8% increase of creatinine-0.9% , and glucosuria-12.1%. 4. The early findings of EKG were abnormal in 35.3% : change of rhythm-25.0%, abnormal ST segment-15.5% (change of rhythm and abonormal ST segment-5.2%) but the conduction disorder was not present. 5. The abnormal EEG above mild degree was 93.1%, of which moderate was most frequent(80.2%). 6. The incidence of DPE was 7.8% among all admitted CO patients. DPE cases had long duration of exposure time(8 hours), severe leukocytosis(20,000) and an abnormal EEG(MA).

액막류의 막비등 열전달에 관한 연구

김영찬 安東大學校 工業技術硏究所 2000 공업기술연구논문집 Vol.7 No.1

강재의 냉각시 발생하는 액막류의 막비등 열전달 현상을 이해하기 위한 기초적 연구로서, 액상층의 두께가 비교적 얇고 난류상태인 액막류를 대상으로 한 막비등 열전달에 관해 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과, 액막류의 막비등 열전달률에 대한 전열면 선단에서부터의 거리, 과열도 및 액막두께의 영향은 비교적 약하며, 막비등 열전달률에 영향을 미치는 주요인자는 액막류의 과냉도, 속도 등임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 액막류의 막비등 열전달률은 수정 Nussult 수를 이용함으로써 단상류의 난류 막비등 열전달과 유사한 형태의 정리식으로 나타낼 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 비교적 과냉도가 높은 액막류의 막비등 열전달은 거의 액체의 온도상승에 소비되어지고 있음을 나타내고 있다. In this report, subcooled film boiling heat transfer of liquid film flow formed by liquid spray on hot surface was simulated by film-boiling heat transfer of a subcooled liquid film flow supplied from a nozzle along the hot surface. Experimental data indicate that the effects of film thickness, wall superheat and distance from the leading edge on the film-boiling heat transfer were weak. The main parameters controlling the film-boiling heat transfer were liquid velocity and subcooling. The heat transfer correlation between the Nusselt number based on the modified heat transfer coefficient and the Reynolds number was obtained. The correlating equation was very similar to that of turbulent heat transfer of single phase flow, and it was found that most of the heat flux was dissipated to increase the liquid temperature.

재식전 건조시에 따른 Emdogain^(R)의 적용이 치근흡수에 미치는 영향 : 조직학적, 3차원영상 분석

엄찬용,최영철,박재홍,최성철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

완전탈구된 치아의 구강외 건조시간에 따른 Emdogain^(R)의 적용이 재식치의 치주조직의 치유반응에 미치는 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 체중 10-13 kg의 비글 3마리의 상하악 12개의 전치를 발거하여 재식하였다. 구강외 건조시간은 15(I 군), 30(II 군) 및 60분 (III 군)으로 분류한 후, 각 군은 Emdogain^(R)을 적용한 실험군과 적용하지 않은 대조군을 두었다. 건조시간에 따른 Emdogain^(R)의 적용이 치주조직치유에 미치는 효과를 비교, 평가하기 위하여 치과용 cone beam CT를 이용한 3차원적 영상과 조직학적 관찰을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 대조군과 실험군 모두에서 건조 시간이 길어질수록 재식 후 염증성 흡수가 현저히 증가하였다(P<0.001). 2. Emdogain^(R)의 적용은 대조군에 비하여 염증 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 I 군과 III 군에서 Emdogain^(R)을 적용한 실험군에서 염증성 흡수의 감소가 나타났으며(P<0.01). II군에서는 차이가 없었다. 3. 치근의 흡수는 치근단 1/3 부위(절편 16, 15, 14순으로)에서 주로 발생하였으며(P<0.05, 0.001), 또한 치경부 1/3 부위(P<0.05)에서도 현저히 나타났다. 4. 치아의 장축에 직각인 절단면에서 관찰된 흡수는 주로 협설측 부위에 주로 발생하였다(P<0.01). This study three-dimensionally and histologically assessed the effect of Emdogain^(R) on periodontal healing in replanted teeth in three beagle dogs which were 1 to 2 years old. weighing from 10 to 13 kg. Twelve maxillary and mandibular incisors were intentionally extracted and replanted after 15(Group I). 30(Group II) and 60(Group III) minutes of air dry storage with and without the application of Emdogain^(R). The following conclusions could be drawn from the present investigation. 1. Increased incidence of inflammatory healing response in periodontal tissue was proportional to air dry time in Both control and experimental group(P<0.01). 2. Treatment Group showed lower inflammatory root resorption, especially there were statically significant in Group I, III(P<0.001, Group II : P=0.093). 3. Inflammatory root resorption were mainly occurred in apical third(14, 15-16 section)(P<0.05. 0.001), and cervical third(1 section)(P<0.05). 4. In view of horizontal section of long tooth axis. Main root resorption area were 1, 4, 5 line area(bucco-lingual area)(P<0.01).

意思決定論序說 : 規範的 理論模型

權寧贊,朴英熙,尹正吉 건국대학교 1975 學術誌 Vol.19 No.1

Decision making is one of the most important functions of administrators and it is a key element of management functions which is "to determine what you want people to accomplish, to check periodically on flow well they are accomplishing it, and to develop methods by which they well perform more effectively". In other words, deciding what to do, and how to do it, is then, the heart of the management function. The purpose of this paper is writing the teat book of the theory and the pratice in decision-making. But we only paid the attention on introducing and analysing some normative models of public policy making because of limiting time and volume here. An important thought relatively new and less developed addition to the formal line of organizational analysis is the study of organizational decision-making. The theory of decision-making is at present largely a non-organizational theory that deaths with decisions made by individuals, disregarding whether the individuals are card players, shoppers in a supermarket, or executive. Moreover, like the classical administrative approach, decision-makings theory in large part is prescriptive ; i.e., it indicates-often on the basis of mathematical analysis and logical reasoning, sometimes on the basis of "distilled common sense"-what steps a decision-mailer should follow if he wishes to make rational decision. However, in recent years there has been growing interest in a descriptive theory of decision-making which reports and analyzes how people actually make decisions, what prevents them from making rational ones, and under what conditions they will make comparatively rational decisions. The descriptive approach still requires considerable development and needs to be extended from the individual to the organization level. According to Yehezkel Dror's classification in this paper, we concentrated on six main normative models that deal with phases of policy-making: (1) the pure-rationality model: (2) the "economically rational" model; (3) the sequential-decision model; (4) the incremental-change model: (5) the satisfying model; and (6) the extrarational-processes model. In this paper, we have described and critically analyze these six nomative models one by one, paying special attention to the assumptions on which they are based, to their domains of validity, and to their major limitations. To bun up, Dror analyzed the previous sirs normative models and he constructed his own optimal normative model of policy-making which had mixed the "economically" rational model and the extrarational model. The optimal model of public policy making tries to reject pure rationality on the one hand, and to provide an optimal goal that is more than an incrementally improved extrapolation of the present situation on the other hand. Dror intended the optimal model to be both an analytical tool for understanding policy-making and a goal that actual public policy making can approximate if the policymakers are willing to try. It should be judged not as an end in itself, but only as an operational tool, that is, by its usef71ness for analyzing, evaluating, and improving public policy-making. All five of the normative models except the extrarational model discussed above share one basic assumption, namely, that purse rationality, when it can be achieved at a reasonable cost, is the best method for decisionmaking and policymaking. The differences between the pure-rationality model and the other four are not in their basic assumptions but in the way they estimate the practicality and justification for a pure-rationality policy in terms of benefits arid costs. The economically rational model deviates from pure rationality because it accepts the restraints that limited resources put on trying to achieve pure rationality. The sequential-decision model in effect proposes a new type of policy making strategy to be considered by pure-rationality and economic피Iy rational standards. The incremental change model deviates from pure rationality on the grounds that innovative policies are necessarily risky and unpredictable, and that the unexpected results of such policies will likely be very costly. The satisfying model deviates from pure rationality on the grounds that, fur social-psychological reasons, policymakers do not look for new alternatives after they have found one they consider satisfactory. But all these models are clearly derived from the pure-rationality model, are themselves justified in terms of "pure rationality," and are presented as realistic second-bests to the unachievable ideal, pure rationality. The model that is exactly opposite to the pure-rationality model is therefore not one of these four models. It is rather the extrarational model, whose various forma are based on some acceptance of extrarational processes as an optimal method for decisionmaking and policymaking. A normative model of public policymaking exists as a tool for systematically analyzing public policymaking, as a basis for the criteria and standards needed to evaluate policymaking, and as a guide for formulating effective proposals for any improvements that are found to be desirable. Such a model should be normative, not in the sense of setting forth final goals, but in the instrumental sense of establishing processes and structures whereby a maximum net output of whatever coals and values are desired can be achieved. In contrast, a non-normative behavioral model is good enough for analyzing policymaking, but to make improvements in policymaking, one needs a model which is suitable not only for scientific analysis of actual behavior, but also for evaluating that behavior, and for deriving suggestions for improving that behavior. The normative model must therefore also be idealistic enough that it can stimulate consistent, through-going proposals for innovative improvements based on the best available knowledge. Insofar as the normative model used to evaluate public policymaking is either too utopian or too realistic, it will lead to a picture that is either too dark or too bright, respectively, neither picture being much good for deciding how to improve the situation. Dror's optimal model of public policymaking has a characteristics of avoiding both extremes deseribed above.

새마을 運動 實績評價模型 作成에 관한 硏究

黃明燦,玄斗日,梁始浩,朴英熙,金龍國,申大淳 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1

The New Village (Sae-ma-eul) movement is Korean version of Community Development that has under-gone widespread exploration, experimentation and application in developing countries throughout the world in recent years. In most countries the national governments have undertaken the iniative in Community Development through appropriate ministries or special agencies. The New Village Movement was initiated in 1970 by Korean government. But it became a people's movement for self-development as more and more people participated in the developmental programs. The major objectives of the New Village movement are to redress the economic disparities between the rural and urban areas by improving the economic, social and cultural conditions of rural Communities, to reform the way of life in rural villages by encouraging the attitude of self-help, and to increase the income of the farmers and fisher man. Since 1971, An enormous amount of public and priate money has been invested into the New Village Movement. It seems that the time has arrived when some framework for evaluating the whole program is to be developed. Thus, The objective of this study is to develop an appropriate to evaluate the new village project at the village level. Ten major factors which are supposed to be relevant for evaluation of the project was selected. The evaluation model thus developed can be summarized in the following format. ◁표 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요)

히트파이프·휜으로 구성된 방열 시스템의 초음파 분무냉각에 관한 실험적 연구

김영찬,한양호 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

In this study, the spray cooling heat transfer of the finned heat pipe heat sink was experimentally investigated. The heat pipe was made of copper tube 300mm long, 11.1mm inner diameter and the wick structure consists of two layer of 100 mesh copper screen. The evaporator and condenser lengths of heat pipe were 40, 200 mm and a series of copper fins attached to the condenser. The experimental results show that the heat transfer in the finned heat pipe heat sink is enhanced by using the ultrasonic spray cooling and the total thermal resistance of the heat sink system decreases remarkably.

강판의 분무냉각 열전달특성

김영찬 安東大學校 工業技術硏究所 1999 공업기술연구논문집 Vol.6 No.1

분무냉각은 주로 강재의 열처리과정에 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 TMCP에 의한 강재냉각시 냉각영역의 출구에 있어서 강재의 온도가 불균일하게 되는 냉각불안정현상이 큰 문제점으로 남아 있다. 이러한 문제점의 해결에는 우선 강판의 열처리과정에 있어서 분무냉각 열전달특성에 대한 명확한 이해와 그 평가법의 개발이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 주로 냉각액체의 포화온도이상의 물체를 냉각시키는 경우에 있어서의 분무냉각 열전달특성에 대해 최근의 연구결과들을 중심으로 고찰하기로 한다. Spray Cooling has been used as a technique for heat treatment of metals in the metallurgical industry. However, since there are many factors affecting spray cooling heat transfer and the effects of these factors are very complicated, it is still a difficult task to predict spray cooling heat transfer of actual system. Understanding the effect of these factors has become very important because of the advent of the so-called Thermo-Mechanical Control(TMC) process in the steel industry and other new applications. The aim of TMC process is on-line control of the metallurgical structure of steel. This paper presents an overview of the spray cooling heat transfer and the results of recent study on spray cooling.

유산소성 운동이 호습순환기능 및 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

홍성찬,박병근,함용주 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2000 體力科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

The Purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the jogging training duration on cardiorespiratory function and blood lipids. Total 12 woman college students were selected for the subjects of this research, divided into two groups, 6 for the control group(C.G) and the other for the experimental group(E.G : 55-60%HRmax). The subjects of experimental group had 12 weeks jogging program in the given intensity, during which the changes in cardorespiratory function and blood lipids were measured three times, at each end of 4th, 8th and 12th week. The research is concluded as follows. 1. At the end of 12th week, the response of HRrest of cardiorespiratory function was decreased to (p<.05). 2. The response of HDL-C changing in blood lipids at the 12th week was also decreased to (p<.05). From these synthesized results, I came to conclusions that exercise intensity of 55-60% HRmax and minimum 12 weeks training duration are required to change the number of heart beat and the air amount of respiration in resting. Maximum amount of oxygen intaken can be possibly obtained after 8 weeks' training duration. HDL-C and LDL-c used as guide posts for the prevention of adult deceases need 12 weeks' training duration according to 55-60% HRmax. Conspicuous changes in HRmax, T-C, TG couldn't be expected from the exercise intensity and the training duration of this research, therefore, another additional research with proper exercise intensity and training duration will be needed afterward.

액막류와 간섭하는 분무냉각 열전달

김영찬 安東大學校 工業技術硏究所 2001 공업기술연구논문집 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구에서는 막비등영역을 대상으로 2차원 분무류와 액막류가 간섭하는 경우의 분무냉각 열전달 실험을 수행하였으며, 특히 액막류의 속도, 분무유량 등이 분무냉각 열전달에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과, 분무류와 액막류가 간섭하는 경우 분무중심영역에서의 분무냉각 열전달은 액막류가 존재함으로써 저하하는 경향이 그 경향은 액막류의 두께가 증가할수록 크게 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 분무중심에서 멀리 떨어진 주변영역에서의 분무냉각 열전달에 대한 분무액적유량의 영향은 그리 크지 않으며, 이 영역에서의 열전달은 기존의 액막류의 막비등 열전달에 관한 연구결과를 이용하여 예측될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. In this paper, the heat transfer distribution in film-boiling region of spray cooling interacting with subcooled liquid film flow was experimentally investigated. The results show that the flow field can be divide into the interacting and film flow regions by heat transfer distribution. The interacting region is localized near the stagnation point of the spray flow. In this region, the existence of the liquid film flow deteriorates the spray cooling heat transfer. However, if we focus on flow boiling heat transfer, the droplet flow enhances flow boiling heat transfer. In the film flow region which is located far from the stagnation point of spray flow, the heat transfer coefficient is simply predicted from a correlating equation of flow boiling heat transfer.

초음파 분무냉각을 이용한 열사이폰의 작동특성에 관한 실헙적 연구

김영찬,한양호 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2002 공업기술연구 Vol.2 No.-

In this study, the working characteristics of the two-phase closed thermosyphon with ultrasonic spray cooling system in condenser section was experimentally investigated. The thermosyphon test tube was made of copper tube 300㎜ long, 11.1㎜ inner diameter. The experimental results were compared with the results that air cooling system were used in condenser section. The experimental results show that the total thermal resistance of thermosyphon tube becomes lower when the ultrasonic spray cooling system was used in condenser section. A comparison is made of the two working fluid, water and ethanol. The surface temperature of the water tube in evaporator section becomes higher than the ethanol tube. Thus, the experimental result shows that wate is more useful as working fluid than ethanol to increase the operational limit within this experimental conditions.