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- 저자 : Bullock, James S. (검색결과 3 건)
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Jeff C. Gadsden,Siddharth Sata,W. Michael. Bullock,Amanda H. Kumar,Stuart A. Grant,Joshua R. Dooley 대한마취통증의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.73 No.5
Background: Multiple comparative studies report that adductor canal blocks provide similar pain relief to femoral nerve blocks following total knee arthroplasty. However, adductor canal blockade fails to anesthetize several important femoral nerve branches that contribute to knee innervation. We sought to clarify this anatomic discrepancy by performing both blocks in sequence, using patients as their own controls. We hypothesized that patients would experience additional pain relief following a superimposed femoral nerve block, demonstrating that these techniques are not equivalent. Methods: Sixteen patients received continuous adductor canal block before undergoing knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia. In the recovery room, patients reported their pain score on a numeric scale of 0–10. Once a patient reached a score of five or greater, he/she was randomized to receive an additional femoral nerve block using 2% chloroprocaine or saline sham, and pain scores recorded every 5 min for 30 min. Patients received opioid rescue as needed. Anesthesiologists performing and assessing block efficacy were blinded to group allocation. Results: Patients randomized to chloroprocaine versus saline reported significantly improved median pain scores 30 min after the femoral block (2.0 vs. 5.5, P < 0.001). Patients receiving chloroprocaine also required significantly fewer morphine equivalents during the 30 min post-femoral block (1.0 vs. 4.5 mg, P = 0.032). Conclusions: Adductor canal block is a useful technique for postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty, but it does not provide equivalent analgesic efficacy to femoral nerve block. Future studies comparing efficacy between various block sites along the thigh are warranted.
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Mesenchymal stem cells reduce ER stress via PERK-Nrf2 pathway in an aged mouse model
이은주,( Nayra Cárdenes ),( Diana Álvarez ),( Jacobo Sellares ),( John Sembrat ),( Paola Aranda ),( Yating Peng ),( Jordan Bullock ),( Seyed Mehdi Nouraie ),( Ana L Mora ),( Mauricio Rojas ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2018 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.126 No.-
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of bleomycin. However, the mechanism responsible for protection of stem cell therapy in pulmonary fibrosis is still poorly understood, especially in terms of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We hypothesized that ER stress could increase after a certain time elapse and then decrease to the baseline, resembling the fibrosis after bleomycin exposure. We also attempted to clarify the exact role of MSCs upon ER stress by a timely sacrifice of animals at the peak of ER stress. In order to determine the peak time in ER stress, the expression of ER stress marker proteins after bleomycin injury were measured in the lung of old mice at different time points (day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21). For evaluation of the effect of MSCs on ER stress, we assessed the bleomycin insult by changes in body weight, lung tissues histology and the protein expression of ER stress markers. The level of expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor XBP-1 and its regulator BiP were elevated at day 7 and progressively increased up to day 21. MSCs inhibited BiP expression in bleomycin-induced ER stress, whereas the expression levels of other ER stress markers were not reduced by MSCs. MSCs operate on ER stress via several pathways, but the PERK-Nrf2 pathway revealed to be the main functioning pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MSCs attenuate ER stress via PERK-Nrf2 pathway.
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Signatures of minor mergers in the Milky Way disc – I. The SEGUE stellar sample
Gó,mez, Facundo A.,Minchev, Ivan,O’Shea, Brian W.,Lee, Young Sun,Beers, Timothy C.,An, Deokkeun,Bullock, James S.,Purcell, Chris W.,Villalobos, Á,lvaro Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.423 No.4
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>It is now known that minor mergers are capable of creating structure in the phase‐space distribution of their host galaxy’s disc. In order to search for such imprints in the Milky Way, we analyse the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) F/G dwarf and the Schuster et al. stellar samples. We find similar features in these two completely independent stellar samples, consistent with the predictions of a Milky Way minor‐merger event. We next apply the same analyses to high‐resolution, idealized <I>N</I>‐body simulations of the interaction between the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Milky Way. The energy distributions of stellar particle samples in small spatial regions in the host disc reveal strong variations of structure with position. We find good matches to the observations for models with a mass of Sagittarius’ dark matter halo progenitor <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/lap.gif' alt ='less-than or approximately equal-to'/>10<SUP>11</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. Thus, we show that this kind of analysis could be used to provide unprecedentedly tight constraints on Sagittarius’ orbital parameters, as well as place a lower limit on its mass.</P>
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