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Optimal Speed Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Anil Kumar Yadav,Prerna Gaur,Shyama Kant Jha,J. R. P. Gupta,A. P. Mittal 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4
The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.
Optimal Speed Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Yadav, Anil Kumar,Gaur, Prerna,Jha, Shyama Kant,Gupta, J.R.P.,Mittal, A.P. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4
The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.
Residual gall bladder: An emerging disease after safe cholecystectomy
Vikas Gupta,Anil Kumar Sharma,Pradeep Kumar,Mantavya Gupta,Ajay Gulati,Saroj Kant Sinha,Rakesh Kochhar 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.4
Backgrounds/Aims: Residual gallbladder mucosa left after subtotal/partial cholecystectomy is prone to develop recurrent lithiasis and become symptomatic, which mandates surgical removal. Methods: we retrospectively evaluated the patients with residual gallbladder referred to us from January 2011 to December 2017. Based on MRCP we classified calot’s anatomy to – type I where cystic duct was seen and type II where sessile GB stump was seen. Results: 21 patients with median age 38 years and M:F::1:9.5, had undergone cholecystectomy (3 months-20 years) prior, presented with recurrent biliary pain. 3 had jaundice (CBD stone, Mirizzi and biliary stricture), 1 had pancreatitis and one had malignancy of the GB. Imaging revealed type I anatomy in 14 (67%) and type II in 7 (33%). All underwent completion cholecystectomy – open in 18 and laparoscopic in 3 (one converted to open). Additional procedure was required in 5 patients – CBD exploration in 2 (10%) and one each Hepatico-jejunostomy, extended cholecystectomy and splenectomy. Median hospital stay was 1 day. There was no mortality and 10% morbidity. One patient with malignancy died at 2 years, two died of unrelated cause, one developed incisional hernia and the remaining were well at a median follow up of 29 months. Conclusions: Residual GB lithiasis should be suspected if there are recurrent symptoms after cholecystectomy. MRCP based proposed classification can guide the management strategy. Completion cholecystectomy is curative.
An Overview on Taxol Production Technology and Its Applications as Anticancer Agent
Aparajita Sharma,BHATIA SHASHI KANT,Aditya Banyal,Ishita Chanana,Anil Kumar,Duni Chand,Saurabh Kulshrestha,Pradeep Kumar 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.5
Cancer is undeniably a major health risk factor that is growing rapidly globally despite promising medicinal and pharmaceutical development. Treatment of cancer remains an issue due to financial constrains in most of the developing countries. The majority of todayʼs medicines are derived from medicinal plants, as we all know. Taxol is such a plant-based chemotherapeutic agent which has blown the anticancer research field. The extinction of Taxus spp., which is the main natural source of taxol synthesis, required the development of novel alternative approaches in the oncology field. Many novel discoveries have been in trend in which endophytic microbial fermentation process is more focused as this area is cost-efficacious, less time consumable, and eco-friendly. Endophytes are one of another alternative approach for the taxol production, preserving the natural resources of Taxus plants worldwide. Endophytic microorganisms can be exploited in the taxol industry because most of the endophytic microbes have yet to be explored for the eco-friendly and economical production of this wonder drug. The aim of this review article is to cover everything from the discovery of taxol through the development of new natural resource-based biotechnology techniques. Furthermore, the current review has emphasised the use of taxol in fields other than anti-cancer properties, as well as pointing to some future opportunities.
Sensory attributes and consumer appreciation of fresh apricots with white seed coats
Avilekh Naryal,Stanzin Angmo,Phunchok Angmo,Anil Kant,O. P. Chaurasia,Tsering Stobdan 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.4
Forty-seven apricot genotypes with white and brown seed coats were analyzed by both sensory and instrumental methods. The overall appreciation of apricots was mainly aff ected by attributes such as aroma, sweetness, juiciness, fl esh color, stone color, and fruit shape and size. In terms of these attributes, fruits with white seed coats ranked fi rst, scoring the highest hedonic score for overall appreciation (8.0 ± 0.2). They also had the highest total soluble solid (TSS) (27.5 ± 3.6°Brix), reducing sugar (17.5 ± 1.9%), and total sugar (20.3 ± 1.9%) values, while the moisture content (68.9 ± 8.3%) was the lowest among the analyzed genotypes. Consumers were attracted to the unique white seed coat phenotype. Relationships between data obtained by the sensory panel and instrumental methods were established. Overall appreciation showed positive signifi cant relation with TSS (R 2 = 0.177, p ≤ 0.01), TSS/total acid (R 2 = 0.118, p ≤ 0.05), reducing sugar (R 2 = 0.140, p ≤ 0.01), total sugar (R 2 = 0.177, p ≤ 0.01), and fruit weight (R 2 = 0.230, p ≤ 0.001). Statistically signifi cant negative relation was observed between overall appreciation and fruit moisture content (R 2 = 0.168, p ≤ 0.01). The study demonstrated that white seed coat phenotype can be considered a marker for high-quality apricots in terms of aroma, sweetness, juiciness, and overall appreciation.