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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Cairns, Douglas S. (검색결과 24 건)
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β-Glucosidases: Multitasking, moonlighting or simply misunderstood?
Ketudat Cairns, J.R.,Mahong, B.,Baiya, S.,Jeon, J.S. Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd 2015 Plant science Vol.241 No.-
β-Glucosidases have a wide range of functions in plants, including roles in recycling of cell-wall oligosaccharides, defense, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolism, and scent release, among others. It is not always clear which one is responsible for a specific function, as plants contain a large set of β-glucosidases. However, progress has been made in recent years in elucidating these functions. To help understand what is known and what remains ambiguous, we review the general approaches to investigating plant β-glucosidase functions. We consider information that has been gained regarding glycoside hydrolase family 1 enzyme functions utilizing these approaches in the past decade. In several cases, one enzyme has been assigned different biological functions by different research groups. We suggest that, at least in some cases, the ambiguity of an enzyme's function may come from having multiple functions that may help coordinate the response to injury or other stresses.
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Jong-Tae Son,Elton Cairns 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.5
lithium insertion material having the composition LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.3Fe0.1O2 was synthesized by simplespectroscopy (XRD) and the galvanostatic charge-discharge method. Rietvelt analysis of the XRD patterns shows thatthis compound can be classified as α-NaFeO2 structure type (R3m; a=2.8689(5) and 14.296(5) in hexagonal setting).Rietvelt fitting shows that a relatively large amount of Fe and Ni ion occupy the Li layer (3a site) and a relatively largeamount of Li occupies the transition metal layer (3b site). LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.3Fe0.1O2 when cycled in the voltage range4.3-2.8 V gives an initial discharge capacity of 120 mAh/g, and stable cycling performance. LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.3Fe0.1O2in the voltage range 2.8-4.5 V has a discharge capacity of 140 mAh/g, and exhibits a significant loss in capacity during2.8-4.3 V and 2.8-4.5 V for 20 cycles. The XRD and electrochemical results suggested that cation mixing in this layeredstructure oxide could be causing degradation of the cell capacity.
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Combination of isoproterenol and length oscillations in relaxing porcine airway smooth muscles
Al-Jumaily, Ahmed M.,Mathur, Meha,Cairns, Simeon Techno-Press 2015 Biomaterials and biomedical engineering Vol.2 No.4
Treatments for asthma are largely pharmaceutical, with some therapies also utilising alternative breathing techniques. The objective of both medical and alternative methods is to relax contracted airway smooth muscle (ASM). In normal subjects, tidal breathing- and deep inspiration-oscillations are believed to have a bronchodilatory effect. Similarly, application of length oscillations to isolated, contracted ASM also elicits muscle relaxation. As a means of investigating more-effective alternative treatment methods for contracted airways, we analyse the combined effects of bronchodilators and length oscillations on isolated, contracted ASM. The contractile state of the muscle tissue prior to treatment is of primary interest. Thereafter, the effect of applying a combination of small superimposed length oscillations with tidal breathing-like oscillations to ASM is studied alone and in combination with a common bronchodilator, isoproterenol (ISO). This work suggests that relaxation of isolated, contracted ASM following application of combined oscillations and ISO is larger than treatments of either combined oscillations or ISO alone. Further, the observed oscillation-associated relaxation is found to be amplitude- rather than frequency-dependent. This study gives additional insight into the role of oscillations and bronchodilators on contracted airways.
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Combination of isoproterenol and length oscillations in relaxing porcine airway smooth muscles
Al-Jumaily, Ahmed M.,Mathur, Meha,Cairns, Simeon Techno-Press 2015 Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering Vol.2 No.4
Treatments for asthma are largely pharmaceutical, with some therapies also utilising alternative breathing techniques. The objective of both medical and alternative methods is to relax contracted airway smooth muscle (ASM). In normal subjects, tidal breathing- and deep inspiration-oscillations are believed to have a bronchodilatory effect. Similarly, application of length oscillations to isolated, contracted ASM also elicits muscle relaxation. As a means of investigating more-effective alternative treatment methods for contracted airways, we analyse the combined effects of bronchodilators and length oscillations on isolated, contracted ASM. The contractile state of the muscle tissue prior to treatment is of primary interest. Thereafter, the effect of applying a combination of small superimposed length oscillations with tidal breathing-like oscillations to ASM is studied alone and in combination with a common bronchodilator, isoproterenol (ISO). This work suggests that relaxation of isolated, contracted ASM following application of combined oscillations and ISO is larger than treatments of either combined oscillations or ISO alone. Further, the observed oscillation-associated relaxation is found to be amplitude- rather than frequency-dependent. This study gives additional insight into the role of oscillations and bronchodilators on contracted airways.
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UV Disinfection of Wastewater : Key Factors for Effective System Design
Wright, H.,Brunet, R.,Sakamoto, G.,Cairns, W. 영남대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.19 No.2
UV disinfection causes cross-linking of the DNA of micro-organisms, preventing their replication. The UV dose determines the level of disinfection, and is the product of UV germicidal intensity and reactor retention time. Reactors size depends on the flow and required dose for the water quality to be treated. Water quality is a function of the upstream treatment process, as shown through lab and pilot scale analysis of the UV dose response of effluent from primary, secondary, and tertiary plants. The most important water quality parameters are the ultraviolet transmittance (UVT) of the wastewater, and both the size and number of particles produced. As the level of treatment increases, the total suspended solids (TSS) generally decrease and UVT improves, reducing the reactor size. The use of ferric based flocculating agents decreases UVT and negatively impacts disinfection performance as compared with alum. Fouling of the quartz sleeves is increased with ferric flocculants.
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Delamination behavior of L-shaped composite beam with manufacturing defects
Kyeongsik Woo,Biruk F. Nega,Douglas S. Cairns,Jim Lua 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.9
Composite structures are more susceptible to manufacturing defects than conventional materials. Fiber misalignment, cracks, and voids are typical types of manufacturing defects in laminated composites. Defects can greatly reduce structural integrity and load carrying capacity, so their effects on material and structural strengths must be understood. In this paper, the effect of manufacturing defects on the progressive delamination behavior was studied for carbon/epoxy composite laminated L-beam under four-point bending test conditions. The defects of wavy plies and pure resin that had flowed out were characterized from surface photography and then transformed into finite element modeling using semi-automatic approach to which pre-delamination and void were included. Next, progressive failure analyses were performed with the interface delamination and matrix direction failure accounted for by cohesive zone modeling. Numerical results were examined focusing on the effects of defects on the peak load reduction and the variation of delamination pattern. The stacking sequence effect was also investigated.
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