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윤현두,허선,김재곤,이두철,백병주 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
The purpose if this study was to evaluate temperature change occurred in enamel, dentin and pulp due to the heat from cavity prepration with laser. We made three models had different cavity depth : cavity depth of model Awas 3.52mm, model B was 2.32mm, model C was 1.16mm. We irradiated cavity base with thermal capacity of 30J,100J,300J/㎤s during few seconds and studied the change of temperature in tooth during 10 seconds, and estimated change of thermal capacity by different irradiated site and exposure time. AT 300j/㎤s irradiation for 2 seconds, the temperature of irradiated surface was elevated fast according to irradiated thermal energy during I second, In proportion to continuous exposure time, temperature elevated slowly The surface temperature was 1370℃. After discontinue of thermal irradiation, the heat of irradiated surface was diffused in dentin and pulp and the greatest temperature was made, The greatest temperature was disappeared within 10 seconds The greatest temperature of the inner part of model brought about very severe change by different depth. Temperature in pulp was raised by the greater irradiated energy density and exposure time.
박정서,김신종,백운필,이현주,송윤석,장정민 明知大學校 自然科學硏究所 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.15 No.-
Biphenyl의 para position에 methylene group을 도입 시키는 방법으로 paraformaldehyde와 dimethylamine을 반응시켜 Mannich Base인 (1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dimethyl)-dimethli amine을 합성해 보았으나, 전혀 반응이 진행되지 않았다. 즉 , Biphenyl에 강한 activating group이 없으므로 Mannich Base을 사용한 방법은 효과적이 못된다. 따라서, 다른 방법으로 biphenyl에 bromomethylation을 진행 시켜서, 두 개의 methylene group을 도입시켰다. Bromomethylation은 다음과 같이 사용하는 시약 및 실험 방법 등을 고려하여 3가지 방법으로 시도 하였다. 1)1,3,5-trioxane + HBr in AcOH + paraformaldehyde 사용법, 2)Hbr in AcOH + paraformaldehyde 사용법, 3) NaBr + H₂SO₄+paraformaldehyde 사용법, 이상의 3가지 방법 중에서 NaBr+ H₂SO₄+ paraformaldehyde 사용법이 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 이러한 system에서 반응을 진행시킨 결과 69% 의 높은 수율 (87%의 purity)로 4,4'-dibromomethylbiphenyl 합성에 성공할 수 있었다. The synthetic method for the induction of methylene group on the para position of arenes is of importance. Since the weak activation effect of phenyl group on the electrophilic substitution reaction, the induction of methylene group by way of Mannich base using paraformaldehyde and dimethylamine was unsuccessful. It was found that halomethylation of byphenyl is only the way for the preparation of di-p-methylenebiphenyl. Especially, bromomethylation was turn out to be more reliable synthetic method than chloromethylation. Herein, we developed 3 protocols for the synthesis of 4,4'-dibromomethylbiphenyl. In addition, the best result was obtained using NaBr + H₂SO₄paraformaldehyde protocol in 69% yield.
최남홍,곽호윤,송백용,배상욱,이인묵,김도현 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.3
목적: 이번 연구의 목적은 보조기를 이용하여 최소 전위된 족관절 외과 골절의 보존적 치료 결과를 알아보는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 11명 (11예)의 환자들이 수상 후 8주간 전 체중 부하 보행으로 보존적 치료를 받았다. 적응증으로는 3㎜ 이하의 골절 전위, 내과 부분의 동통과 부종이 없거나 있어도 미약한 경우, 거골의 외측 전위가 없는 경우로 삼았다. 환자들은 AOFAS (the American Orthopedic Foor and Ankle Society) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale에 의해 평가받았다. 결과: 평균 103주 (36~192주)의 추시 관찰을 하였으며, 전례에서 발목 관절의 운동 범위는 정상이었다. 평균 AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale 점수는 95점이었다. 결론: 보조기를 이용한 보존적 치료의 장점은 조기에 전 체중 부하 보행을 하며 일상생활 및 사회생활을 영위할 수 있다는 것, 환자의 편안함, 그리고 재활 치료 기간의 단축이었다. 그러므로 최소 전위된 족관절 외과 골절에 보조기를 이용한 보존적 치료는 권할만하다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of conservative treatment for minimal displaced lateral mallolar fracture using ankle brace. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients (eleven ankles) underwent conservative treatment with ankle brace for 8 weeks with full weight bearing ambulation. Inclusion criteria were minimal displacement (<3㎜) of fracture, no or mild tenderness or swelling on medial malleolar area and no lateral shift of talus. The patients were evaluated with AOFAS (the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle society) Ankle-Hindfoot scale. Result: Average follow up was 103 weeks (36~192). All cases had normal range of motion of ankle. The average score of AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale was 95 points. Conclusion: The advantages of conservative treatment with ankle brace were early return to daily activity and work, comfort to the patients and a short period of rehabilitation. Conservative treatment with ankle brace for minimal displaced lateral malleolar fracture is recommended.
Lee, Heon-Jeong,Lee, Min-Soo,Kang, Rhee-Hun,Kim, Hyun,Kim, Soon-Duck,Kee, Baik-Seok,Kim, Young Hoon,Kim, Yong-Ku,Kim, Jung Bum,Yeon, Byung Kil,Oh, Kang Seob,Oh, Byung-Hoon,Yoon, Jin-Sang,Lee, Chul,Jun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Depression and Anxiety Vol.21 No.3
<P>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent anxiety disorder marked by behavioral, physiologic, and hormonal alterations. The etiology of PTSD is unknown, although exposure to a traumatic event constitutes a necessary, but not sufficient, factor. Serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in PTSD. The present study examined the possible association between the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (SERTPR) and PTSD. The genotype and allele frequencies of the SERTPR were analyzed in 100 PTSD patients and 197 unrelated healthy controls using a case–control design. The frequency of the s/s genotype was significantly higher in PTSD patients than in normal controls. These findings suggest that the SERTPR s/s genotype is one of the genetic factors for the susceptibility to PTSD. Further investigations are required into the influence of gene polymorphisms on the biological mechanisms of PTSD, its clinical expression, and its response to treatment. Depression and Anxiety 00:1–5, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Comparison of Proteome Components of Helicobacter pylori Before and After Mouse Passage
Lee, Kyoung-Ja,Kim, Bok-Ran,Cho, Young-A,Song, Yun-Gyu,Song, Jae-Young,Lee, Kon-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Lyun,Baik, Seung-Chul,Cho, Myung-Je,Rhee, Kwang-Ho,Seo, Ji-Hyun,Youn, Hee-Shang,Lee, Woo-Kon 대한미생물학회 2011 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.41 No.4
The mouse model is alleged to be a useful tool for understanding of pathophysiological roles of Helicobacter pylori in the development of gastric disorders. However, it has been observed that H. pylori strains significantly differed in their fitness in mice and even mouse strains differed in their susceptibilities to a H. pylori strain. Bacterial components of H. pylori which could affect on its fitness in mice have to be elucidated for the establishment of the mouse model for H. pylori infections. In the comparison of colonization ability between two H. pylori Korean isolates, 51 (isolated from a patient with duodenal ulcer) and 52 (isolated from a patient with gastric cancer), 52 could colonize better than 51 on the gastric mucosa of mouse. Proteome components of H. pylori 52, as a good colonizer and H. pylori 51, as a poor one were quantitatively compared each other. Five bacterial proteins including catalase, urease subunit alpha/beta, enolase and ferritin, were up-regulated in 52. In addition, the respective proteome components of the two strains were also compared with their mouse-passaged homologous strains. Seven and five proteins, which included catalase, flagellin A/B in common, were up-regulated in mouse-adapted 51 and 52, respectively. Among the fourteen identified proteins, urease subunit alpha/beta, flagellin A/B, catalase, ferritin, superoxide dismutase and neutrophil-activation protein have been previously known to be necessary to gastric colonization of H. pylori in animal models. The other up-regulated proteins including enolase, elongation factor Tu and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase have been reported to be associated with acid tolerance of H. pylori. These data provide confirmatory evidence for the importance of those proteins in the development of H. pylori-associated gastric disorders.
Surgical Strategy for T2 Gallbladder Cancer: Nationwide Multicenter Survey in Korea
Lee, Seung Eun,Kim, Sun-Whe,Han, Ho-Seong,Lee, Woo Jung,Yoon, Dong-Sup,Cho, Baik-Hwan,Choi, In Seok,Kim, Hyun Jong,Hong, Soon-Chan,Lee, Sang-Mok,Choi, Dong Wook,Park, Sang-Jae,Kim, Hong-Jin,Jang, Jin- KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.28
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Although all guidelines suggest that T2 gallbladder (GB) cancer should be treated by extended cholecystectomy (ECx), high-level scientific evidence is lacking because there has been no randomized controlled trial on GB cancer.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A nationwide multicenter study between 2000 and 2009 from 14 university hospitals enrolled a total of 410 patients with T2 GB cancer. The clinicopathologic findings and long-term follow-up results were analyzed after consensus meeting of Korean Pancreas Surgery Club.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The 5-year cumulative survival rate (5YSR) for the patients who underwent curative resection was 61.2%. ECx group showed significantly better 5YSR than simple cholecystectomy (SCx) group (65.4% vs. 54.0%, <I>P</I> = 0.016). For N0 patients, there was no significant difference in 5YSR between SCx and ECx groups (68.7% vs. 73.6%, <I>P</I> = 0.173). Systemic recurrence was more common than locoregional recurrence (78.5% vs. 21.5%). Elevation of cancer antigen 19-9 level preoperatively and lymph node (LN) metastasis were significantly poor prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>ECx including wedge resection of GB bed should be recommended for T2 GB cancer. Because systemic recurrence was more common and recurrence occurred more frequently in patients with LN metastasis, postoperative adjuvant therapy should be considered especially for the patients with LN metastasis.</P>
Lee, Jun Haeng,Kim, Jae J,Hahm, Ki-Baik,Lee, Dong Ho,Kim, Nayoung,Kim, Sung Kook,Park, Jong Jae,Choi, Seok Reyol,Lee, Jong Hun,Lee, Soo Teik,Lee, Eun Hyun,Rhee, Jong Chul WJG Press 2006 World journal of gastroenterology Vol.12 No.17
<P>To compare ecabet sodium and cimetidine in relieving symptoms of functional dyspepsia.</P>