運動時의 열량소비에 關한 文獻的 考察

위승두,이진영,조영기 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1995 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This paper aims to examine, centering on documents, whether energy metabolism is the dominated factor which has influence on physical strength and record improvement of individuals who enjoy leisure and sports, or professional athletes, or not. The study on energy intake in the aspect of nutrition and sitology has been made a lot, and most people have been concerned with energy intake more than energy consumption, but the study of the mechanism and intake amount of energy in aspect of motion physiology remains to be done. To meet this problem, with the purpose of cultivating superior athlete through the good understanding mechanism of energy consuming metabolism and the scientific nutrition control and physical strength training, this study proposes the following: 1) Having a meal just before athletic has nothing to do with the improvement of motion performing capacity; eating habit in daytime while training has much influence on the accumulation and recovery of energy: the final meal before sports should be taken at least 3 hours before ; balanced eating habit has effect on the maximization of function of performing motion 2) The dissolution of protein while training plays a role as energy source of supplying ATP for diminishing muscle and in case of eating high protein food, quite a little of all the protein is used as an energy source; the rest of it is not accumulated. 3) one of chief factor of causing muscle during intense exercise, which makes it impossible to produce ATP, and cause muscle fatigue.

검도선수와 일반학생의 점진적 최대운동시 호흡순환기능 비교

위승두,이진영,이광호 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1999 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

7 Kum-do athletes and 9 normal students in measured and analyzed in order to function of respiratory circulation on increased maximal exercise test. The results are as the follows ; 1. Heart Rate(HR) From Rest to End of exercise, increased HR without difference, but exercise 3 min condition the normal students group showed lowest by with significant difference(p<5) 2. Oxygen Uptake(VO2) From Rest to End of exercise, increased VO2 without difference, but exercise 13 min condition showed by with significant difference(p<5). 3. Ventilation(VE) From Rest to End of exeraisr, inereased VE without difference , but exercise 13 min condition showed by with significant difference(p<5). 4. Respiratory Rate(RR) From Rest to End of exercise, increased RR without difference, but between exercise 1 min and 3 min condition showed by with no difference. 5. Respiratory Exchange Ratio(R) From Rest to End of exercise, normal students group highest, but showed by with no significant difference. 6. Endurance Time of Exercise Test From Rest to Maximal exercise test, normal students group highest in Endurance Time of Exercise Test, between Kum-do athletes group(p<05).

고온에서의 운동중 신체적응능력과 운동처방에 관한 연구

위승두,이진영,조영기 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1997 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This study aims to examine, centering on documents, the mechanisms by which exercisers gain and lose heat, the physiological consequences of exercising in the heat, acclimatization strategies, and exercise prescriptions for general people. The studies on exercise in hot have been made a lot and these studies are based upon exercise testing within favorable environmental conditions. But exercise training often occur within environments that are much warmer and more humid than the test conditions. The consequence of exercising in hot and humid conditions includes an exaggeration of the heart rate response compared to responses within more favorable conditions. Moreover, exposure of unacclimatized individuals to adversely hot conditions predisposes them to heat-related illness. To minimize the impact of exercise within hot conditions, exercise professionals should instruct the exercisers by utilizing the following guidelines during exercise in the heat. 1. Start slow. Allow sufficient time for heat acclimatization to take place. 2. Exercise in the early morning to minimize the impact of solar radiation on the heat load. 3. Exercisers must drink water frequently during exercise. 4. Don't endure thirst. 5. Do not take salt or potassium tablets.

敎室授業 改善을 위한 授業時間 活用의 方略

陳渭敎,金鎭奎 慶北大學校 師範大學 1986 敎育硏究誌 Vol.28 No.-

The purposes of the present investigation were: (1) to testify the basic assumption that instructional time variables take an important part in classroom instruction from many instructional models regarding time as an instructional variable; (2) to analyze related researches on allocated time in classroom instruction; and (3) to review other researches on time-on-task in classroom instruction. In many instructional models, such as Carroll (1963), Bloom (1968, 1976), Wiley & Harnischfeger (1974, 1976, 1978), Cooley & Lohnes (1976), Bennett (1978), Leihardt (1980), Fisher, et al. (1980), Centra & Potter (1980), Cooley & Leinhardt (1980), and Walberg (1981, 1984), we found that they regarded time as an instructional process variables or a tool of instructional evaluation. We examined that allocated time a relatively fixed or stable variable, but the variability in allocated time was very large for all studies. We also found that the amount of time allocated by teachers to instruction in a particular content area was positively connected with achievement in that content area. Studies of time-on-task showed that the percentage of time engaged was highly related to achevement, and that time-on-task could be altered positively (or negatively) by the instructional process Therefore, the conclusion is that time-on-task could be used as a useful variable for learning. We are concluding that this paper is presented especially for researcher, school administrators, and teachers with a few comments about implications of the instructional time variable. First, researchers should develop the optimal models for the instructional time management and the reliable instruments for the systematic observation and measurement on instructional time. Second, school administrators should establish and implement the efficient instructional time management at a school unit. Third, classroom teachers should recognize the importance of instructional time management process, and improve quality of their instrction by their own observation, analysis, and feedback about their instructional time.

3차 병원의 병동에서 시행된 심폐소생술의 분석

류진호,정경운,위준선,문정미,전병조,문원식,김용권,소정일,허탁,민용일 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) is a very effective therapy in cardiac arrest, it is hard to prove the true effectiveness of CPR. Several studies about out-of-hospital and emergency department CPR exist, but only a few reports about in-hospital CPR are available. This study was designed to investigate in-hospital cardiac arrest, to analyze the result of CPR, and to evaluate the problems associated with in-hospital CPR. Methods: A clinical analysis of 71 cases of in-hospital CPR announcement from January 2000 to August 2000 was performed. The initial rhythm on cardiac arrest, return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), and the survivals were analyzed in the case of the 46 true cardiac arrest patients. Results: During 8 months, there were 71 cases of in-hospital CPR announcement. Among them, there were 46 cases of true cardiac arrest and 25 cases of non-cardiac arrest. Of the 46 true cardiac-arrest cases, 27(58.7%) experienced ROSC, 15(32.6) survived for over 24 hours, and 7(15.2%) survived to be discharged. The initial rhythms on cardiac arrest were 30 cases(65.2%) of asystole, 14(30.4%) of PEA(pulseless electrical activity), and 2(4.3%) of ventricular fibrillation, with ROSC being 17 cases(56.7%), 9(64.3%) and 1(50.0%) cases and discharged survivors being 4 cases(13.3%), 3(21.4%) and 0(0.0%) cases, respectively. Conclusion: Extraordinarily high proportions of asystole and PEA were seen in the initial rhythm of cardiac arrest, and those were associated with high survival rates. Although further study is needed to evaluate the course leading to this high proportion of asystole and PEA, this result suggests that if the EMS system in the hospital is activated promptly and systematically, a better outcome will be achieved in case of cardiac arrest with asystole and PEA.

순환기 내과로 자문의뢰된 환자의 임상상

황진용,최지용,손상균,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.4

목적 : 순환기내과 영역은 많은 과로부터 자문의뢰를 받는 영역으로 알려져 있다. 특히 최근 우리나라의 순환기질환의 유형이 변화되고 입원환자가 고령화되면서 동반된 심질환의 유병율도 증가하고있다. 이에 저자들은 타과로 입원하여 순환기내과로 자문의뢰되는 환자의 임상상과 3차병원인 경북대학교병원에서의 순환기내과자문의 유용성 등을 평가하여 향후 순환기질병에 대한 협의진료에 도움을 주고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1995년 3월부터 순환기내과로 공식자문의뢰된 첫 100명을 대상으로 전향적으로 연령, 의뢰이유, 최종진단명, 수술과의 관련성 여부, 순환기내과의 최종조치, 타과의 순응도 등을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1) 자문을 의뢰한 환자는 평균 58±16(15-89, 중앙치 61)세였고 60세이상의 환자가 57%로 고령의 환자가 많았다. 2) 내과계열 25%, 외과계열 75%로 외과계열의 자문이 많았고 일반외과가 26%로 가장 많았고 내과의 다른 분과가 12%, 신경외과 12%, 정형외과 11%, 흉부외과 11%, 신경과 11% 등의 순이었다. 외과계열중 수술을 시행한 경우는 58례로 이중 응급수술이 13례였다. 술전 위험도 평가를 위한 자문이 38례에서 있었는데 순환기적인 문제로 수술을 받지 못한 경우는 2례(1례는 허혈성 심질환, 1례는 심낭질환)이었다. 이때 응급수술을 제외한 입원일과 술전 자문일파의 간격은 평균 3±7일(입원일-42일)이고 술전 자문일과 수술일과의 간격은 평균 6±4일(1-16일)이었다. 3) 타과의 의뢰이유는 심전도 이상이 36례, 높게 측정된 혈압이 20례, 순환기질환의 과거력 17례, 환자의 증상 때문인 경우가 10례였고 심전도의 이상중에는 부정맥이 18례, 이상 Q파 6례, ST절 이상이 5례, 각차단이 3례의 순이었다. 순환기과거력 중에는 허혈성 심질환이 6례, 현재 혈압은 정상이나 고혈압의 과거력이 있는 경우가 4례 순이었고 환자의 증상은 흉통 6례, 호흡곤란이 3례, 기절이 1례였다. 4) 자문후 최종진단이 가능했던 91례를 진단별(총 97 진단명)로 나누어 보면 고혈압이 28례, 부정맥이 16례, 허혈성 심질환이 14례, 판막질환이 11례, 순환기질환이 아닌경우가 19래였다. 이들중 추적진료가 필요하다고 응답한 경우가 57례였으나 순환기내과 외래에 1번이상 추적진료한 경우는 32례(56%)로 환자의 순응도는 낮았다. 결론 : 순환기내과의 자문의뢰는 고령자에게 많았고 수술과 관련된 경우가 많았으며 심전도의 이상이 의뢰이유로 가장 많았으며 진단별로는 고혈압과 부정맥이 가장 많았다. 그리고 순환기적인문제로 수술을 받지 못한 경우는 드물었고 자문후 지속적인 추적진료를 위해 환자의 교육이 필요하겠다. Objective : Clinical characteristics of the patients with cardiovascular diseases in the general hospital have been changed and prevalance of co-existing cardiovascular disease in the patients who were admitted for non-cardiac diseases has been increased remarkably as the proportion of elderly patients increased rapidly in Korea. We evaluated clinical features of the patients consulted for cardiological evaluation and effectiveness of the consultation in the setting of tertiary general hospital, Kyungpook University Hospital. Method : One hundred patients were studied between January 1995 and January 1996. They were evaluated for the reason of consultation, final diagnosis, final recommendation from cardiologists and its impact on the management of the patients, and compliance of the consulting departments. Results : 1) The ages ranged between 15 and 89 (mean 58±16, median 61) years, 57 patients were male and 43 female. Fifty seven patients were older than 60 years. 2) Consultations from surgical parts were 75 patients. Consultation from general surgery was most frequent (26%), followed by other divisions of internal medicine (12%), neurosurgery (12%) and orthopedic surgery (11%), chest surgery (11%), neurology (11%), obstetrics and gynecology (8%), urology (4%), ophthalmology (2%), dermatology (2%), ENT (1%). Among 75 patients from surgical parts, operation was done on 58 patients, including 13 emergency cases. Preoperative cardiac risk evaluation was the reason of consultation in thirty eight patients, of which operation could not be done in only 2 patients (one had severe ischemic heart disease, the other large pericardial disease). Interval between consultation day and operation day was 6±4 days (1-6 days). 3) Reasons for cardiac consultation were electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 36 patients, high blood pressure in 20 patients, previous cardiovascular diseases in 17 patients, symptoms of the patients in 10 patients. Among EGG abnormalities, arrhythmias was the reason in 18 patients, abnormal Q waves in 6 patients, ST-T segment abnormalities in 5 patients, bundle branch block in 3 patients. Among previous cardiovascular disease, presence of ischemic heart disease was the reason in 6 patients, previous hypertension in 4 patients. Chest pain was the reason of the consultation in 6 patients, dyspnea in 3 patients, syncope in 1 patient. 4) Definite diagnoses could be made in 91 patients with 96 diagnoses which were hypertension and its complications in 28, arrhythmia with underlying disease in 16, ischemic heart disease in 14. valvular heart disease in 11, non-cardiovascular disease in 19. Cardiological follow up was recommended in 57 patients. However, 25 patients (44%) were lost to follow-up. Conclusion : Cardiological consultation was frequent in the elderly patients. Most frequent reason for consultation was EGG abnormalities. Hypertension or arrhythmia was most common final diagnosis. Inoperability due to cardiovascular problems were rare.

배선용 차단기(MCCB)개폐기구부의 트립시간 민감도에 관한 연구

엄위상,김길수,조현길,박진영 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2000 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2000 No.1

배선용 차단기의 개폐기구는 수동 조작력을 가동 접촉자에 전달하여 차단, 개폐의 동작을 행하는 것으로 Spring과 Link를 주체로 구성되어 있으며 기구부가 단락 차단 성능의 가장 큰 영향을 미친다. 제품 성능 개선을 위해 기구부를 변경하기 위해서는 많은 시행착오를 거치게 되는데 이 때 소요되는 시간과 비용을 줄이기 위해 동특성 해석이 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 제품의 동적 모델링을 위해 범용 동역학 해석 프로그램인 ADAMS(Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System)을 이용하였고 설계 변경시 반복작업으로 인한 실패비용을 최소화하고 링크 지점의 최적값을 구하기 위해 민감도 해석과 최적화 기법을 도입하였다.

견실한 자기구성 퍼지제어기 설계에 관한 연구

신위재,이팔진 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.2

본 논문에서는 서보 드라이브 시스템의 파라메타 변동과 외란에 대한 영향을 감소시키기 위해 견실 제어기를 갖는 자기구성 퍼지제어기(SOFC)를 설계하였다. 제어규칙이 자동으로 생성되고 수정되는 종적 공정을 위한 자기구성 퍼지제어기는 외란이나 파라메타 변동의 영향으로 제어규칙의 불필요한 개정으로 인해 불안정한 응답특성을 가진다. 따라서 그러한 단점들을 개선하기 위해 견실한 제어기를 갖는 자기구성 퍼지제어기를 설계하였다. 이를 위해 동적모델을 구성하고 교류 서보모터 드라이브 시스템의 시뮬레이션을 통해 제어계통이 견실한 특성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. In this paper, a Self-Organizing Fuzzy Control(SOFC) with Robust Controller considering the effects of parameter variations and external disturbance for the drive system is designed. A SOFC, a heuristic controller for dynamic processes whose control rule is able to generate and improve automatically, has an unstable response quality and output oscillation, because of a unnecessary revision for the control rule on account of effects of external disturbance and parameter variations. So, we designed a SOFC with Robust Controller for improve the weak points. A RSOFC(SOFC with Robust Controller) is composed of Robust Controller using dynamic model in order to reduce those effects, and it confirmed that designed RSOFC has a robust characteristic through simulation of the AC-Servo Motor drive system.

정량적관상동맥조영술의 정확도 및 재현도

조용근,황진용,박헌식,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.4

목적 : 정량적관상동맥조영술이 최근 널리 보급되고 있지만 국내외를 막론하고 이의 정확도 및 재현도에 관한 연구가 불충분하여 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 110명의 환자에서 미국 General Electric사의 Advantx L/C/LP 디지탈혈관찰영기와 미국 USCI사의 좌관상동맥용 Judkins형의 Pro-Flo XT^(TM) 6F 도자를 이용하여 좌관상동맥조영술을 같은 각도에서 3회 실시하고 도자의 외경을 일본 Mitutoyo사의 정밀도 0.01㎜의 micrometer로 측정한 후 측정된 도자의 실제 직경과 정량적관상동맥조영술로 측정된 관상동맥의 직경을 비교하였다. 결 과 : USCI® Pro-Flo XT^(TM) 6F 좌관상동맥용 도자의 실제 외경은 1.91±0.03㎜이었고 정량적관상동맥조영술로 측정 한 도자의 외경은 1.94±0.11㎜이었다. 도자를 5.7F로 calibration했을 매 도자의 외경은 1.87±0.12㎜이었다. 세번 다 다른 화상에서 측정한 경우 근위부관상동맥 직경의 차이는 0.02±0.12㎜이었고 같은 화상에서 3회 측정하였던 경우에는 0.11±0.01㎜이었다. 결론 : 정량적관상동맥조영술의 정확도 및 재현도는 사용에 적합한 정도이나 적지 않은 문제점에 대한 보완이 필요하다고 생각된다. During quantitaive coronary angiography(QCA), contrast filled catheter is usually used as a scaling device. However the real diamerer of catheter is almost always smaller than the listed diameter. We measured the real diameter of catheters with precision micrometer(Mitutoyo® Japan). After caliberating the catheter as listed French size and diameter, we did QCA at the same tube position of the diameters of catheter and proximal left coronary artery. All measurements were done 3 times consecutively. The mean real diameter of USCI® Pro-Flo XT^(TM) 6 F left Judkin catheter was 1.91±0.03 ㎜. The mean QCA diamter of the same catheter was 1.94±0.11 ㎜. When we calibrated catheter as 1.91 ㎜. the mean QCA diameter was 1.87±0.12 ㎜. The mean differences of the diameters of the proximal left coronary artery were 0.20±0.12 ㎜ when the measurements were done in three different frames. When the measurements were done in the same frmae, the mean difference decreased to 0.11±0.01 ㎜. We conclude that the precision and reproducibility of QCA are within reasonable range, but more refimement is needed.

응급실에 내원한 환자에서 어지럼증의 원인과 임상양상의 분석

문원식,정경운,위준선,문정미,전병조,김용권,소정일,류진호,허탁,민용일 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Background: Recently, The number of patients who have been complaining of the vertigo or dizziness has been increasing due to rapid growth of elderly population and senile disease. The differentiation of dizzy patients is not familiar to most emergency physicians. This study was designed to differentiate true vertigo and to investigate the clinical difference among central vertigo, peripheral vertigo, and other causes of dizziness. Methods: The authors analyzed the cases of 237 dizzy patients who visited the emergency department of Chonnam University Hospital during the recent 2 years. For the base of dizziness, associated past illnesses, severity, nystagmus type, and the causes of central and peripheral vertigo. Results: Female patients were 142(59.9%) and male patients were 95(40.1%). The most common age group was the 6th decade. The origin of dizziness was classified as peripheral cause(25.3%), central cause(32.9%), and others(41.8%). As to nature of the dizziness, the rotatory sense was dominant in peripheral vertigo and the floating sense and blurred vision in central vertigo. Peripheral vertigo was triggered by position change of head and body, and central vertigo by the eye movement. Audiograms I showed that most patients with central vertigo had normal hearing, but 46.7% of thoswith peripheral vertigo had an abnormal hearing disturbance. Nystagmus was more prevalent in peripheral vertigo Conclusion: History taking and physical examination played an important role in the diagnosis of dizzy patients. An important part of the diagnosis of a dizzy patient could be to evaluate the peripheral origin, the central origin and others causes. Because central vertigo may be associated with a significant neurological pathology, spectral radiological studies, including MRI and CT, are mandatory to rule out a devastating brain lesion.