Screen bag formulation of Beauveria andMetarhiziumgranules tomanage Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

이세진,김시현,Margaret Skinner,Bruce L. Parker,Jae Su Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

Most entomopathogenic fungal biopesticides have been produced in wettable powder and liquid concentrate formulations. Separation of fungal conidia from granular substrates to manufacture these formulations is costly and labor-intensive, which has hampered growth of the fungal biopesticide industry. Herein to overcome this challenge, we developed a novel screen bag formulation using mycotized granules produced from solid-substrate cultures of Beauveria bassiana JEF-007 and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-003. The isolates were solid-cultured on Italian millet grains and packed in screen bags (pore size: ~15 μm). The bags containing the mycotized granules were immersed in water and agitated to disperse the conidia, after which the number of conidia released into the water was determined. These results were compared to the number of conidia released after vortexing the granules in water as a control. Various surfactants were added to the water to assess their effect on conidial release. Silwet L-77 yielded the highest conidial release. The insecticidal activity against Riptortus pedestris nymphs of suspensions produced from the screen bag formulation and vortexed conidial suspensions was similar, demonstrating that our novel formulation could be a cost-effective replacement for standard WP and ES formulations. The screen bag formulation has several advantages over other standard fungal-based formulations, such as a shorter and lower-cost production process. This formulation technology could also be applied to other conidial-based biopesticides, such as fungal fungicides, herbicides, and fertilizers.

교정적 치아이동시 부갑상선홀몬이 긴장측 치주세포의 cAMP농도에 미치는 영향

Davidovitch, Z.,Lanese,R.R.,Schanfeld, J.L.,Zwilling, B.S.,이기수 대한치과교정학회 1986 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is known to exert its effects on bone cells through the mediation of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Orthodontic force have also been shown to alter the cAMP content of paradental cells, particularly the alveolar bone osteoblasts. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether a combined orthodontic treatment-PTH administration regimen would have an additive effect on cAMP content in paradental cells in sites of periodontal logament (PDL) tension. Seven groups of 4 one year old female cats each were treated for 1,3,6,12,24 h, 7 and 14 d by tipping one maxillary canine. PTH was administered twice daily, 30u/kg. Maxillary horizontal sections were stained immunohistochemically for cAMP and the degree of cellular staining intensity was determined microphotometrically as per cent light transmittance at 600nm. Alveolar bone osteoblasts, progenitor cells, PDL fibroblasts and cementoblasts in tenion sites were measured and the data were analyzed statistically by a mixed model analysis of variance. PTH administration increased the cAMP staining of nonorthodontically treated paradental ceels in comparison to ceels untreated by force or hormone. Cells in PDL tension sites of PTH-treated cats demonstrated significantly darker cAMP staining than cells in non-orthodonticaaly-treated sites. Osteoblasts demonstrated the greatest respons in terms of cAMP elevation, while in PDL fibroblasts orthodontic force did not increase cAMP levels above those measured in non-stretched hormonally-treated cells. These results demonstrate that PTH increases cAMP levels in paradental cells, particullarly in osteoblasts, and that tje effects of PTH and orthodontic forces on paradental target cells may approach additivity.

IARC Monographs: 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans

Pearce, Neil,Blair, Aaron,Vineis, Paolo,Ahrens, Wolfgang,Andersen, Aage,Anto, Josep M.,Armstrong, Bruce K.,Baccarelli, Andrea A.,Beland, Frederick A.,Berrington, Amy,Bertazzi, Pier Alberto,Birnbaum, L U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2015 Environmental health perspectives Vol.123 No.6

<P>Background: Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.</P><P>Objectives: The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.</P><P>Discussion: We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.</P><P>Conclusions: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public’s health.</P><P>Citation: Pearce N, Blair A, Vineis P, Ahrens W, Andersen A, Anto JM, Armstrong BK, Baccarelli AA, Beland FA, Berrington A, Bertazzi PA, Birnbaum LS, Brownson RC, Bucher JR, Cantor KP, Cardis E, Cherrie JW, Christiani DC, Cocco P, Coggon D, Comba P, Demers PA, Dement JM, Douwes J, Eisen EA, Engel LS, Fenske RA, Fleming LE, Fletcher T, Fontham E, Forastiere F, Frentzel-Beyme R, Fritschi L, Gerin M, Goldberg M, Grandjean P, Grimsrud TK, Gustavsson P, Haines A, Hartge P, Hansen J, Hauptmann M, Heederik D, Hemminki K, Hemon D, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hoppin JA, Huff J, Jarvholm B, Kang D, Karagas MR, Kjaerheim K, Kjuus H, Kogevinas M, Kriebel D, Kristensen P, Kromhout H, Laden F, Lebailly P, LeMasters G, Lubin JH, Lynch CF, Lynge E, ‘t Mannetje A, McMichael AJ, McLaughlin JR, Marrett L, Martuzzi M, Merchant JA, Merler E, Merletti F, Miller A, Mirer FE, Monson R, Nordby KC, Olshan AF, Parent ME, Perera FP, Perry MJ, Pesatori AC, Pirastu R, Porta M, Pukkala E, Rice C, Richardson DB, Ritter L, Ritz B, Ronckers CM, Rushton L, Rusiecki JA, Rusyn I, Samet JM, Sandler DP, de Sanjose S, Schernhammer E, Seniori Costantini A, Seixas N, Shy C, Siemiatycki J, Silverman DT, Simonato L, Smith AH, Smith MT, Spinelli JJ, Spitz MR, Stallones L, Stayner LT, Steenland K, Stenzel M, Stewart BW, Stewart PA, Symanski E, Terracini B, Tolbert PE, Vainio H, Vena J, Vermeulen R, Victora CG, Ward EM, Weinberg CR, Weisenburger D, Wesseling C, Weiderpass E, Zahm SH. 2015. IARC Monographs: 40 years of evaluating carcinogenic hazards to humans. Environ Health Perspect 123:507–514; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409149</P>

High Speed Civil Transport

Bruce L. Bunin 한국항공우주학회 2000 한국항공우주학회 단행본 Vol.- No.-

EFFECTS OF DIETARY SILICIC ACID AND CADMIUM ON SHORT-TERM MINERAL BALANCES IN SHEEP

Bruce, L.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4

Previous experiments have shown that aqueous sodium silicate ingested in drinking water may modify the gastrointestinal uptake and(or) tissue retention of certain trace elements, including heavy metals. The present experiment tested, with a mineral balance trial using sheep, the hypothesis that dietary silicic acid could modify uptake, retention and(or) biological effects of dietary Cd. Twenty-four wethers were fed a fibrous diet of ground alfalfa hay and cottonseed hulls to which either 0 or 150 ppm Cd was added as $CdCl_2$ and 0, .5 or 1% silicic acid (as dry matter of the diet). Body weight, feed intake, excretion of urine (volume) and feces (weight), digestibility of dry and organic matter, retention of nitrogen, and packed cell volumes of blood were not affected by either Cd or silicic acid (P<.10). Cadmium decreased (P<.05) Ca retention and increased (P<.01) Mg retention. Silicic acid decreased (P<.05) K retention. Silicic acid failed (P<.01) to modify the retention of added dietary Cd. Body retention of K, Mn and Ni in response to silicic acid varied with Cd levels. If Cd is interfering with mineral retention, silicic acid may be effective in preventing this interference.

Effect of Selenium on Cold Adapted Beef Cattle

Bruce, L.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.3

Cattle in Alaska seemed to be tolerant to low blood selenium (Se) although arctic winter energy demands might exacerbate oxidative damage to tissues lacking protection by Se. The thermogenic properities of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the long cold adaptation period for Alaskan cattle indicates that they might develop BAT. Eighteen mature beef cows with whole blood Se of< 19 ppb were used to examine possible relation-ships among Se deficiency, tissue lesions, and observable BAT. All cows were wintered on a diet low in Se and nine cows were given supplemental Se provided by intraruminal bolus. Blood Se was elevated (p < .05) from November through February by supplemental Se, but body weight and back fat thickness were unaffected (p < .10). Tissues were taken from two Se deficient cows, two cows supplemented with Se, and two cows given large doses of Se (300 mg by injection) four weeks before slaughter. Histopathological examination of 187 samples of fat (7 to 55 from each cow) showed no observable amount of BAT. Examination of other tissues showed no lesions attributable to Se deficiency.

Distribution of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), in overwintering sites

Bruce L. Parker,Masood Amir-Maafi,Margaret Skinner,김재수,Mustapha El Bouhssini 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.1

Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is the most serious pest of wheat in West and Central Asia. Following harvest, the pest migrates from wheat fields to high elevations to escape high summer temperatures and, the following spring, moves back to the fields. In this work, Sunn Pest populations were monitored in 21 overwintering sites located in seven provinces (with 800–2500 m elevation) in Iran. Litter samples were taken twice in each site, once in July–November 2002 and again in March 2003. At each site 60 Artemesia sp. bushes were selected at random and litter from each bush was collected and the number of live male and female adult Sunn Pest counted. More Sunn Pests were collected in higher elevations in the first sampling. Golestan (893 m), Kermanshah (1583 m), and Qazvin (1675 m), located in valleys and surrounded by mountainous areas, had b5 adults/bush. However Azarbayejan (1750 m), Markazi (1883 m),Kordestan (2067 m), and Esfahan (2141 m), located in mountainous areas and/or close to mountains, had 10–52 adults/bush. No noticeable changes in Sunn Pest populations were observed in 17 overwintering sites among 21 between the two sampling times. These results suggest that, after Sunn Pest moves to more highly elevated sites at aestivation time, most of them remain in these sites during overwintering before migration to wheat fields in the spring. Sunn Pest can be targeted for management in these areas during the fall and/or early spring as their movement is clearly limited.

말라리아 對策의 全部

Bruce-Chwatt, L.J. 藥業新聞社 1982 (月刊) 醫藥情報 Vol.1982 No.5

Parallel and Coordinated Teaching of Medicinal Chemistry and Integrated Pharmacology / Therapeutics and a Multi-disciplinary Case-based Workshop Sequence over Two Professional Years

Bruce L. Currie,Nancy E. Kawahara,Rebecca J. Gryka,Barry A. Bleidt,Avis J. Ericson 한국임상약학회 2004 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.1

미디어통합의 현황

BRUCE L,EGAN 한국지역사회연구소 1998 지역사회 Vol.28 No.-