Roles of the Bcl-2/Bax Ratio, Caspase-8 and 9 in Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel

Sharifi, Simin,Barar, Jaleh,Hejazi, Mohammad Saeid,Samadi, Nasser Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

The goal of this study was to establish paclitaxel resistant MCF-7 cells, as in vitro model, to identify the molecular mechanisms leading to acquired chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Resistant cells were developed by stepwise increasing exposure to paclitaxel. Gene expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 along with protein levels of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were evaluated in two resistant cell lines (MCF-7/Pac64 and MCF-7/Pac5 nM). Morphological modifications in paclitaxel resistance cells were examined by light microscopy and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). As an important indicator of resistance to chemotheraputic agents, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio showed a significant increase in both MCF-7/Pac5nM and MCF-7/Pac 64nM cells (p<0.001), while caspase-9 levels were decreased (p<0.001) and caspase-8 was increased (p<0.001). FACS analysis demonstrated that MCF-7/Pac64 cells were smaller than MCF-7 cells with no difference in their granularity. Our results support the idea that paclitaxel induces apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. Identifying breast cancer patients with a higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase 9 level and then inhibiting the activity of these proteins may improve the efficacy of chemotheraputic agents.

Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Anti-Tumoral Evaluation of Erlotinib-PCEC Nanoparticles

Barghi, Leila,Asgari, Davoud,Barar, Jaleh,Nakhlband, Aylar,Valizadeh, Hadi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23

Background: Development of a nanosized polymeric delivery system for erlotinib was the main objective of this research. Materials and Methods: Poly caprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCEC) copolymers with different compositions were synthesized via ring opening polymerization. Formation of triblock copolymers was confirmed by HNMR as well as FT-IR. Erlotinib loaded nanoparticles were prepared by means of synthesized copolymers with solvent displacement method. Results: Physicochemical properties of obtained polymeric nanoparticles were dependent on composition of used copolymers. Size of particles was decreased with decreasing the PCL/PEG molar ratio in used copolymers. Encapsulation efficiency of prepared formulations was declined by decreasing their particle size. Drug release behavior from the prepared nanoparticles exhibited a sustained pattern without a burst release. From the release profiles, it can be found that erlotinib release rate from polymeric nanoparticles is decreased by increase of CL/PEG molar ratio of prepared block copolymers. Based on MTT assay results, cell growth inhibition of erlotinib has a dose and time dependent pattern. After 72 hours of exposure, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of erlotinib hydrochloride was appeared to be $14.8{\mu}M$. Conclusions: From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the prepared PCEC nanoparticles in this study might have the potential to be considered as delivery system for erlotinib.

Hydrogel nanoparticles and nanocomposites for nasal drug/vaccine delivery

Sara Salatin,Jaleh Barar,Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali,Khosro Adibkia,Mitra Alami Milani,Mitra Jelvehgari 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.9

Over the past few years, nasal drug delivery has attracted more and more attentions, and been recognized as the most promising alternative route for the systemic medication of drugs limited to intravenous administration. Many experiments in animal models have shown that nanoscale carriers have the ability to enhance the nasal delivery of peptide/protein drugs and vaccines compared to the conventional drug solution formulations. However, the rapid mucociliary clearance of the drug-loaded nanoparticles can cause a reduction in bioavailability percentage after intranasal administration. Thus, research efforts have considerably been directed towards the development of hydrogel nanosystems which have mucoadhesive properties in order to maximize the residence time, and hence increase the period of contact with the nasal mucosa and enhance the drug absorption. It is most certain that the high viscosity of hydrogel-based nanosystems can efficiently offer this mucoadhesive property. This update review discusses the possible benefits of using hydrogel polymer-based nanoparticles and hydrogel nanocomposites for drug/vaccine delivery through the intranasal administration.

Impact of Amino-Acid Coating on the Synthesis and Characteristics of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles (IONs)

Ebrahiminezhad, Alireza,Ghasemi, Younes,Rasoul-Amini, Sara,Barar, Jaleh,Davaran, Soodabeh Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

Iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONs) with biocompatible coatings are the only nanostructural materials which have been approved by the FDA for clinical use. Common biocompatible coatings such as hydrocarbons, polymers, and silica have profound influences on critical characteristics of IONs. Recently, amino acids were introduced as a novel biocompatible coating. In the present study, the effects of amino acids on IONs synthesis and characteristics have been evaluated. Magnetite nanoparticles with L-arginine and L-lysine coatings were synthesised by a coprecipitation reaction in aqueous solvent and their characteristics were compared with naked magnetite nanoparticles. The results showed that amino acids can be a perfect coating for IONs and would increase particle stability without any significant effects on the critical properties of nanoparticles such as particle size and magnetization saturation value.

Current Researches in Modular Biofabrication: Tissue Building Blocks and Bioreactors

Zakhireh Solmaz,Mesgari-Shadi Ali,Barar Jaleh,Omidi Yadollah,Beygi-Khosrowshahi Younes,Adibkia Khosro 한국화학공학회 2024 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.41 No.6

Modular tissue engineering (TE) is based on the design, fabrication, and arrangement of replicated microtissue constructs to generate functional tissues. The advantage of this strategy is to produce tissues that more closely mimic the complex structure of native tissues/organs. High-precision technologies such as microfl uidics, 3D bioprinting, and electrospinning, which support both cell- and scaff old-based biofabrication methods, are implemented in a bottom-up TE strategy. Bioreactors are used in the last step of the tissue production process. Packed bed perfusion bioreactors are widely applied in bottom-up tissue engineering due to their ability to control perfusion to tissues. Modeling and simulation software packages are used as powerful tools to predict the perfusion and fl ow distribution to the tissues and to design robust bioreactors. This review imparts on the recent advances in the fi eld of bottom-up TE process and provides comprehensive insights into the cell-based and scaff old-based strategies used for the biofabrication/assembly of tissue building blocks (BBs). Microfl uidic devices and 3D-bioprinting technology are mentioned as precise controlling tools in this regard, the promoted applications of which are swiftly growing.

Impact of Amino-Acid Coating on the Synthesis and Characteristics of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles (IONs)

Alireza Ebrahiminezhad,Younes Ghasemi,Sara Rasoul-Amini,Jaleh Barar,Soodabeh Davaran 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

Iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONs) with biocompatible coatings are the only nanostructural materials which have been approved by the FDA for clinical use. Common biocompatible coatings such as hydrocarbons, polymers, and silica have profound influences on critical characteristics of IONs. Recently, amino acids were introduced as a novel biocompatible coating. In the present study, the effects of amino acids on IONs synthesis and characteristics have been evaluated. Magnetite nanoparticles with L-arginine and L-lysine coatings were synthesised by a coprecipitation reaction in aqueous solvent and their characteristics were compared with naked magnetite nanoparticles. The results showed that amino acids can be a perfect coating for IONs and would increase particle stability without any significant effects on the critical properties of nanoparticles such as particle size and magnetization saturation value.