Decreasing Return to Scale in Cottage Industries: Empirical Evidence from the Coconut Sugar Industry in Banyumas, Indonesia

BADRIAH, Lilis Siti,ARINTOKO, Arintoko,RAHAJUNI, Dijan Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.7

This study aims to analyze the economies of scale of the cottage industry for coconut sugar production in Banyumas, Indonesia. This study applies a survey method to coconut sugar craftsmen. Data analysis was performed by regression analysis based on the Cobb-Douglas production function approach. The findings indicated that decreasing returns to scale was a problem for the domestic production of coconut sugar. These findings show that the production of coconut sugar is not very productive. Labor and financial capital inputs have a significant positive share but the resulting increase in output is less proportional than the increase in the two inputs. Social capital, experience, and education do not affect industrial performance. To increase input productivity and production efficiency, it is necessary to apply more effective production techniques and technologies to produce quality products so that the selling price can be higher. Additionally, it is required to enhance the sap's quality through its extraction methods and the regrowth of high-yielding coconut tree varieties. From the institutional aspect, the development of this industry requires stronger partnerships with related parties such as local governments, exporting companies, cooperatives, and universities through research and development.

Molecular detection and characterization of Acanthamoeba infection in dogs and its association with keratitis in Korea

이수빈,Badriah Alkathiri,정지승,강난영,Jiyi Hwang,박상은,홍연철,박경미,이승헌 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2024 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.62 No.1

Acanthamoeba infection is associated with keratitis in humans; however, its associationwith keratitis in dogs remains unclear. To investigate this possibility, we collected 171conjunctival swab samples from dogs with eye-related diseases (65 with keratitis and106 without keratitis) at Chungbuk National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Korea, from August 2021 to September 2022. Polymerase chain reaction identified 9 samples (5.3%) as Acanthamoeba positive; of these, 3 were from dogs with keratitis (4.6%)and 6 were from dogs without keratitis (5.7%). Our results indicated no significant association between Acanthamoeba infection and keratitis, season, sex, or age. All Acanthamoeba organisms found in this study had the genotype T4, according to 18S ribosomal RNA analysis. Acanthamoeba infection in dogs might have only a limited association with keratitis.

Review of ticks (families: Ixodidae and Argasidae) in the Republic of Korea

이승헌,Badriah Alkathiri 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2022 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.23 No.4

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens are among the main sources of interest in veterinary medicine and public health. This review aimed to cover published data on tick species and their geographical distribution in Korea. Over 143 articles regarding ticks were published between 1966 and 2022, and reporting at least 29 species belonging to the family Ixodidae and five belonging to the family Argasidae. Among these, Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis were the main genera distributed nationwide, whereas Amblyomma was mostly identified in the southern region. Conversely, only a limited number of Argasidae ticks were present, including the genera Argas and Ornithodoros. Considering the changes in tick distribution patterns due to global warming, continuous nationwide monitoring of ticks is re-quired.

Alteration of goat kids’ gut microbiota by Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Subin Lee,Badriah Alkathiri,Ah-Young Kim,Kyung-Hyo Do,Kwangwon Seo,Soochong Kim,Wan-Kyu Lee,Dongmi Kwak,Seung-Hun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2024 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.25 No.2

Enhancing E-commerce Security: A Comprehensive Approach to Real-Time Fraud Detection

Sara Alqethami,Badriah Almutanni,Walla Aleidarousr International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2024 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.24 No.4

In the era of big data, the growth of e-commerce transactions brings forth both opportunities and risks, including the threat of data theft and fraud. To address these challenges, an automated real-time fraud detection system leveraging machine learning was developed. Four algorithms (Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, XGBoost, and Neural Network) underwent comparison using a dataset from a clothing website that encompassed both legitimate and fraudulent transactions. The dataset exhibited an imbalance, with 9.3% representing fraud and 90.07% legitimate transactions. Performance evaluation metrics, including Recall, Precision, F1 Score, and AUC ROC, were employed to assess the effectiveness of each algorithm. XGBoost emerged as the top-performing model, achieving an impressive accuracy score of 95.85%. The proposed system proves to be a robust defense mechanism against fraudulent activities in e-commerce, thereby enhancing security and instilling trust in online transactions.

Fraud Detection in E-Commerce

Alqethami, Sara,Almutanni, Badriah,AlGhamdi, Manal International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.6

Fraud in e-commerce transaction increased in the last decade especially with the increasing number of online stores and the lockdown that forced more people to pay for services and groceries online using their credit card. Several machine learning methods were proposed to detect fraudulent transaction. Neural networks showed promising results, but it has some few drawbacks that can be overcome using optimization methods. There are two categories of learning optimization methods, first-order methods which utilizes gradient information to construct the next training iteration whereas, and second-order methods which derivatives use Hessian to calculate the iteration based on the optimization trajectory. There also some training refinements procedures that aims to potentially enhance the original accuracy while possibly reduce the model size. This paper investigate the performance of several NN models in detecting fraud in e-commerce transaction. The backpropagation model which is classified as first learning algorithm achieved the best accuracy 96% among all the models.

Fraud Detection in E-Commerce

Alqethami, Sara,Almutanni, Badriah,AlGhamdi, Manal International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.6

Lack of knowledge and digital skills is a threat to the information security of the state and society, so the formation and development of organizational culture of information security is extremely important to manage this threat. The purpose of the article is to assess the state of information security of the state and society. The research methodology is based on a quantitative statistical analysis of the information security culture according to the EU-27 2019. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of defense motivation (PMT), which involves predicting the individual negative consequences of certain events and the desire to minimize them, which determines the motive for protection. The results show the passive behavior of EU citizens in ensuring information security, which is confirmed by the low level of participation in trainings for the development of digital skills and mastery of basic or above basic overall digital skills 56% of the EU population with a deviation of 16%. High risks to information security in the context of damage to information assets, including software and databases, have been identified. Passive behavior of the population also involves the use of standard identification procedures when using the Internet (login, password, SMS). At the same time, 69% of EU citizens are aware of methods of tracking Internet activity and access control capabilities (denial of permission to use personal data, access to geographical location, profile or content on social networking sites or shared online storage, site security checks). Phishing and illegal acquisition of personal data are the biggest threats to EU citizens. It have been identified problems related to information security: restrictions on the purchase of products, Internet banking, provision of personal information, communication, etc. The practical value of this research is the possibility of applying the results in the development of programs of education, training and public awareness of security issues.

Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021

Lee, Subin,Alkathiri, Badriah,Kwak, Dongmi,Lee, Sang-Myeong,Lee, Wan-Kyu,Byun, Jae-Won,Lee, Seung-Hun The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Me 2022 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.60 No.3

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnamdo, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

Poster Session : PS 0418 ; Infectious Disease ; Effects of Panax Ginseng Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Induced Oxidative Stress in Female BALB/c Mice

( Prof Dr Ebtesam Al Olayan ),( Badriah Alkathiri ),( Manal El Khadragy ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania parasites. (CL)is endemic in 88 different developing countries. There are an estimated 1.5 million new cases each year.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ginseng in inhibiting a potent oxidative stress which induces cellular damage. Materials and Methods: In this study, BALB/c mice infected with (CL) were treated with the most effective dose of Ginseng in vitro and in vivo against (CL) of L. major and it was demonstrated effi cacy in the mouse model via the subcutenous route. Results: Ginseng has a better effect on reduction of size of lesion compared to control. In this study, the possible protective role of Ginseng ( 800 ug /ml ) on the free radical damage in serum of the liver and kidney caused by (CL) which produced severe injury, as demonstrated by dramatic elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and typical histopathological changes including necrosis and apoptosis. In addition, (CL) caused oxidative stress in Mice, as evidenced by a remarkable reduction in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, simultaneous subcutenous treatment with Ginseng signifi cantly attenuated (CL) -induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. It ameliorated most biochemical markers tested as well as histopathological, apoptosis and necrosis features. It is therefore suggested that Ginseng can provide a defi nite protective effect against chronic injury caused by (CL) in BALB/c mice, which may mainly be associated with its antioxidative effect. Conclusions: We suggested that Ginseng was able to elevate the antioxidant defense system, clean up free radicals, lessen oxidative damages and protect the liver and the kidney against (CL),thus having a potential protective effect. The results suggest that Ginseng might be a promising approach for developing new anti-Leishmanial drugs.

Adherence to Capecitabine Treatment and Contributing Factors among Cancer Patients in Malaysia

Zahrina, Abdul Kadir,Norsa'adah, Bachok,Hassan, Norul Badriah,Norazwany, Yaacob,Norhayati, Md Isa,Roslan, Mohd Haron,Wan Nazuha, Wan Rusik Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21

Ensuring adherence to chemotherapy is important to prevent disease progression, prolong survival and sustain good quality of life. Capecitabine is a complex chemotherapeutic agent with many side effects that might affect patient adherence to treatment. This cross sectional study aimed to determine adherence to capecitabine and its contributing factors among cancer outpatients in Malaysia. One hundred and thirteen patients on single regime capecitabine were recruited from Hospital Sultan Ismail and Hospital Kuala Lumpur from October 2013 to March 2014. Adherence was determined based on adherence score using validated Medication Compliance Questionnaire. Patient socio-demographics, disease, and treatment characteristics were obtained from medical records. Satisfaction score was measured using the validated Patient Satisfaction with Healthcare questionnaire. The mean adherence score was 96.1% (standard deviation: 3.29%). The significant contributing factors of adherence to capecitabine were Malay ethnicity [${\beta}=1.3$; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21, 2.43; p value=0.020], being female [${\beta}=1.8$; 95%CI: 0.61, 2.99; p value=0.003]), satisfaction score [${\beta}=0.08$; 95%CI: 0.06, 1.46; p value=0.035], presence of nausea or vomiting [${\beta}=2.3$; 95%CI: 1.12, 3.48; p value <0.001] and other side effects [${\beta}=1.45$; 95%CI: 0.24, 2.65; p value=0.019]. Adherence to capecitabine was generally high in our local population. Attention should be given to non-Malay males and patients having nausea, vomiting or other side effects. Sufficient information, proactive assessment and appropriate management of side effects would improve patient satisfaction and thus create motivation to adhere to treatment plans.