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Analysis of Activated Sludge Process Upset Due to Filamentous Bulking and Nitrification
金昌元,Ben Koopman 부산대학교 공과대학 1987 硏究報告 Vol.33 No.-
활성 슬러지 공법을 사용하는 하폐수 처리장에서 공장설계 목적 및 운전상황에 비추어 유출수의 BOD_(5) 측정치가 과대히 높은 경우가 있어 그 원인을 규명하고 해결책을 제시하고자 하였다. 하나의 유의한 원인인 팽화 현상은 Type 1701, Thiothrix spp. 및 Type 0041 사상균의 과대성장으로 인하여 발생하였음을 발견하였다. 이러한 사상균들에 의한 팽화현상의 제어를 위하여 장기적인 대책 수립의 필요성과 함께 단기적으로 반송슬러지 염소 주입법이 제안되었다. 유출수의 높은 BOD_(5) 측정치에 관련된 다른 하나의 원인은 BOD 실험시에 발생된 질산화 반응임이 Nitrite 및 Nitrate 농도의 측정으로 확인되었다. 질산화 박테리아의 근원을 찾아내기 위하여 2회에 걸쳐 각 1주씩 유의한 몇 개의 시료 채취 장소에서 유출수 시료를 채취하여 BOD_(5) 측정치를 비교하였다. 그 결과 질산화 박테리아의 근원은 현장에 설치된 유출수의 시료 채취시설임을 발견하였다. BOD 실험시 질산화 박테리아가 시료와 함께 유입되는 것을 방지하기 위하여 현장 시료 채취시설의 정기적인 소득 및 세척의 필요성이 제안되었다.
김인배,안진선,Kim Inbae,Koopman Ben.,An Jinsun 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.5
Seaweed waste(SWW) was used to improve the liner effect in recycling of dredged soil as the landfill liner. It was found that the compressive strength became somewhat lower when SWW was added than that was when Ordinary Port-land Cement(OPC) only was added. The permeability coefficient, however, became lower in this case which showed the lowest permeability coefficient when the addition of SWW was one percent. Hence, to comply with the regulations for the compression strength and permeability coefficient of landfill liner, the addition of OPC should be over eight percent and that of seaweed waste one percent. The results of leaching test showed that the solidified material was not against the laws of waste control, so it is possible to use as the landfill liner and to expect sufficient economic effects because wastes such as dredged soil and seaweed can be recycled.
Park, Seong-Joo,Yoon, Jerng-Chang,Shin, Kwang-Soo,Kim, Eung-Ho,Yim, Soo-Bin,Cho, Yeon-Je,Sung, Gi-Moon,Lee, Dong-Geun,Kim, Seung-Bum,Lee, Dong-Uk,Woo, Sung-Hoon,Koopman, Ben The Microbiological Society of Korea 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.2
The bacterial diversity inherent to the biofilm community structure of a modified rotating biological contactor wastewater treatment process, referred to as the Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor (RABC) process, was characterized in this study, via both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. On the basis of culture-dependent methods, Bacillus sp. were found to exist in large numbers on the biofilm (6.5% of the heterotrophic bacteria) and the microbial composition of the biofilms was quite simple. Only three phyla were identified-namely, the Proteobacteria, the Actinobacteria (High G+C Gram-positive bacteria), and the Firmicutes (Low G+C Gram-positive bacteria). The culture-independent partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed a considerably more diverse microbial composition within the biofilms. A total of eight phyla were recovered in this case, three of which were major groups: the Firmicutes (43.9%), the Proteobacteria (28.6%), and the Bacteroidetes (17.6%). The remaining five phyla were minor groups: the Planctomycetes (4.4%), the Chlorobi (2.2%), the Actinobacteria (1.1%), the Nitrospirae (1.1%), and the Verrucomicrobia (1.1%). The two most abundant genera detected were the endospore-forming bacteria (31.8%), Clostridium and Bacillus, both of which are members of the Firmicutes phylum. This finding indicates that these endospore-forming bacteria successfully colonized and dominated the RABC process biofilms. Many of the colonies or clones recovered from the biofilms evidenced significantly high homology in the 16S rDNA sequences of bacteria stored in databases associated with advanced wastewater treatment capabilities, including nitrification and denitrification, phosphorus accumulation, the removal of volatile odors, and the removal of chlorohydrocarbons or heavy metals. The microbial community structures observed in the biofilms were found to correlate nicely with the enhanced performance of advanced wastewater treatment protocols.