‘천안함 침몰’ 사건의 보도 경향과 이데올로기적 의미

백선기(Seon-Gi Baek),이금아(Keum-Ah Lee) 부산울산경남언론학회 2011 지역과 커뮤니케이션 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 미디어 보도가 지니는 담론 형성과 그에 따른 이데올로기적 의미를 파악하고자 하였다. 미디어 보도는 수용자가 사회적 현실을 인식하는 데 중요한 역할을 하며, 특정 담론과 이데올로기적 의미를 생성한다. 이는 대부분의 수용자들이 미디어 보도를 통해 사안을 인식함을 의미한다. 특히 남북관계나 안보와 관련한 사안은 직접적으로 얻을 수 있는 정보의 양이 매우 적기 때문에, 수용자들은 미디어를 통한 간접적인 정보에 따라 사안을 인식하게 된다. 바로 이러한 점에서 남북관련 사안에 대한 미디어 보도는 중요한 역할과 기능을 수행한다. 이에 본 연구자들은 2010년 3월 발생한 ‘천안함’ 침몰 사건에 대한 우리 언론의 보도경향과 그에 따라 생성되는 담론 형성에 주목하였고, 그에 따른 이데올로기적 의미에 대해 숙고하였다. 분석대상으로 조선일보와 경향신문을 선정하였고, ‘천안함’ 침몰이 발생한 3월 26일부터 최종보고서가 발간된 9월 13일까지의 이들 신문들의 기사들을 수집하였다. 이들 기사들에 대해 백선기가 최근에 창안한 기호네트워크분석(Semiotic Network Analysis)과 담론구조분석(Discourse Structure Analysis)을 적용하였다. 연구결과, 각 언론사는 자사의 이념적 스펙트럼에 따라 우호적인 기호들을 사용하였고, 이들의 특정 네트워크를 구성하였음이 발견되었다. 그리고 이들 기호네트워크 구조들을 근간으로 각기 서로 다른 담론들이 생성되었음도 발견되었다. 이는 ‘천안함 침몰’ 사건에 대해 신문별로 서로 다른 성격의 사건으로 규정하였고, 서로 다른 해석과 해결 방안들을 제시하였음을 의미한다. 이로 인해 우리 사회는 천안함 침몰에 대해 전혀 다른 대립적 시각들이 존재하게 되었고, 이로 인해 사회는 이데올로기적으로 명료하게 분리되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate media coverage patterns on the sinking of “Cheonan warship” and their ideological implications. On March 26, 2010 the warship was sunk suddenly by unidentified causes so that 46 crew members should be dead. in Korean society, it happened to occur many discourses about this incident through media coverage. Various rumors and suspicious arguments about its causes and means were suggested without any kinds of clarifications. The most controversial issue was whether it was caused by sea-missile assaults of North Korean forces’ or not. The society was severely divided into two groups on the basis of belief or doubt on it. The authors were interested in why this kind of split could happen to occur in Korean society, how much such kind of social phenomenon would be connected to media coverage, and what it would imply in Korean society. In order to solve these interests as well as research questions, they collected news items of two high circulative newspapers from March 26, 2010 to September 13, 2010. As one newspaper was conservative and anti-North Korea oriented, the other was progressive and pro-North Korea oriented. Each of news items was analyzed with a Semiotic Network Analysis (SNA) and a Discursive Structure Analysis (DSA) which were recently created by Seon-Gi Baek. As results of this study, it was firstly found that each of media tended to select specific signs and narratives to define the incident from its basic ideology and North Korea policy. The conservative newspaper tended to define it as ‘incident of North Korean attack’ and ask for ‘official sorry of North Korean leaders’, while the progressive newpaper defined it ‘unfortune accident’ and ask for ‘South Korean governmental responsibility’. Secondly, the former described such dead crew members as ‘war heroes’ because it assumed that they would be dead in the middle of battle, as the latter represented them as just ‘victims’ because they would be dead by uncertain causes. Thirdly, the former produced many discourses about ‘critic against the North Korean leaders’, ‘revenge against the North Korea’, ‘counter attack against the North Korea’, ‘reinforcement for the national security’, etc. On the other hand, the latter took initiatives to suggest another discourses about ‘critic against irresponsibility of South Korean government’, ‘doubt against the final report on the incident’, ‘warning against the reinforcement of national security’, etc. In conclusion, it could be argued that such kind of dividence in Korean society would happened to occur by the dichotomous coverage pattern between the conservative media and the progressive ones.

미디어의 사회적 죽음에 대한 재현과 맥락적 의미 -고(故) 노무현 대통령 서거 TV 보도에 대한 기호네트워크 분석(Semiotic Network Analysis)-

백선기 ( Seon Gi Baek ),김강석 ( Kang Seok Kim ) 한국기호학회 2009 기호학연구 Vol.26 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns of media coverage on the death of former president Moo-Hyun Roh, and its social, political and ideological meanings in the context to Korean society. He had been a central figure who would turn the Korean society into very severe conflicts politically as well as ideologically. Nonetheless, after this death, the Korean society changed rapidly from the atmosphere of criticizing him into the climate for cherishing his great contribution. The authors raised three research questions; that is, `Were there any differences in covering his death among TV stations? If there were differences, what were they?`, `What were differences in types of representation and discourses among TV coverages?` and `What were ideological meanings in such kinds of different types of representation and discourse?`. In order to answer these research questions, they collected news items of three TV stations-that is, KBS 1-TV, MBC TV and SBS TV-from May 23, 2009 to June 10, 2009, and analyzed them through semiotic research methods, especially, Seon-Gi Baek`s `Semitoic Network Analysis(SNA)` and `Discoursive Structure Analysis(DSN)`. As a result of this study, first of all, it was found that there were differences in covering his death among three TV stations on the basis of its own ideological position and favor for or disfavor against him. Second, Korean TV media tended to pay attention to causes of his commit suicide as if it would be a normal incident of commit suicide in order to depoliticize it. Third, they tended not to focus various meanings of his death personally but to emphasize on political and ideological meanings of his death socially in the context to Korean society. In conclusion, the Korean media had a tendency of covering his death differently on the basis of its own political and ideological position: that is, the one tried to put more ideological and political meanings on his death, while the others were inclined to put more personal meanings on his death through de-politicizing meanings of his death.

온라인 인터렉티브 광고의 클릭과 판타지 생성

백선기(Seon Gi Baek),이구익(Goo Ik Lee) 한국광고홍보학회 2011 광고연구 Vol.0 No.91

본 연구는 온라인 인터렉티브 광고의 섹슈얼리티 제시와 그로 인한 성적 판타지 생성과의 상관성에 대해 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 온라인 인렉티브 광고는 기존의 평면적인 광고와 달리 다양한 단계를 전제로 한 점층적인 광고 형태이다. 특히 다양한 단계로의 진전은 온라인 이용자, 특히 소비자들의 ``클릭``이라는 접촉행위를 통해 가능해진다. 소비자들의 클릭이란 행위는 소비자들의 적극적인 참여를 기반으로 하며, 이를 통해 광고의 전체적 내용이 완성되는 양태이다. 그리고 소비자들의 클릭을 유도하기 위해 여성의 섹슈얼리티를 부각시키거나 강조하는 전략을 사용한다. 바로 이들 사이의 연계성에 대해 주목한 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지 Naver에 등장하는 다양한 온라인 인터렉티브 광고들을 수집하였다. 그 가운데 본 연구에서는 Naver의 첫 페이지에 등장하면서 화면전환이 빈번하게 발생하는 휴대폰 광고들에 주목하여 두 가지 광고를 선정하였다. 하나는 SKY Sexy Back휴대폰 광고와 팬택 시리우스 휴대폰 광고였다. 이들 광고의 첫 단계의 화면, 다음 단계의 화면, 최종 단계의 동영상 화면들을 추출하여, 각각의 언어와 영상화면에 대한 기호학적 분석방법들을 적용하여 분석하였다. 특히 바르트의 사진화면 분석방법, 윌리암슨의 광고기호학적 분석, 및 백선기의 기호의 2단계 의미분석 방법을 활용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 이들 온라인 인터렉티브 광고들이 여성의 섹슈얼리티를 다양하게 활용하여 소비자들의 성적 욕망이나 판타지를 생성하도록 소구되었음을 발견하였다. 둘째, 이러한 여성의 섹슈얼리티와 그로 인한 성적 욕망이나 판타지는 하나의 단계에서 종결되는 것이 아니라 보다 자극적이고 선정적인 단계로 이동하면서 전개되는 점층적 단계로 구성되었음을 밝혀냈다. 셋째, 이러한 성적 욕망과 판타지가 소비자들의 ``클릭``이라는 참여적 행위를 통해 더욱 더 구체화된다는 점도 발견하였다. 요컨대, 온라인 인터렉티브 광고는 여성의 섹슈얼리티를 중심으로 광고의 독특한 양태와 소비자의 성적욕망과 판타지가 접점을 이루고 있는 것이다. The purpose of this study was to investigate ways how the online interactive advertisements would create sexuality, how such sexuality could be matched with fantasies of online users` or consumers`, and what kinds of in-depth meanings should be implied. In the online interactive advertisements, there was a unique procedure which was actively involved by ``touches`` of online consumers`. This is the very moment for connecting sexuality of advertisements to individual desires or fantasies of online consumers`. On order to attain this investigation, the authors selected three mobile online interactive advertisements, especially advertising banners of the branding board at the front pages of Naver portal site. The advertisements had been shown at the fron pages of Naver site from Jan. 1, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2009. Each of advertisements were divided into different levels, that is, front page, second page and final page, and each of these contents were analyzed by various semotic research methods, especially Baek`s Semiotic Framed Analysis(SFA). Through this study, it was firstly found that the mobile online interactive advertisements could provoke sexual desires or fantasies of online consumers` by seducing personal touches on them. Secondly, it also found that level of sexuality in such advertisements would be more sensitive to match with higher level of sexual fantasies of online consumers`. Thirdly, it could be speculated that such online advertisements would be more increased to stimulate or seduce personal sexual desires or fantasies of online consumers`.

TV광고에 나타난 스포츠 스타의 여성성과 이데올로기: 김연아와 장미란 광고에 대한 기호학적 분석을 중심으로

백선기 ( Seon Gi Baek ),손돈 ( Don Son ) 한국기호학회 2012 기호학연구 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this study was to figure out how TV advertisements(ads) represented sexuality of female sports stars, what kinds of signs they used to represent it, and what kinds of meanings such signs tended to imply ideologically in Korean society. In Korea, two female sports stars became very famous and welcomed. The one was Yuna Kim, a gold medal holder in figure skating at 2010 Winter Olympic Game, who was skinny and pretty, while the other was Miran Jang, a gold medal holder in female weight lifting at 2008 Summer Olympic Game, who was strong and healthy. The authors were interested in why they were differently treated in the TV ads, what was main content of each of their TV ads, how much different they were, and what such different contents could imply in Korean society. In order to solve these research questions, they collected two ads of each of them at Korean TV stations, 2010, as main research objects. Those ads were divided into linguistic part and image one, and each of parts was analyzed by semiotic research methods, especially, A Signification Model of Signs(SMS) which was recently suggested by Baek. As a result of this study, it was firstly found that there were clear different signs in TV ads between two female stars. Yuna Kim`s ads tended to show ‘skinny body’, ‘pretty face’, ‘erotic movement’, ‘sexual posture’, ‘seduce position’, and ‘childish action’ as important signs, while Miran Jang`s ads usually tended to express ‘healthy body’, ‘solid muscle’, ‘poker face’, ‘repeated weight lifting movement’, ‘manly posture’, and ‘responsible action’ as important signs. Secondly, there were different points of representation between them. The former pointed out ‘femininity’, ‘sexuality’, ‘prettiness’, ‘voluptuous charms’ and ‘sexual stimulus’, as the latter tended to focus on ‘masculinity’, ‘endurance’, ‘fortitude’, ``exertion’ and ‘earnestness’. Thirdly, there were different significations between them through such points of representation at the in-depth level of meaning. Through the Yuna Kim`s ads, it was signified that such pretty and skinny female sport`s star was considered as a sexual iconic figure, a erotic object, a sexual desire and a stimulus of passion. On the other hand, through the Miran`s ads, it was signified that such fat and strong female sport`s star was treated as a sort of androgynous appeal, a heroic figure, a hard worker, and a mentor for young athletes. Through this study, it was concluded ideologically that female sports stars could be signified differently by their pretties, shapes of body and outward appearances in the Korean society, even though they achieved similar kinds of outcomes in the international sports games.

"촛불집회"에 대한 보도경향과 이데올로기 -백선기의 기호네트워크구조 분석(SNA)과 담론구조 분석(DSA) 적용을 중심으로

백선기 ( Seon Gi Baek ),백은정 ( Eun Jung Baeck ) 한국기호학회 2011 기호학연구 Vol.29 No.-

This study was conducted on the assumption that news coverage of media affects construction of reality of audiences, and examines the coverage patterns of news about ``2008 Candlelight Rally`` and its ideological meanings. The objects of research are news report articles from April 1st to August 31st of 2008 in Chosun ilbo and Hankyoreh Shinmun. Focusing on Baek`s Semiotic Network Analysis(SNA) and discourse analysis, the research was conducted with the news coverage patterns and SNA of news texts, and discourse structure. The results are as follows. Difference of phase 1 through SNA is the cause of movement which ``Chosun ilbo`` indicates ``MBC PD Diary`` unlike ``Hankyoreh Shinmun``. In phase 2, Chosun ilbo shows some elements of ``Changes of features of Candlelight Rally``, ``suspicion of secret syndicates of Rally``, and ``Seriousness on diffusion of false information in Internet media``. However, unlike Chosun ilbo, they criticized ``conservative press`` and ``government`` insisting about ``usefulness of internet media``, ``voluntary participation of attendees`` and ``suspicion of syndicates``. In phase 3, Chosun ilbo and Hankyoreh Shinmun criticized each other`s distorted news coverage in relation with controversial issue about intentional distortion of ``MBC PD Diary`` and ``oppressing movement of conservative newspaper advertiser``. In phase 4, there appeared some elements meaning ``termination of Candlelight Rally`` in Chosun ilbo. Meanwhile, elements related to ``continuation of Candlelight Movement`` appeared in Hankyoreh Shinmun, so both two papers showed semiotic signs about the inclination of their ideologies. For the result of discourse analysis, there was a big difference between two papers. From first phase to fourth, Chosun ilbo dealt about ``negative discourse of Candlelight Rally`` and ``pro-government discourse``, and ``pro-pro US policies discourse``, while Hankyoreh Shinmun showed opposite discourses such as ``positive discourse of Candlelight Rally``, ``anti-government discourse``, and ``Anti-pro US policies discourse``. Eventually, two newspapers showed that whenever newspaper companies produce news articles, they made those coincide with their ideological features, or build new meanings through the process connecting with other events. Finally, these two newspapers mentioned that when public opinions made news about the question pending, they proceed their news to unite their Ideological Meanings or they made new ideological meaning.

광탄성 실험법에 의한 크레인훅의 응력해석

백태현,김환,이선구 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

An experimental study for a crane hook was performed to investigate the stress distribution along a certain line where the maximum and minimum stresses to be developed. The crane hook was modeled into a 2-dimensional plate made of urethane rubber called 'Photoflex'. The materiel of Photoflex is very sensitive to a load and has low photoelastic fringe constant. The photoelastic techniques used in this experiment were the Tardy compensation method, the fringe thinning process and the 4-step phase shifting method. Experimental results by photoelasticity were compared with the stresses obtained from the simple curved beam theory and finite element analysis. All the results were close to each other.

흰쥐 심장혈관계통에서 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/△⁵-△⁴ isomerase의 분포에 관한 연구

오선희,오재민,백용아,박옥규,정연태 대한해부학회 1988 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

Role of ACE Gene Polymorphism on the Failure of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Maintenance Hemodialysis

백승훈,계영하,안선호 대한신장학회 2003 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.22 No.6

대통령 선거와 매스 미디어 : '미국대통령선거 매체전략'의 한국에의 적용가능성과 문제점을 중심으로 with an emphasis on possibility of applying mass media strategies of U.S, presidential election to Korean presidential election, and its problems

백선기 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1992 社會科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to consider mass media strategies and tactics in U.S. presidential election and check out possibility of applying those to Korean presidential eletions and its problems. Basically, mass media is one of the most important factors in U.S. presidential eletion. So, many candidates and political parties focus on how to use the mass media effectively. They have developed a lot of highly sophisticated skills of using mass media, especially television. But the author finds out that there are many differences in presidential election between two countries. First, political figures in U.S. are normally judged and estimated by their speech techniques and talking skills, whereas those in Korea are judged and estimated by the other factors: that is, brotherhoodness, same locality background, same school graduates, etc. Second, the influence of mass media in U.S. presidential election is much stronger than that in Korean presidential election. Third, Korean voters have less experience to judge political figures by their talking skills. Because of these reasons, it is very dangerous to attempt to apply such highly developed mass media skills of U.S. to Korean presidential election directly at this point. So, the author suggests the following things that should be done before doing it. First, the Korean has to develop societal environment which consider 'speech', 'talking' and `discussion' as important factors in judging political figures. Second, Korean mass media try to provide many programs for training voters to judge them by these factors. Third, the Korean political figures always keep in mind that their `honest' speech is the most important factors being a good politician.

양악 편측에 발생한 다발성 함치성 낭종의 치험례

김기백,김선미,양규효,최남기 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

Dentigerous cysts generally encompass the crown of an unerupted tooth. These cysts are usually solitary. They are the second most common odontogenic type of cysts following radicular cysts, and are frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molars or maxillary canines. Most multiple cysts found in the jaw are odontogenic keratocysts associated with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, mucopolysaccharidoses and cleidocranial dysplasia. Although a single dentigerous cyst is well documented in the medical literature, including the prevalence, treatment and prognosis, multiple dentigerous cysts without any systemic symptoms is unusual. Furthermore, cases involving both the maxilla and mandible are especially rare. We present the case of an 11-year-old boy with nonsyndromic multiple dentigerous cysts associated with a mandibular second premolar and a maxillary canine. The treatment was conservative and included marsupialization and eruption guidance. Further follow up is planned to rule out additional problems and the possible identification of a syndrome. 함치성 낭종은 일반적으로 미맹출 치아의 치관을 포함하고 있는 형태로, 치아 법랑질과 이장 상피 사이에 액체가 축적되어 생긴 잔존 법랑 상피조직의 퇴행성 변화로 부터 생긴다. 치근단 낭 다음으로 가장 흔한 치성 낭종으로, 주로 단독으로 발생하고 하악 제 3대구치와 상악 소구치에 호발한다. 악골의 다발성 낭종은 주로 기저세포 모반증후군과 관련된 치성 각화낭이 대부분이고, 점액다당류증 또는 쇄골두개 이형성증과도 관련이 있을 수 있다. 단발성의 함치성 낭종은 우리에게 친숙할 정도로 유병율에서 치료 및 예후까지 잘 알려져 있으나, 전신병력이 없는 다발성의 함치성 낭종은 드물며, 상악과 하악에 발생한 다발성 낭종은 특히 더 드물다. 본 증례는 편측성으로 양악에 함께 발생한 다발성의 함치성 낭종을 가진 11세 소년에 대한 치료 증례로 1년간의 관찰 후 양호할만한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 1년이라는 관찰 기간이 짧기 때문에 향후 지속적인 임상적, 방사선적 관찰을 필요로 하리라 사료된다.