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Factors Affecting Chemical Disinfection of Drinking Water
( Yoon Jin Lee ),( Sang Ho Nam ),( Byong Ho Jun ),( Kyoung Doo Oh ),( Suk Bong Kim ),( Jae Keun Ryu ),( Dionysios D. Dionysiou ),( Sadahiko Itoh ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.2
This research sought to compare chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone as chemical disinfectants of drinking water, with inactivation of total coliform as the indicator. The inactivation of total coliform was tested against several variables, including the dose of disinfectant, contact time, pH, temperature and DOC. A series of batch processes were performed on water samples taken from the outlet of a settling basin in a conventional surface water treatment system that is provided with the raw water drawn from the mid-stream of the Han River. Injection of 1 ㎎/L of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone resulted in nearly 2.4, 3.0 and 3.9 log inactivation, respectively, of total coliform at 5 min. To achieve 99.9 % the inactivation, the disinfectants were required in concentrations of 1.70, 1.00 and 0.60 ㎎/L for chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone, respectively. Bactericidal effects generally decreased as pH increased in the range of pH 6 to 9. The influence of pH change on the killing effect of chlorine dioxide was not strong, but that on ozone and free chlorine was sensitive. The activation energies of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone were 36,053, 29,822 and 24,906 J/㏖ for coliforms with inactivation effects being shown in the lowest orders of these.
탄광근로자의 호흡기 증상 및 작업환경 인식도에 따른 폐기능의 변화
윤동현,남해성,신준호,손명호,이명학,손석준,김병우 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.2
To assess the adverse effects of dust on pulmonary function and to determine the association between subjective respiratory symptoms, cognitions about working environments and pulmonary functions, the study was conducted on 719 coal mine workers(395workers on direct part, 324 workers on indirect part) being employed in a coal mine industry located in Hwa-Soon area. Questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and cognitions about working environments were filled out by themselves, and pulmonary function test was given by trained doctors. The results obtained were as follows; 1. significantly increased subjective respiratory symptoms prevalence were found in the workers on direct part comparing to workers on indirect part, and symptoms prevalence rate was higher in sputum, coughing, respiratory difficulty, palpitation and chest pain in order. 2. Significantly increased cognitions degree about working environments were found in workers on direct part comparing to workers on indirect part, and the degree was higher in dust concentration, temperature, working density and humidity in order. 3. FVC, FEV0.5, FEF200-1200ml and FEF25-75% were lower for workers on direct part than that for workers on indirect part. 4. In workers on direct and indirect part, lung functions FEF200-1200ml for the high subjective symptom group was smaller than that for the low group. There was not significance statistically, but the significance was found in FVC and FEVt in total coal workers. 5. In workers on direct part, FEVt and FEF25-75% for high cognition group about working environmental conditions was smaller than that for the low group but other lung functions were reversed. But in workers on indirect part, similiar result was found and the significance was found in FEV0.5 FEF25-75% and FEF200-1200ml in total coal workers. 6. Lung functions had negative correlation with subjective symptoms and cognition about working environment except correlation between sputum and FEF200-1200ml.
Clinical features of enteric and colo-duodenal fistula in patients with Crohn’s disease
( Jun Su Lee ),( Sang-bum Kang ),( Kwangbeom Park ),( Yong Sik Yoon ),( Chang Sik Yu ),( Sung Wook Hwang ),( Byong Duk Ye ),( Suk-kyun Yang ),( Jong Lyul Lee ),( Sang Hyoung Park ) 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.3
Estimation of solar irradiation in Korea peninsula by using GMS-5 data
Yoon, Hong Joo,Cha, Joo Wan,Chung, Hyo Sang,Lee, Yong Seob,Hwang, Byong Jun,Kim, Young Haw 대한원격탐사학회 1998 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.14 No.1
Solar irradiation controls the exchange of heat energy between atmosphere and land or ocean, and becomes an important factors to the radiance flux at the surface and the biosphere. In order to estimate solar irradiance and earth - albedo in Korea peninsula during 1996, GMS date and paramaterization model was combinationally used. In clear sky, the paramaterization model was used to estimate solar irradiance. Also in cloudy sky, the earth albedo was used to calculate the interceptive effect of solar irradiance. The hourly solar irradiance [the hourly earth albedo] showed generally very low values with $lt;1.00 MJ/㎡ hr [high values with $gt;0.65] on the middle part (36.00-36.50˚S) and the Southeastern part (near 34.50˚S) in Korea peninsula, respectively. Satellite estimates (CMS data) with pyramometer measurements (in-situ data) were compared for 21 observed stations. Totally, correlation coefficient showed high values with 0.85. In the monthly variation, correlation coefficient of the spring and summer with rms=about 0.42 MJ/㎡ hr was better than the autumn and winter with rms $gt;0.5 MJ/㎡ hr. Generally monthly variations of correlation coefficient between satellite estimetes and pyranometer measurements showed r=0.936 in clear sky during 1 year except only May, June, July and August.
Second Korean guidelines for the management of Crohn`s disease
( Jae Jun Park ),( Suk-kyun Yang ),( Byong Duk Ye ),( Jong Wook Kim ),( Dong Il Park ),( Hyuk Yoon ),( Jong Pil Im ),( Kang Moon Lee ),( Sang Nam Yoon ),( Heeyoung Lee ) 대한장연구학회 2017 Intestinal Research Vol.15 No.1
Crohn`s disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and disabling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with an uncertain etiopathogenesis. CD can involve any site of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, and is associated with serious complications, such as bowel strictures, perforations, and fistula formation. The incidence and prevalence rates of CD in Korea are still lower compared with those in Western countries, but they have been rapidly increasing during the recent decades. Although there are no definitive curative modalities for CD, various medical and surgical therapies have been applied for the treatment of this disease. Concerning CD management, there have been substantial discrepancies among clinicians according to their personal experience and preference. To suggest recommendable approaches to the diverse problems of CD and to minimize the variations in treatment among physicians, guidelines for the management of CD were first published in 2012 by the IBD Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. These are the revised guidelines based on updated evidence, accumulated since 2012. These guidelines were developed by using mainly adaptation methods, and encompass induction and maintenance treatment of CD, treatment based on disease location, treatment of CD complications, including stricture and fistula, surgical treatment, and prevention of postoperative recurrence. These are the second Korean guidelines for the management of CD and will be continuously revised as new evidence is collected. (Intest Res 2017;15:38-67)