정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

地域經濟活性化를 위한 農村市場開發에 관한 硏究 : 忠南 禮山地域市場을 中心으로

尹畯相,李武鉉,申尹撤,洪性贊,朴奉圭 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1994 産業開發硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Since the first year economic development plan, imblanced development of national territory during the economic development process has aggravated remarkable disparity between urban and rural areas. For this reason, this study introduced the development of rural market as one of the development strategies of regional economic to correct the imblance and relieve regional disparity. The purpose of this study were to look into the present situation of traditional rural market and to analyze the problems for the rural development in view of the current road situations in the rural areas and status of marketing facilities in market center and to measure the degree of rural area people's satisfaction to the rural market and to suggest the development plan of activating for rural market center. To collect data, the Yesan Gun rural market were selected and a total of 591 residents and 178 merchants were sampled as final subjects of survey. Interview and/or questionnaire method was the main method of data collection. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) The population of Yesan Gun has decreased 2.85 persons per year from in 1984, but the number of vehicles were increased 2.85 times than in 1989. And the parking capacity of Yesan Eup was only 129 vehicles which were below of the total vehicles of Yesan Gun area (14,352). The number of Yesan area markets were 8 markets which consisted of 1 permanent market and 7 periodic markets. But as the economy has been developed, the conditions of rural markets have been changing. That is, the role of periodic market tends to be weakened with the growth of large cities, reinforcement of permanent markets, development of traffic facilities, large production, preferring high quality goods. 3) Generally, the people of Yesan Gun were attached for purchasing the necessaries of life and comodities and farming materials to ① Yesan Eup ② Seoul ③ Chonan Shi ④ Hongsung gun ⑤ Daejeon Shi. 4) The degree of community people's satisfaction to the town market presented 26.6% which meaned higher than dissatisfaction(9.5%). And the degree of people's inconvenience of accessibility to market center by transferring of bus terminal presented 64.2% which meaned higher than average. 5) The degree of people's dissatisfaction of traffic system in Yesan gun area presented followings: the road networks(61.5%), parking facility(68%), bus route(54%). 6) By the survey of merchants of Yesan gun area, on the average, it showed followings: the size of store was 6-10 pyeong(40%), the type of enterprise was retail dealer(70.9%), and purchasing place was wholesale dealer from Seoul(51.8%). 7) And they thought that Yesan town market were too small(70.8%), and the diversifying of goods was not enough(35.5%). 8) The merchants of Yesan area showed that the degree of into venience to traffic system was 72.7% and its to parking facility was 83.3%. And they complained that community administration agency have not tried to activate market(79.1%). Based on the results of this study, the following recommendation were made for activating regional economy and community market. That is, it is to strengthen the economic function in community market so as to suffice the economic and social activities for settlement area as their living space. And it is necessary to improve the interrelationship of the central functions. 1) So, the accessibility between market center and its surrounding areas must be rised. ① the enforcing preferentially to pave the bus terminal and market center to link two place. ② the running of shuttle-bus two place every regular market day. ③ the widening and connecting the road to rise accessibility between market center and its surrounding area. ④ the enforcement of parking facility around market center. ⑤ the constructing marketing centered area as intergrated body of various marketing facilities in the adjacent site is the centered area planned to achieve efficient marketing. 2) The modernization and specialization market center facilities. 3) The strengthening of drawing surrounding area people into Yesan market center. So, the following recommended: ① the development of special products market ② inducing special projects ③ the development tour and leisure course drawing industrial facilities. 4) And it needs to enforce community people's local patriotism and to support community markets by administration agency.

고관성 Pre&Autortating 로터를 이용한 Super STOL 수송기 개념 설계의 타당성 연구

김학윤,이봉준 한국 항공대학교 항공산업기술연구소 1999 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

산악이 많은 한국과 같은 지형적 조건에서 운용 가능한 지역 운송용 항공기를 설계하기 위한 임무 요구조건을 설정하고 유사기종에 대한 성능 분석을 하였다. 성능 분석에 따라 설계의 초기 파라미터를 결정하였고 초 단거리 이, 착륙 성능 구현을 위하여 새로운 개념의 고양력 장치인 고관성 Pre&Autorotating 로터를 도입하였다. 고관성 로터의 풍동실험 결과를 토대로 Prerotation에 의해 고관성 로터에 저장된 운동에너지를 발산시키는 방법에 의한 이륙 방식과 자동회전하는 로터를 이용하여 착륙하는 방식에 대하여 검토하였고 설계 파라미터간의 관계에 대해 고찰하였다. 가능성 검토의 결과 고관성 Pre&Autorotating 로터는 순항 성능을 훼손하지 않고 초단거리 이, 착륙 수송기를 설계하기 위한 보조 양력 증가장치로서 매우 유용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Mission specifications were established for the regional transport aircraft which is operatable in the mountainous country like korea, and the performance of similar regional aircraft were analyzed. After that, for the research the initial design parameters were set simultaneously introducing the high inertia Pre&Autorotating rotor concept as a new high lift device. Feasibility research was made based on the wind tunnel test results of high inertia rotor for the ways of dissipating kinetic energy stored in the high inertia rotor for the take-off and of using autorotating rotor for the landing, correlations between design parameters were studied too. feasibility study indicated that the high inertia Pre&Autorotating rotor could be very useful augmented lift device in order to design super STOL transport not deteriorating cruising performance.

職業的 特性이 조직커미트먼트에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

김준식,운봉현 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2000 産業經營 Vol.26 No.-

The citizens of Korea want to get better administrative service. The government is also eager to improve productivity of employees and establish a positive attitude toward public officers. Public officers themselves expect people to recognize their job as a good occupation so that they can work with self-confidence. In reality, they have a low commitment to their job because of their indifference to the nature of public careers, a negative peace-at-any-price principle along with idleness without rationalism. The solution to these problems is to improve organizational commitment, The existing research has mostly been conducted by private institutions and pays litt1e attention to human psychology A lot of the existing research excludes job satisfaction as a factor in the study models, though some research shows that job satisfaction can influence organizational commitment. Considering the above, I selected several factors that affect the organizational commitment of public officers such as demographics, individuality, occupational specialty, and job satisfaction. Organizational commitment is viewed as a multi-dimensional concept and hypothesis were formulated under those assumptions. The affective factors to the organizational commitment of public officers of our country were derived from a test of hypothesis. The way to improve the organizational commitment of public officers was found in this manner and I suggest here an alternative for the government or its provincial agencies. The outcome of the analysis shows a high continuous commitment among males having poor academic background and a short length of service. Stability, authoritarianism, and a sense of duty have a meaningful influence on continuous commitment. Job satisfaction also has a positive effect. The group of males with a short length of service shows high affective commitment and autonomy. This has a positive influence on the general characteristics. Occupational specialty has a negative relationship with stability and public servant spirit. The threat of lay-offs and authoritarianism have a positive influence. Job satisfaction also shows a positive relationship. In case of normative commitment, it was high in the group of high academic career, high-ranking officers and long length of service. Creativity and learning positively affected general characteristics. Occupational specialty has a positive relationship with the sense of duty and public servant spirit. So, I suggest that we can improve the organizational commitment of public officers with the following programs : First, continuous commitment cannot always be improved with extended length of service, so we can expect administrative efficiency and activation of organization when an age-limit system for each promotion is introduced for high level positions. Affective commitment level was decreased with a growing length of service. For the employees who worked for a longer period, hobbies or educational programs are needed to compensate for their psychological loss and emotional balancing. Encouraging informal clubs can be helpful. Employees who have low academic careers need to have many educational opportunities from the government or the chance to go to night school. Those who have high academic career also must get further education or be encouraged to go to graduate school. Society is developing rapidly into an information-dominated environment so public officers should adapt themselves not only for the purpose of work but also for their future life by continuing their education. Second, autonomy is an important factor, so the authorized limit of right should be enlarged properly when responsibility is increased. Rules and organization require flexibility. Strong desire to study gives a positive influence to normative commitment, A system that can satisfy intellectual or self-developing desires should be introduced, such as foreign language classes, encouraging upper level schooling, inviting lecturedrs who are specialized in certain fields employees want to learn, etc. The improvement of public officers' knowledge and upgrading their quality is helpful for both job efficiency and better administrative service. Third, reducing stability and authoritarianism will strengthen public servant spirit. Ability-focused systems, age-limit systems for each promotion, and objective personnel policies should be established to break down old bureaucracy in the government, its provincial agencies. and parliament. The introduction of regular and partial lay-offs could also be taken into consideration. Fourth, to elevate the level of normative commitment, a proposition system should be activated. Excellent propositions will be analysed to find out their effects and the proposing public officer could be promoted or rewarded, A proposition system requires a very autonomous and mutually cooperative environment. A bureaucratic and stiffened environment will stifle that. Fifth, public servant spirit and the sense of duty that makes employees feel their sacrifice to society worth the public benefit have to be raised from the bottom of their heart because normative commitment has a positive relationship on those. Salaries need to be almost the same as private company employees' and public officers should feel that citizens recognize their job a good occupation in society. People should exert themselves to discover public employees' good aspects rather than bad ones such as corruption, idleness without rationalism, indifference to the nature of public careers, authoritarianism, red-tapism or formalism. On the other hand, public officers should establish strict discipline inside their group by disciplinary action or proper penalties and are should promote social stability by proving to citizens that they are a very honest, sincere and faithful group. This way, the whole family of public officers will make it an honor to be a public servant under the new administrative culture.

안면부에 발생한 고정형 스포로트리쿰증 3례

최윤애,류영욱,정재봉,송준영,이규석 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

We experienced 3 cases of fixed type cutaneous sporotrichosis confined to the face. Case 1 was a 32-month old child, affected over the nose. Case 2 was a 25-year old man, affected over the left cheek. Case 3 was a 71-year old man, affected over the nose. Histopathologically, chronic granulomatous inflammation with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia was observed. Mycologically, typical dark brown to black colored colonines with moist, wrinkled and membranous surfaces were cultured. All patients were completely cured by oral administration of saturated KI and itraconazole combined therapy in a short period(40-90 days).

확장 칼만 필터를 이용한 동적 전기 임피던스 단층촬영법

김봉석,김경연,김민찬,이윤준 濟州大學校 情報通信硏究所 2000 情報通信硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In electrical impedance tomography (EIT). the resistivity(impedance) distribution of the unknown object is estimated from boundary voltages induced by different current patterns with various reconstruction algorithms. In this paper. we propose a dynamic EIT reconstruction algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter(EKF). The reconstruction problem is formulated as dynamic equation which consists of the state equation and the observation equation and the unknown state is estimated recursively with the aid of the EKF. Computer simulations for the 16-channel synthetic data are provided to illustrate the reconstruction performance of the proposed algorithm.

急性特發性心囊炎의 1例

金星潤,孫宜錫,李禎均,許鳳烈,咸駿洙,金鮮宙 대한의학협회 1977 대한의학협회지 Vol.20 No.9

체력단련이 숨참기동안 및 회복기의 혈압과 심박동수에 미치는 영향

이영만,윤봉영,윤성수,김준곤,이상렬,김성호,배계숙 최신의학사 1984 最新醫學 Vol.27 No.11

교통사고 발생 추이에 관한 연구

양혁준,최봉근,윤태영,최중명,박순영,유동준 慶熙大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶熙 醫大 論文集 Vol.22 No.1

패러글라이더의 날개끝각의 변화에 의한 양항특성연구

김진우,김학윤,김우진,이봉준 한국항공대학교 항공우주산업기술연구소 2002 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

본 논문에서는 패러글라이더의 날개끝각을 변화시켜서 양항비를 증가시키는 새로운 기술에 대하여 연구하였다. 패러글라이더의 날개끝각을 변화 시킬 때 양항특성에 미치는 영향을 실험과 비행시험에 의한 방법으로 연구하였다. 풍동실험에서는 가로세로비가 4.5인 패러글라이더의 모형을 사용하여 날개끝각이 변할 때 패러글라이더의 양항특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였으며 그 결과 재래식 패러글라이더보다 날개끝각이 변하는 패러글라이더가 양항비가 증가하는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 비행실험은 "에델"사의 고급 기종인 "Response"를 사용하여 비행중 속도비에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 실험치와 잘 일치함을 보였다. In this paper, a new technology which increases the lift-drag ratio of a paraglider by varying wing tip angle is presented. An experimental study and flight test have been performed on the lift and drag characteristics of a paraglider with various wing tip angle. A wind tunnel investigation has been conducted to determine the effects of wing tip angle variation on the lift and drag characteristics of a paraglider model of aspect ratio 4.5. The results show that a paraglider with variable wing tip angle is more effective in increasing the lift-drag ratio than conventional paraglider. A flight test was conducted by using Edel's advanced "Response" paraglider on the effect of speed ratio. The flight test results agree favorably with the experimental data.