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Consolidating Apertureless SNOM
M. Brehm,F. Keilmann,D. Kazantsev,H. G. Frey,N. Ocelic,R. Guckenberger,R. Hillenbrand,T. Taubner 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1
The apertureless version of SNOM (scanning near-field optical microscopy) is gaining interest because it offers ultrahigh optical resolution of 10 − 20 nm, along with routine topography. Especially, its realization as a scattering-type “s-SNOM” has become a reliable instrument since earlier problems with background scattering have been cleared. Topography crosstalk into the optical image is observed only at steep topography steps. s-SNOM optical imaging is becoming quantitative as the image contrast corresponds to and thus measures the local complex refractive index. The s-SNOM is ready to analyze, at nanoscale resolution, important sample characteristics such as (in the infrared version) chemical composition, crystallinity, or conductivity. Advantages of aperture and apertureless SNOM principles can be combined in a hybrid tip-on-aperture probe which has already succeeded in local fluorescence mapping of even single molecules. Finally, apertureless SNOM has mapped the fields of optically resonant nanostructures.
Infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging of the insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide
Qazilbash, M. M.,Brehm, M.,Andreev, G. O.,Frenzel, A.,Ho, P.-C.,Chae, Byung-Gyu,Kim, Bong-Jun,Yun, Sun Jin,Kim, Hyun-Tak,Balatsky, A. V.,Shpyrko, O. G.,Maple, M. B.,Keilmann, F.,Basov, D. N. American Physical Society 2009 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.79 No.7
Pre- and postoperative postural regulation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Thomas Bartels,Kay Brehme,Martin Pyschik,Stephan Schulze,Karl-Stefan Delank,Georg Fieseler,Kevin G. Laudner,Souhail Hermassi,René Schwesig 한국운동재활학회 2018 JER Vol.14 No.1
There are currently no longitudinal data describing the pre- and postop-erative postural regulation and stability of patients with anterior cruci-ate ligament (ACL) damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate postural regulation and stability prior to and during rehabilita-tion following surgery of the ACL. Fifty-four physically active subjects (age: 30.5±10.9 years, 29 male subjects) were examined with the Inter-active Balance System pre-, 6, and at 12 weeks following surgical re-construction of the ACL using a hamstring tendon graft. The average period of time from injury to surgery was 27 days. Data were calculated with unifactorial and univariate analysis of variance. Significant effects were found for the somatosensory system (η2=0.115), stability indicator (η2=0.123), weight distribution index (η2=0.176), and synchronization (foot coordination) (η2=0.249). Involved side weight distribution (param-eter: left) increased significantly (patients with left-sided/right-sided in-jury: η2=0.234/0.272). Load distribution to the heel remained stable during all three examination periods (η2=0.035 and η2=0.071), although a remarkable load at forefoot was observed. In seven out of 10 parame-ters partial effects were seen during the first 6 weeks after surgery. The results of this study indicated that injury of the ACL and subsequent surgical reconstructions result in postural regulation, with improve-ments in somatosensory system function, postural stability, weight dis-tribution index, and foot coordination. Also, overloading of the injured side on the feet reduces significantly during rehabilitation. Thus, the ini-tial phase of rehabilitation (weeks 1 to 6) seems to be more effective than the second period (weeks 6 to 12) postoperatively.
Screening-Level Assays for Potentially Human-Infectious Environmental Legionella spp.
Helen Y. Buse,Abby Brehm,Jorge W. Santo Domingo,Nicholas J. Ashbolt 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.2
In spite of the fact that various Legionella species are isolated from nonclinical water settings, there is no standard method to determine whether environmental legionellae may be infectious to humans. Here we provide a screening-level approach based on an in vivo murine (A/J mouse) model and three in vitro proliferation assays using Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and THP-1 human and J774 murine macrophage cell lines to identify potentially human-infectious legionellae. As an initial demonstration the infectivity potential of three clinical (Legionella pneumophila, L. longbeacheae, and L. micdadei) and three environmental (L. dumoffii, L. maceachernii, and L. sainthelensi) legionellae were evaluated. A/J mice were intranasally infected and by 6 h post infection (p.i.), there were significant bacterial titers in the lungs. L. pneumophila,L. dumoffii, and L. micdadei densities were higher than L. longbeacheae, L. maceacherni, and L. sainthelensi at 24 h p.i. However, only L. pneumophila and L. micdadei persisted in the lungs after 48 h, indicating that the other isolates were rapidly cleared. Results from the in vitro assays showed that only L. pneumophila significantly multiplied within A. polyphaga, THP-1 and J774 cells after 72 h, but lysis of any of the in vitro hosts also flagged the strains for potential concern (e.g. L. dumoffii and L. micdadei). The results demonstrate the value of using multiple approaches to assess the potential level of pathogenicity of Legionella strains isolated from different environmental matrices.
Inhomogeneous electronic state near the insulator-to-metal transition in the correlated oxideVO2
Frenzel, A.,Qazilbash, M. M.,Brehm, M.,Chae, Byung-Gyu,Kim, Bong-Jun,Kim, Hyun-Tak,Balatsky, A. V.,Keilmann, F.,Basov, D. N. American Physical Society 2009 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.80 No.11
Mahmoud Mageed,Dagmar Berner,Henriette Julke,Christian Hohaus,Walter Brehm,Kerstin Gerlach 한국실험동물학회 2013 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.29 No.4
Sheep are commonly used as a model for human spinal orthopaedic research due to their similarity in morphological and biomechanical features. This study aimed to document the volumes of vertebral bodies and compare the generated results as well as morphometry of the sheep lumbar spine to human published data. For this purpose, computed tomography scans were carried out on five adult Merino sheep under general anaesthesia. Transverse 5 mm thick images were acquired from L1 to L6 using a multi-detector-row helical CT scanner. Volume measurements were performed with dedicated software. Four spinal indices and Pavlov’s ratio were calculated. Thereafter, the generated data were compared to published literature on humans. The mean vertebral body volume showed an increase towards the caudal vertebrae, but there were no significant differences between the vertebral levels (P>0.05). Compared to humans, sheep vertebral body volumes were 48.6% smaller. The comparison of absolute values between both species revealed that sheep had smaller, longer and narrower vertebral bodies, thinner intervertebral discs, narrower spinal canal, longer transverse processes, shorter dorsal spinous processes and narrower, higher pedicles with more lateral angulations. The comparison of the spinal indices showed a good similarity to human in terms of the vertebral endplates and spinal canal. The results of this study may be helpful for using the sheep as a model for human orthopaedic spinal research if anatomical differences are taken into account.
Morphometrical dimensions of the sheep thoracolumbar vertebrae as seen on digitised CT images
Mahmoud Mageed,Dagmar Berner,Henriette Julke,Christian Hohaus,Walter Brehm,Kerstin Gerlach 한국실험동물학회 2013 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.29 No.3
The sheep spine is widely used as a model for preclinical research in human medicine to test new spinal implants and surgical procedures. Therefore, precise morphometric data are needed. The present study aimed to provide computed tomographic (CT) morphometry of sheep thoracolumbar spine. Five adult normal Merino sheep were included in this study. Sheep were anaesthetised and positioned in sternal recumbency. Subsequently, transverse and sagittal images were obtained using a multi-detector-row helical CT scanner. Measurements of the vertebral bodies, pedicles, intervertebral disc and transverse processes were performed with dedicated software. Vertebral bodies and the spinal canal were wider than they were deep, most obviously in the lumbar vertebrae. The intervertebral discs were as much as 57.4% thicker in the lumbar than in the thoracic spine. The pedicles were higher and longer than they were wide over the entire thoracolumbar spine. In conclusion, the generated data can serve as a CT reference for the ovine thoracolumbar spine and may be helpful in using sheep spine as a model for human spinal research.
Peter B. Sporns,Marco Höhne,Lennart Meyer,Christos Krogias,Volker Puetz,Kolja M. Thierfelder,Marco Duering,Daniel Kaiser,Sönke Langner,Alex Brehm,Lukas T. Rotkopf,Wolfgang G. Kunz,Jens Fiehler,Walter 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.3
Background and Purpose Many patients with stroke cannot receive intravenous thrombolysis because the time of symptom onset is unknown. We tested whether a simple method of computed tomography (CT)-based quantification of water uptake in the ischemic tissue can identify patients with stroke onset within 4.5 hours. Methods This retrospective analysis of the MissPerfeCT study (August 2009 to November 2017) includes consecutive patients with known onset of symptoms from seven tertiary stroke centers. We developed a simplified algorithm based on region of interest (ROI) measurements to quantify water uptake of the ischemic lesion and thereby quantify time of symptom onset within and beyond 4.5 hours. Perfusion CT was used to identify ischemic brain tissue, and its density was measured in non-contrast CT and related to the density of the corresponding area of the contralateral hemisphere to quantify lesion water uptake. Results Of 263 patients, 204 (77.6%) had CT within 4.5 hours. Water uptake was significantly lower in patients with stroke onset within (6.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.0% to 7.4%) compared to beyond 4.5 hours (12.7%; 95% CI, 10.7% to 14.7%). The area under the curve for distinguishing these patient groups according to percentage water uptake was 0.744 with an optimal cut-off value of 9.5%. According to this cut-off the positive predictive value was 88.8%, sensitivity was 73.5%, specificity 67.8%, negative predictive value was 42.6%. Conclusions Ischemic stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset can be identified as being within a timeframe of 4.5 hours using a ROI-based method to assess water uptake on admission non-contrast head CT.