A comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of root canal sealers: an in vitro study

Gautam Pyarelal Badole,Manjusha Madhukar Warhadpande,Ganesh Kothiramji Meshram,Rakesh Namdeoraoji Bahadure,Shubha Gopal Tawani,Shital Gautam Badole 대한치과보존학회 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 cm2/mL between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time. Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 cm2/mL between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

A comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of root canal sealers: an in vitro study

Badole, Gautam Pyarelal,Warhadpande, Manjusha Madhukar,Meshram, Ganesh Kothiramji,Bahadure, Rakesh Namdeoraoji,Tawani, Shubha Gopal,Tawani, Gopal,Badole, Shital Gautam The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods: Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 $cm^2/mL$ between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results: Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions: Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

Relationship between Content Characteristics, Immersion, and Customer Purchase Intention in Live-streaming Commerce

Bir Bahadur TRIPURA(Bir Bahadur TRIPURA ),Jae-Hyeon KIM(Jae-Hyeon KIM),Sung Eui CHO(Sung Eui CHO) 국제융합경영학회 2023 융합경영연구 Vol.11 No.3

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between content characteristics and customer viewing and purchase intention in live-streaming commerce. Research design, data, and methodology: For this purpose, seven independent factors such as entertainment, artistry, storytelling, informativity, interactivity, reliability, and technicality are extracted based on previous literature. The viewing intention and purchase intention are adopted as dependent factors. The role of ‘immersion’ is investigated as a mediating factor between the independent and dependent factors. Results: The results showed that entertainment, artistry, technicality, and reliability significantly affected immersion, and immersion affected viewing intention and purchase intention. Immersion was found to play a mediating role between content characteristics and consumer viewing and purchase intention. Conclusions: The results indicate that the content characteristics not only attract customers but also affect their immersion, viewing intention, and purchase intention directly or indirectly in the live-streaming commerce sector.

Landslide Characteristics and Hazard Evaluation in Central Nepal Himalaya

( Prem Bahadur Thapa ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Various types of landslides are occurring in the central Nepal Himalaya due to variable topography, diverse geology and extreme events. Rainfall and earthquake play the vital role to cause the hill-slopes vulnerable to landslides and other mass wasting processes. Landslides are spatially distributed in steep slopes of river valleys, close proximity to thrust/fault or boundary between competent and incompetent geological units. Daylight conditions in dip-slopes are the main cause of landslides when excavations are made with inclined strata i.e. potential planes of weakness can be exposed. Landslides are frequently initiating as planar slides and that converted into debris slide to flow and usually moves in down-slope with high speed. Data modeling and field evidence showed that landslides in central Nepal are because of the interplay of various factors such as slope geometry, lithology, geological structures, rainfall or earthquake etc. and these factors are crucial for the hazard evaluation. Due to the large spatial variability of the mechanical, hydrological and geometrical parameters in different geo-environmental settings, the statistical modeling is used for landslide hazard modeling. The modeling result indicated that the slope gradient and bed-rock layering are statistically significant slope instability factors and are contributing to landslides. Generally a combination of human engineering activities and precipitation events are the principal triggering factors for the instability in mountain-slopes as the landslides are distributed in diverse engineering geological settings which are mainly prevailed in colluvial soils or in stratified rocks with contrasting competency.

Understanding Customer’s Diverse Attitude on Purchasing Products : Consumer Purchase Behavior Perspectives

Hikmat Bahadur Bhaat 한국디지털융합학회 2017 디지털경영연구 Vol.4 No.1

This study aims to explain the varieties of customer purchase behavior and give exploratory purchasing practices with emotion (feeling of pleasure and loyalty) and evaluation (making decision with appropriate information). However, study emphasize that customer shows diverse attitudes and interests while purchasing products. To address their different attitudes, study proposes a research model indicating customer’s behavioral intention. The empirical results of the research indicate that the customer perception of justified (moral) knowledge about products/services (Epistemic Value) is the most significant customer behavior in purchasing products followed by customer perception of being loyal to products (Customer Loyalty), customer perception of purchasing decision after evaluation (Cognitive Satisfaction), customer perception of product attachment (Affective Satisfaction), pleasure through shopping (Hedonic Value) and customer perception of making authentic decision for individual and for group as well (Utilitarian Value). The study suggested that by considering the customer’s expectation and belief from the products, service provider needre-systemize and upgrade their business policy. Study have contribution on the understanding of customer’s different behaviors and their emotional intention while purchasing products.

Non-Government Organization(NGOs) and the Quality of Education in Nepal

Hikmat Bahadur Bhaat,Yang Soo Yi,Chang Soo Kim,Kyung Won Park,Soo Gwan Doh 한국아시아학회 2015 아시아연구 Vol.18 No.3

This study explores the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in enhancing the quality of education in Nepal. NGOs are known to have considerable influence on the quality of education by encouraging communities to participate in the education system, improvising the education policy, bringing innovation to education, and enabling teachers to be responsible individuals. This study employs a qualitative and interpretative paradigm based on survey data. The respondents were asked to respond to topic-related questions in the questionnaire. According to its study results, NGOS enabled teachers through their capacity-building programs to facilitate the use of innovative teaching methods in the classroom. Education-related factors led stakeholders to realize the responsibility and systematization for advancing education standards. A low dropout rate and an increase in the school enrollment of female students were important contributions of NGOs to the enhancement of education quality in Nepal. NGOs improved the quality of education in terms of skilled teachers, the application of innovative teaching practices, progressive enrollment rates, well-managed school infrastructure systems, and creative learning methods.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting Nutrients Removal in Hybrid Constructed Wetland Treating Stormwater Runoff

Sher Bahadur Gurung,Franz Kevin F. Geronimo,최혜선,홍정선,김이형 한국습지학회 2018 한국습지학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Nutrients generated from various land uses lead to eutrophication during the influx of water, and it is necessary to apply the LID techniques to reduce nutrients from nonpoint sources in order to mitigate the occurrence of the algal bloom. This study was carried out to derive the design factors of hybrid artificial wetland (HCW) to increase the removal efficiency of nutrients. HCW system was constructed in the year 2010 for the treatment of rainfall runoffs from parking lots and roads composed of 100% impervious floors in the Cheonan campus of Kongju University. The average nutrients removal efficiency of TN and TP was 74% and 72%, respectively. Both TN and TP removal efficiencies were higher than those of free surface wetlands and subsurface flow wetlands due to activated physical and ecological mechanisms. The critical design parameters for the efficient nutrients removal in the artificial wetlands were the ratio of the surface area to the catchment area (SA/CA), land use, the rainfall runoff, and the rainfall intensity. The optimal carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was estimated at 5: 1 to 10.3: 1. The results of this study can be applied to the efficient design of hybrid artificial wetlands to treat nutrients in urban runoff with high efficiency.

Polydopamine Deposition Composites Depends on Concentration of dopamine

Lalit Bahadur Chand,송준희 한국기계기술학회 2017 한국기계기술학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.12

Influence of Hydrophobicity on the Chemical Treatments of Graphene

Krishna Bahadur Rai,Ishwor Bahadur Khadka,김은혜,안성준,김현우,안종렬 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.72 No.1

The defect-free transfer of graphene grown by using chemical vapor deposition is essential for its applications to electronic devices. For the reduction of inevitable chemical residues, such as polar molecules and ionized impurities resulting from the transfer process, a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film was coated on a SiO2/Si wafer. The hydrophobic PDMS film resulted in fewer defects in graphene in comparison to a bare SiO2/Si wafer, as measured with Raman spectroscopy. We also studied the influence of the hydrophobic PDMS film on the chemical doping of graphene. Here, nitric acid (HNO3) was used to make p-type graphene. When graphene was transferred onto a SiO2/Si wafer coated with the hydrophobic PDMS film, fewer defects, compared to those in graphene transferred onto a bare SiO2/Si wafer, were created in grapheme by HNO3 as measured with Raman spectroscopy. The experiments suggest that when graphene is transferred onto a hydrophobic film, the number of defects created by chemical molecules can be reduced.

Tamsulosin versus tadalafil as a medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones: A prospective randomized study

Hari Bahadur KC,Anil Shrestha,Ganesh Bhakta Acharya,Robin Bahadur Basnet,Arvind Kumar Shah,Parash Mani Shrestha 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.5

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin and tadalafil as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted at the Department of Urology of Bir Hospital over a period of 12 months in patients with distal ureteral stones sized 5 to 10 mm. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A received tamsulosin 0.4 mg and group B received tadalafil 10 mg at bedtime for 2 weeks. Stone expulsion rate, number of ureteric colic episodes and pain score, analgesic requirements, and adverse drug effects were noted in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed by using Student t-test and chi-square test. Results: Altogether 85 patients, 41 in group A and 44 in group B, were enrolled in the study. The patients' average age was 31.72±12.63 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. Demographic profiles, stone size, and baseline investigations were comparable between the 2 groups. The stone expulsion rate was significantly higher in the tadalafil group than in the tamsulosin group (84.1% vs. 61.0%, p=0.017). Although the occurrence of side effects was higher with tadalafil, this difference was not significant (p=0.099). There were no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: Tadalafil has a significantly higher stone expulsion rate than tamsulosin when used as a medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones sized 5–10 mm. Both drugs are safe, effective, and well tolerated with minor side effects.