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Araoka, Toshikazu,Abe, Hideharu,Tominaga, Tatsuya,Mima, Akira,Matsubara, Takeshi,Murakami, Taichi,Kishi, Seiji,Nagai, Kojiro,Doi, Toshio Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.30 No.3
Smad1 has previously been shown to play a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), by increasing synthesis of extracellular matrix. However, the regulatory mechanism of Smad1 in DN is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate molecular interactions between activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)/Smad1 signaling pathway and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) in the progression of DN in vitro and in vivo. The expressions of TCF7L2 and ALK1 were induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in parallel with Smad1, phosphorylated Smad1 (pSmad1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA) through TGF-${\beta}$1 in cultured mesangial cells. Constitutively active ALK1 increased pSmad1 and ${\alpha}$-SMA expressions. The binding of TCF7L2 to ALK1 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, TCF7L2 induced promoter activity of ALK1. AGEs and TGF-${\beta}$1 induced a marked increase in TCF7L2 expression in parallel with ALK1. Overexpression of TCF7L2 increased the expressions of ALK1 and Smad1. Inversely, TCF7L2 knockdown by siRNA suppressed ${\alpha}$-SMA expression as well as ALK1 and Smad1. The iNOS transgenic mice (iNOS-Tgm), which developed diabetic glomerulosclerosis resembling human diabetic nephropathy, exhibited markedly increased expressions of ALK1, TCF7L2, Smad1, pSmad1, and ${\alpha}$-SMA in glomeruli in association with mesangial matrix expansion. These results provide a new evidence that the TCF7L2/ALK1/Smad1 pathway plays a key role in the development of DN.
Toshikazu Araoka,Hideharu Abe,Tatsuya Tominaga,Akira Mima,Takeshi Matsubara,Taichi Murakami,Seiji Kishi,Kojiro Nagai,Toshio Doi 한국분자세포생물학회 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.30 No.3
Smad1 has previously been shown to play a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), by increasing synthesis of extracellular matrix. However, the regulatory mechanism of Smad1 in DN is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate molecular interactions between activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)/Smad1 signaling pathway and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) in the progression of DN in vitro and in vivo. The expressions of TCF7L2and ALK1 were induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in parallel with Smad1, phosphorylated Smad1 (pSmad1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)through TGF-β1 in cultured mesangial cells. Constitutively active ALK1 increased pSmad1 and α-SMA expressions. The binding of TCF7L2 to ALK1 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore,TCF7L2 induced promoter activity of ALK1. AGEs and TGF-β1 induced a marked increase in TCF7L2 expression in parallel with ALK1. Overexpression of TCF7L2 increased the expressions of ALK1 and Smad1. Inversely, TCF7L2knockdown by siRNA suppressed α-SMA expression as well as ALK1 and Smad1. The iNOS transgenic mice (iNOS-Tgm), which developed diabetic glomerulosclerosis resembling human diabetic nephropathy, exhibited markedly increased expressions of ALK1, TCF7L2, Smad1,pSmad1, and α-SMA in glomeruli in association with mesangial matrix expansion. These results provide a new evidence that the TCF7L2/ALK1/Smad1 pathway plays a key role in the development of DN.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Orthorhombic Ti₂AlNb-Based Intermetallic Alloy
Hagiwara, M.,Emura, S.,Araoka, A.,Kong, B.O.,Tang, F. 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.3
Attempts were made to improve the mechanical properties of an orthorhombic Ti₂AlNb-based Ti-22Al-27Nb intermetallic alloy through microstructural and compositional modifications, and the dispersion of fine TiB particulates. A Ti-22Al-27Nb alloy with a prior B2 grain size ranging from 8 mm to 49 ㎛ was successfully obtained using spherical α₂particles as obstacles to grain growth. The finest grained material showed an excellent combination of room temperature tensile strength (around 1,000 MPa) and tensile ductility (more than 15 %). Transition metal elements such as Mo, V and W for a portion of the Nb in the Ti-22Al-27Nb were substituted. The guideline for this compositional modification required that the beta phase stability in the modified alloy be equal to that of the Ti-22Al-27Nb. It was found that the substitution of 2 % W for 7 % Nb was quite effective in increasing tensile strength at temperatures above 923 K and reducing the steady state creep rate and primary creep strain. The Ti-22Al-27Nb alloy-based particulate composites reinforced with 6.5 % TiB were successfully produced with the gas atomization P/M method. The dispersion of extremely small TiB was very uniform. Most of the mechanical properties of the composites, including the yield stress, tensile strength, Young's modulus, resistance to creep, and high cycle fatigue strength were greatly superior to those of the matrix alloy.
Kim, Kibeom,Kim, Hanim,Jo, Seong-Yong,Araoka, Fumito,Yoon, Dong Ki,Choi, Suk-Won American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.40
<P>We prepared a nonchiral mixture of achiral bent-core molecules and photoresponsive rodlike liquid crystalline (LC) molecules. With the help of the isothermal photochemical nematic (N)-isotropic (Iso) phase transition of the photoresponsive rodlike LC molecules, the corresponding phase transition from a dark conglomerate BX phase to another distinguishable dark conglomerate B4 phase took place in the mixture. A large circular dichroism (CD) signal originating from supramolecular chirality was detected in the initial BX phase. On the other hand, the detected CD signal was decreased in the B4 phase after UV irradiation. Interestingly, the decreased CD signal could be reverted to the initial CD signal with visible irradiation. This chiroptical process revealed in this work was stable and reversible and thus opens up the possibility of practical applications such as rewritable optical storage.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2015/aamick.2015.7.issue-40/acsami.5b07543/production/images/medium/am-2015-07543q_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5b07543'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Choi, Hyunhee,Kim, Junghee,Nishimura, Suzushi,Toyooka, Takehiro,Araoka, Fumito,Ishikawa, Ken,Wu, Jeong Weon,Takezoe, Hideo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.24
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Multiple polymer cholesteric liquid crystal (PCLC) layers with different pitches and a sandwich structure of nematic liquid crystal by these PCLC films are presented. The former serves as broadband-distributed Bragg reflectors and the latter as multiple-band electrotunable filters. Using the latter dye-doped hybrid film red–green–blue simultaneous lasing due to Fabry–Perot cavity modes is achieved (see figure). <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-24-ADMA200904110-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-24-ADMA200904110-content'> </P>
Perfluoropolymer Surface for Shock-free Homeotropic Alignment of Smectic Liquid Crystals
Jeong, Soon Moon,Kim, Jin Ki,Shimbo, Yoshio,Araoka, Fumito,Dhara, Surajit,Ha, Na Young,Ishikawa, Ken,Takezoe, Hideo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.1
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Perfect homeotropic alignment of smectic liquid crystals is demonstrated using an amorphous perfluoropolymer as an alignment layer (see figure). The hydrophobic surface of the perfluoropolymer allows rapid recovery to the homeotropic orientation from the damaged layer structure caused by mechanical shock— for example pressing with tweezers— or crystallization. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2010-22-1-ADMA200901777-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2010-22-1-ADMA200901777-content'> </P>
Polymer Stabilization of Liquid-Crystal Blue Phase II toward Photonic Crystals
Jo, Seong-Yong,Jeon, Sung-Wook,Kim, Byeong-Cheon,Bae, Jae-Hyun,Araoka, Fumito,Choi, Suk-Won American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.10
<P>The temperature ranges where a pure simple-cubic blue phase (BPII) emerges are quite narrow compared to the body-centered-cubic BP (BPI) such that the polymer stabilization of BPII is much more difficult. Hence, a polymer-stabilized BPII possessing a wide temperature range has been scarcely reported. Here, we fabricate a polymer-stabilized BPII over a temperature range of 50 degrees C including room temperature. The fabricated polymer-stabilized BPII is confirmed via polarized optical microscopy, Bragg reflection, and Kossel diagram observations. Furthermore, we demonstrate reflective BP liquid-crystal devices utilizing the reflectance voltage performance as a potential application of the polymer-stabilized BPII. Our work demonstrates the possibility of practical application of the polymer stabilized BPII to photonic crystals.</P>
Jeong, Hyeon Su,Tanaka, Shingo,Yoon, Dong Ki,Choi, Suk-Won,Kim, Yun Ho,Kawauchi, Susumu,Araoka, Fumito,Takezoe, Hideo,Jung, Hee-Tae American Chemical Society 2009 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.131 No.41
<P>The discovery of spontaneously induced chirality and enantiomeric separation in liquid crystal and soft crystal systems composed of achiral rod-shaped 4-arylbenzoate esters is described. Negligibly small circular dichroism (CD) signals are produced in the smectic A (SmA) phases of these substances, and the signals were found to increase with increasing smectic order. Since the advent of chirality occurs in freely suspended films, it is not a consequence of surface effects. Both positive and negative CD signals are observed with equal probability at different positions in these films. Vibrational CD spectroscopy and theoretical calculations are used to analyze the conformational changes that are associated with the induced chirality of the rod-shaped molecules. The results show that the phenomenon is caused by the twisting of biphenyl bond associated with the ester moiety in 4-arylbenzoate esters.</P>