Long-Term Changes in Post-Stroke Depression, Emotional Incontinence, and Anger

Boseong Kwon,Eun-Jae Lee,박성호,Ji Sung Lee,Min Hwan Lee,Daeun Jeong,Dongwhane Lee,Hyuk Sung Kwon,Dae-Il Chang,Jong-Ho Park,Jae-Kwan Cha,허지회,Sung-Il Sohn,Dong-Eog Kim,Smi Choi-Kwon,Jong S. Kim 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.2

Background and Purpose Long-term changes in post-stroke depression (PSD), post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI), and post-stroke anger (PSA) have rarely been studied. Methods This is a sub-study of EMOTION, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, that examined the efficacy of escitalopram on PSD, PSEI, and PSA in patients with stroke. We interviewed patients at the long-term period (LTP) using predefined questionnaires: Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) for PSD, modified Kim’s criteria for PSEI, and Spielberger trait anger scale for PSA. Additionally, the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) for the social support state and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were measured. We investigated the changes in and factors behind PSD, PSEI, and PSA at LTP. Results A total of 222 patients were included, and the median follow-up duration was 59.5 months (interquartile range, 50 to 70). Compared to the data at 6 months post-stroke, the prevalence of PSEI (11.7% at 6 months, 6.3% at LTP; P=0.05) and mean anger score (21.62, 16.24; P<0.01) decreased, while the prevalence of PSD (35.6%, 44.6%; P=0.03) and mean MADRS (6.16, 8.67; P<0.01) increased at LTP. ESSI was associated with PSD and PSA, but not with PSEI. The effect of the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on PSD decreased over time. The effect of low social support on PSD was greater than that of mRS at LTP. Conclusions The prevalence and degree of PSD significantly increased, while those of PSEI and PSA decreased at LTP. PSD in this stage appeared to be more closely associated with a lack of social support than patients' physical disabilities.

Safety and Effectiveness of the Novel Catheter 3.0 System for Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography: A Pilot Study

Kwon Boseong,Lee Ki Baek,Yoon Jong-Tae,Choi Joon Ho,Lee Deok Hee,Song Yunsun 대한신경중재치료의학회 2022 Neurointervention Vol.17 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new angiographic system (Catheter 3.0 system) using a 5 French (Fr), large-bore angiography catheter, a 0.032-inch stiff guidewire, and a continuous flushing system in diagnostic cerebral angiography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 30 consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral cerebral angiography using the Catheter 3.0 system from October 2019 to March 2020. As the control group, we included 30 consecutive patients examined before the Catheter 3.0 system was introduced. Procedural outcomes, including technical success, procedure time, dose metrics, procedure-related complications, and image quality were reviewed and analyzed. Results: All transfemoral cerebral angiographies were performed for a diagnosis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The Catheter 3.0 system showed a significantly shorter fluoroscopy time (6.2 vs. 9.7 minutes, P=0.008) and lower fluoroscopy dose (387.2 vs. 614.4, P=0.002) compared with the conventional 4-Fr catheter system. The Catheter 3.0 system also showed better results in terms of procedural time (21.0 vs. 22.5 minutes, P=0.072) and technical success rate (98.1% vs. 94.0%, P=0.078), although a statistical significance was not reached. The complication rate and qualitative assessment of the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image quality were similar between the two groups. Conclusion: The Catheter 3.0 system using a 5 Fr catheter with a large inner diameter was convenient, effective, and safe compared with the conventional system in diagnostic cerebrovascular angiography.

Preventive effects of ginseng against atherosclerosis and subsequent ischemic stroke: A randomized controlled trial (PEGASUS trial)

Boseong Kwon,Yunsun Song,Joong-Goo Kim,Dongwhane Lee,Sang-hun Lee,Young-Keol Cho,Jong S. Kim,Dae Chul Suh 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.4

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract has been shown to have beneficial effects in patientswith atherosclerosis, suggesting that KRG extract may be effective in preventing subsequent ischemicstroke in patients with severe atherosclerosis. Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized patients with severe atherosclerosis inmajor intracranial arteries or extracranial carotid artery, to ginseng group and placebo group. They weregiven two 500-mg KRG tablets or identical placebo tablets twice daily for 12 months according torandomization. The primary endpoint was the composite of cerebral ischemic stroke and transientischemic attack during 12 months after randomization. The secondary endpoints were change in volumetricblood flow of the intracranial vessels and the incidence of newly developed asymptomaticischemic lesions. Any adverse events were monitored. Results: Fifty-eight patients were randomized from June 2016 to June 2017, 29 to ginseng and 29 toplacebo, and 52 (28 and 24, respectively) completed the study. One patient in the placebo group, butnone in the ginseng group, experienced ischemic symptoms (p ¼ 0.46). Changes in volumetric blood flowand the presence of ischemic brain lesions did not differ significantly in the two groups, and none ofthese patients experienced adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: Ginseng was well tolerated by patients with severe atherosclerosis, with these patientsshowing good compliance with ginseng dosing. Ginseng did not show significant effects compared withplacebo, although none of the ginseng-treated patients experienced ischemic events. Long-term studiesin larger patient populations are required to test the effect of ginseng.

Physiologic Flow Diversion Coiling Technique for Wide-Necked Aneurysms with an Asymmetric Bidirectional Flow at the Aneurysm Neck

Kwon Boseong,Song Yunsun,Choi Yun Hyeok,Suh Dae Chul 대한신경중재치료의학회 2022 Neurointervention Vol.17 No.3

Purpose: Wide-necked aneurysms in the circle of Willis (CoW) are prone to recur due to reciprocal bidirectional flow. We present a novel concept of coil embolization to prevent recurrence that uses physiologic flow diversion at the CoW. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 14 patients (15 aneurysms) who underwent aneurysm coiling for wide-necked aneurysms with asymmetric bidirectional inflow into the aneurysm. Four patients had recurrent aneurysms after coiling. The concept of physiologic flow diversion included obliterating antegrade flow into the aneurysm sac as well as opposite CoW flow by performing compact coil packing with intentional protrusion out of the aneurysm neck to the communicating part. Results: Fifteen aneurysms, including 4 recurrent aneurysms, in an anterior communicating artery (n=7), posterior communicating artery (n=5), and tip of the basilar artery (n=3) were treated with coil embolization (n=10) and stent-assisted coiling (n=5). All aneurysms had a wide neck, and the mean largest diameter was 9.0 mm. The mean packing density was 45.1%. Twelve aneurysms were completely occluded, and 3 aneurysms had tiny residual neck remnants. There was neither a neurological event nor recurrence during the mean 12.5 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Wide-necked aneurysms at the CoW tend to recur. As a strategy to prevent a recurrence, physiologic flow diversion can be an option in treating wide-necked aneurysms in the CoW.

Synthesis of Alumina-Grafted Manganese Oxide Particles Using Surfactants through Coprecipitation Method and Their Thermal Properties

Kwon, Boseong,Park, Jun-Hwan,Jang, Seong-Cheol,Oh, Seong-Geun Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Alumina particles were grafted onto the surface of manganese oxide particles via the coprecipitation process using surfactant and cosurfactant. The phase of Mn/Al salts (Phase I) and the phase of precipitation agent (Phase II) were prepared in aqueous surfactant solution, separately. Phase II was added into Phase I and the reaction was performed to form the precursors of composites through hydrogen bonding between $Mn(OH)_2$ and $Al(OH)_3$ prepared by the reaction of Mn/Al salts with the precipitation agent. The alumina-grafted manganese oxide particles were obtained as a final product after calcination. The concentrations of Al salt and surfactant were varied to investigate their effects on the formation and the crystallinity of composites. In addition, the crystal structure of products could be controlled by changing the calcination temperature. Through thermal analyses, it was found that the thermal stability of manganese oxide was improved by the introduction of alumina on its surface.

Synthesis of Alumina-Grafted Manganese Oxide Particles Using Surfactants through Coprecipitation Method and Their Thermal Properties

Boseong Kwon,Jun-Hwan Park,Seong-Cheol Jang,오성근 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Alumina particles were grafted onto the surface of manganese oxide particles via the coprecipitation process using surfactant and cosurfactant. The phase of Mn/Al salts (Phase I) and the phase of precipitation agent (Phase II) were prepared in aqueous surfactant solution, separately. Phase II was added into Phase I and the reaction was performed to form the precursors of composites through hydrogen bonding between Mn(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 prepared by the reaction of Mn/Al salts with the precipitation agent. The alumina-grafted manganese oxide particles were obtained as a final product after calcination. The concentrations of Al salt and surfactant were varied to investigate their effects on the formation and the crystallinity of composites. In addition, the crystal structure of products could be controlled by changing the calcination temperature. Through thermal analyses, it was found that the thermal stability of manganese oxide was improved by the introduction of alumina on its surface.

Unexpected Nondissociative Binding of N₂O on Oxygen Vacancies on a Rutile TiO₂(110)-1×1

Kim, Boseong,Li, Zhenjun,Kay, Bruce D.,Dohná,lek, Zdenek,Kim, Yu Kwon American Chemical Society 2012 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol. No.

<P>The interaction of N<SUB>2</SUB>O with oxygen vacancies (V<SUB>O</SUB>’s) on a partially reduced rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110)-1×1 surface was investigated using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Contrary to a common belief that V<SUB>O</SUB> on a rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110) is a dissociation site for N<SUB>2</SUB>O, our results indicate that N<SUB>2</SUB>O does not dissociate to form N<SUB>2</SUB>(g) and O(a). In TPD, N<SUB>2</SUB>O desorption shows two peaks with maxima at 135 and 175 K that are assigned to N<SUB>2</SUB>O desorption from Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> and V<SUB>O</SUB> sites, respectively, with absolute coverages determined to be 5.4 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> N<SUB>2</SUB>O/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 2.3 × 10<SUP>13</SUP> N<SUB>2</SUB>O/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively, on the TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110)-1×1 surface used (V<SUB>O</SUB> concentration of 5%, 2.6 × 10<SUP>13</SUP>/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). When V<SUB>O</SUB>’s are passivated by dissociative adsorption of H<SUB>2</SUB>O, the N<SUB>2</SUB>O desorption peak at 175 K disappears, evidencing that the peak is related to V<SUB>O</SUB>-bonded N<SUB>2</SUB>O. The absence of N<SUB>2</SUB>O dissociation on V<SUB>O</SUB>’s is supported by a number of observations. First, the integrated amount of N<SUB>2</SUB>O desorbed from the substrate during TPD vs the amount of N<SUB>2</SUB>O dosed at 70 K shows a straight line with no offset, indicating no loss of N<SUB>2</SUB>O due to the N<SUB>2</SUB> formation. Second, N<SUB>2</SUB>O scattering experiments at 300–350 K indicate no change in the V<SUB>O</SUB> concentration as determined from the H<SUB>2</SUB>O TPD spectra. Third, N<SUB>2</SUB>O uptake experiments at 70–90 K show that the N<SUB>2</SUB> desorption feature is observed from TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110) surfaces without V<SUB>O</SUB>’s, suggesting a possible contribution from background N<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption. On the basis of the above observations, we conclude that N<SUB>2</SUB>O does not dissociate on V<SUB>O</SUB> sites on TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110), in contrast with the currently accepted view.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-1/jp210636j/production/images/medium/jp-2011-10636j_0007.gif'></P>

A passive mitigation strategy of impurity deposition on the first mirrors using duct with baffles: A case study at a port of KSTAR with in-situ deposition monitoring

Kim, Boseong,Seon, Changrae,Oh, Soo-Ghee,Kim, Yu Kwon,An, Younghwa,Bang, Eunnam,Hong, Suk-Ho,Pak, Sunil,Cheon, Munseong,Lee, Hyun Gon Elsevier 2018 Fusion engineering and design Vol.129 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report our recent investigation on a passive mitigation strategy of the mirror deposition in magnetically confined fusion (MCF) devices, employing a newly designed duct system with baffles at KSTAR tokamak. Our mitigation strategy of the first mirror deposition is to suppress the deposition of impurity species onto the first mirror by confining inert gas such as helium in the duct with baffles located in front of the first mirror. To achieve this final goal, feasibility of this technique at a real tokamak was investigated with regard to the effect on the plasma condition in this paper. To assess the effect of the helium gas flow on the plasma condition, 5 sccm amount of helium gas was injected into the duct for about 70% of shots in the year 2016. This quantity of helium gas was found to be insignificant in terms of the effect on plasma performance. To estimate the deposition quantity on the sample during plasma operation in-situ, quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) were also installed for thickness detection in real time at KSTAR. The net deposition rates of these samples at KSTAR were about 0.6–40 ng/h cm<SUP>2</SUP> (2.7 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>–0.18 nm/h (graphite)) depending on the kinds of operations such as plasma shots, glow discharge cleaning, and baking of the tokamak first wall. We found that the most detrimental condition with regard to the mirror deposition rate at KSTAR is the glow discharge wall cleaning (GDC) in the baking condition.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effect of the duct with baffles on the mirror deposition was investigated using test system installed at KSTAR tokamak. </LI> <LI> Helium gas purging in the duct as a method of deposition mitigation was tested to check the effect on the plasma condition. </LI> <LI> The impurity deposition rate was measured to be 0.6 – 40 ng/(h.cm<SUP>2</SUP>) or 2.7 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> – 0.18 nm/h (in case of graphite). </LI> <LI> The most detrimental operation of high deposition was the glow discharge wall cleaning (GDC) under a baking condition. </LI> </UL> </P>

The effect of oxygen vacancies on the binding interactions of NH₃ with rutile TiO₂(110)-1 × 1

Kim, Boseong,Li, Zhenjun,Kay, Bruce D.,Dohná,lek, Zdenek,Kim, Yu Kwon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.14 No.43

<P>A series of NH<SUB>3</SUB> temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra were taken after dosing NH<SUB>3</SUB> at 70 K on rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110)-1 × 1 surfaces with oxygen vacancy (V<SUB>O</SUB>) concentrations of ∼0% (p-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and 5% (r-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>), respectively, to study the effect of V<SUB>O</SUB>s on the desorption energy of NH<SUB>3</SUB> as a function of coverage, <I>&thetas;</I>. Our results show that in the zero coverage limit, the desorption energy of NH<SUB>3</SUB> on r-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> is 115 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP>, which is 10 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP> less than that on p-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The desorption energy from the Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> sites decreases with increasing <I>&thetas;</I> due to repulsive NH<SUB>3</SUB>–NH<SUB>3</SUB> interactions and approaches ∼55 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP> upon the saturation of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> sites (<I>&thetas;</I> = 1 monolayer, ML) on both p- and r-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The absolute monolayer saturation coverage is determined to be about 10% smaller on r-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> than that on p-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Additionally, the trailing edges of the NH<SUB>3</SUB> TPD spectra on the hydroxylated TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110) (h-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) appear to be the same as that on r-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> while those on oxidized TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110) (o-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) shift to higher temperatures. We present a detailed analysis of the results and reconcile the observed differences based on the repulsive adsorbate–adsorbate dipole interactions between neighboring NH<SUB>3</SUB> molecules and the surface charge associated with the presence of V<SUB>O</SUB>s.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A series of NH<SUB>3</SUB> temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra were taken after dosing NH<SUB>3</SUB> at 70 K on rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110)-1 × 1 surfaces with oxygen vacancy (V<SUB>O</SUB>) concentrations of ∼0% (p-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and 5% (r-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>), respectively, to study the effect of V<SUB>O</SUB>'s on the desorption energy of NH<SUB>3</SUB> as a function of coverage, <I>&thetas;</I>. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cp42754k'> </P>

Low-Temperature Desorption of N₂O from NO on Rutile TiO₂(110)-1 × 1

Kim, Boseong,Li, Zhenjun,Kay, Bruce D.,Dohná,lek, Zdenek,Kim, Yu Kwon American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.18

<P>We find that NO dosed on rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110)-1 × 1 at substrate temperatures as low as 50 K readily reacts to produce N<SUB>2</SUB>O, which desorbs promptly from the surface leaving an oxygen adatom behind. The desorption rate of N<SUB>2</SUB>O reaches a maximum value after 1–2 s at an NO flux of 1.2 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> NO/cm<SUP>2</SUP>·sec and then decreases rapidly as the initially clean, reduced TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(110) surface with ∼5% oxygen vacancies (V<SUB>O</SUB>’s) becomes covered with oxygen adatoms and unreacted NO. The maximum desorption rate is also found to increase as the substrate temperature is raised up to about 100 K. Interestingly, the N<SUB>2</SUB>O desorption during the low-temperature (LT) NO dose is strongly suppressed when molecular oxygen is predosed, whereas it persists on the surface with V<SUB>O</SUB>’s passivated by surface hydroxyls. Our results show that the surface charge, not the V<SUB>O</SUB> sites, plays a dominant role in the LT N<SUB>2</SUB>O desorption induced by a facile NO reduction at such low temperatures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-18/jp501179y/production/images/medium/jp-2014-01179y_0006.gif'></P>