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Automatic Evaluation of Question Answering System based on BE Method
Akiko Yamamoto,Junichi Fukumoto 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
In this paper, we describe automatic evaluation method for question answering in natural language. This method is based on BEs (Basic Elements) originally proposed by Hovy et. al. for automatic evaluation of document summaries. We applied BE method for evaluation of question answering with comparison between BEs of system answer and BEs of correct answers. According to the experiments using QAC4 test set, we have proved that BE method has some correlation with human evaluation.
Enomoto, Akiko,Itoh, Ken,Harada, Takanori,Yamamoto, Masayuki The Korean Society of Toxicology Korea Environment 2001 Toxicological Research Vol.17 No.-
Xenobiotics and their reactive intermediates bind to cellular macromolecules and/or generate oxidative stress. which provoke deleterious effects on the cell function. Induction of xenobiotic-biotrans-forming enzymes and antioxidant molecules is an important defense mechanism against such insults. A group of genes involved in the defense mechanism. e.g. genes encoding glutathione S-transferases. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) and ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GGCS). have a common regulatory sequence, Antioxidant or Electrophile Responsive Element (ARE/EpRE). Recently. Nrf2. discovered as a homologue of erythroid transcription factor p45 NF-E2, was shown to bind ARE/EpRE and induce the expression of these defense genes. Mice that lack Nrf2 show low basal levels of expression and/or impaired induction of these genes. which makes the animals highly sensitive to xenobiotic toxicity. Indeed. we show here that nrf2-deficient mice had a higher mortality than did the wild-type mice when exposed to acetaminophen (APAP). Detailed analyses of APAP hepatotoxicity in the nrf2 knockout mice indicate that a large amount of reactive APAP metabolites was generated in the livers due to the impaired basal expression of two detoxifying enzyme genes, UDP-GT (Ugt1a6) and GGCS. while the cytochrome P450 content was unchanged. Thus. the studies using the nrf2 knockout mice clearly demonstrate significance of the expression of Nrf2-regulated enzymes in protection against xenobiotic toxicity.
Nobuyoshi Kosaka,Akiko Kogure,Tomofumi Yamamoto,Fumihiko Urabe,Wataru Usuba,Marta Prieto-Vila,Takahiro Ochiya 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
Liquid biopsy is indispensable for the resolution of current medical issues, such as the cost of developing new drugs and predicting responses of patients to drugs. In this sense, not only the technology for liquid biopsy but also the target biomolecules for biomarkers need to be identified. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various proteins, including membrane-bound proteins, and RNAs, including mRNA and long/short noncoding RNAs, have emerged as ideal targets for liquid biopsy. These complex biomolecules are covered by a lipid bilayer, which can protect them from degradation. In this review, we review current topics regarding EVs as cancer biomarkers and introduce technologies used for these recently emerged biomolecules.
Anti-apoptotic effect by Bcl-2 in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes.
Takahashi, Hidetoshi,Honma, Masaru,Ishida-Yamamoto, Akemi,Namikawa, Kazuhiko,Miwa, Akiko,Okado, Haruo,Kiyama, Hiroshi,Iizuka, Hajime Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
Bcl-2 is a member of large bcl-2 family and protects cells from apoptosis. Using bcl-2-expressing adenovirus vector (Ad-bc1-2), we investigated the effect of bc1-2 on UVB-induced apoptosis. Adenovirus vector efficiently introduced bc1-2 gene in cultured normal mouse keratinocytes (NMK cells); almost all NMK cells (lx10$^{6}$ ) were transfected at Ixl0$^{8}$ PFU/ml. Bcl-2-transfected NMK cells were significantly resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis with the suppressive effect dependent on bcl-2-expression level. Following UVB irradiation caspase 8, 3, 9 activities were stimulated in NMK cells, while in bc1-2-transfected cells, only caspase 8, but not caspase 3 or 9 activities were stimulated. In order to investigate the effect of bc1-2 in vivo, topical application of Ad-bc1-2 on tape-stripped mouse skin was performed. Following the application, Bc1-2 was efficiently overexpressed in almost all viable keratinocytes. The expression was transient with the maximal expression of Bc1-2 at 1st day following the application of lxl0$^{9}$ PFU in 200ml. The introduced Bc1-2 remained at least for 6 days. UVB irradiation (1250 J/m$^2$) induced apoptosis within 12 h and the maximal effect was observed at 24 h in control mouse skin. Bc1-2-transfected mice skin were resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis. Topical application of empty adenovirus vector alone had no effect on Bc1-2 expression or UVB-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that adenovirus vector is an efficient gene delivery system into keratinocytes and that Bcl-2 is a potent inhibitor of UVB-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
Natural History of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction and Need for Palliative Care
Kosuke Tanaka,Hidenori Ohkubo,Atsushi Yamamoto,Kota Takahashi,Yuki Kasai,Anna Ozaki,Michihiro Iwaki,Takashi Kobayashi,Tsutomu Yoshihara,Noboru Misawa,Akiko Fuyuki,Shingo Kato,Takuma Higurashi,Kunihiro 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.3
Background/AimsNatural history of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), a rare disease characterized by episodes of non-mechanical obstruction, is unclear in adults. This study evaluates the clinical course of CIPO and palliative care needs of patients. MethodsFrom October 2010 to September 2021, 74 patients who underwent cine MRI and had a definitive diagnosis of CIPO were prospectively included. We investigated disease etiology and outcomes, age at onset, nutritional status at consultation (body mass index and serum albumin), hydrogen breath test results, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) during the disease course. ResultsForty-seven patients (64%) were women, with a mean age of 44 years at onset and 49 years at diagnosis. Primary CIPO was observed in 48 patients (65%). Secondary CIPO was observed in 26 cases (35%), of whom 18 (69%) had scleroderma. The mean body mass index, serum albumin level, and hydrogen breath test positivity rate were 17 kg/m2, 3.8 mg/dL, and 60%, respectively. TPN and invasive decompression therapy were required by 23 (31%) and 18 (24%) patients, respectively. Intestinal sterilization was performed in 51 (69%) patients and was effective in 33 (65%); of these, 28 (85%) were taking metronidazole. Seven (9%) patients used opioids. There were 9 deaths (12%), including 5 (56%) from infection and 2 (22%) from suicide. Of the deaths, 6 (67%) and 4 (44%) underwent TPN management and decompression therapy, respectively. Fifty-one patients (69%) wanted palliative care. ConclusionCIPO is a rare, severe, and under-recognized disease. Standardization of treatment strategies, including palliative care and psychiatric interventions, is desired.
Park, Hyeji,Hong, Kicheol,Kang, Jin Soo,Um, Teakyung,Knapek, Michal,Miná,rik, Peter,Sung, Yung-Eun,Má,this, Kristiá,n,Yamamoto, Akiko,Kim, Hyun-Kyung,Choe, Heeman Elsevier 2019 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.97 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We synthesized Fe foams using water suspensions of micrometric Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> powder by reducing and sintering the sublimated Fe oxide green body to Fe under 5% H<SUB>2</SUB>/Ar gas. The resultant Fe foam showed aligned lamellar macropores replicating the ice dendrites. The compressive behavior and deformation mechanism of the synthesized Fe foam were studied using an acoustic emission (AE) method, with which we detected sudden localized structural changes in the Fe foam material. The evolution of the deformation mechanism was elucidated using the adaptive sequential <I>k</I>-means (ASK) algorithm; specifically, the plastic deformation of the cell struts was followed by localized cell collapse, which eventually led to fracturing of the cell walls. For potential biomedical applications, the corrosion and biocompatibility characteristics of the two synthesized Fe foams with different porosities (50% vs. 44%) were examined and compared. Despite its larger porosity, the superior corrosion behavior of the Fe foam with 50% porosity can be attributed to its larger pore size and smaller microscopic surface area. Based on the cytotoxicity tests for the extracts of the foams, the Fe foam with 44% porosity showed better cytocompatibility than that with 50% porosity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Iron foam synthesized from water suspension of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> powder under 5% H<SUB>2</SUB>/Ar gas. </LI> <LI> Compressive deformation mechanism of iron foam is analyzed using an acoustic emission. </LI> <LI> Not porosity but pore size is a dominant factor for corrosion behavior of iron foams. </LI> <LI> Concentration released Fe<SUP>n+</SUP> controls cytotoxicity of iron foam extracts. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>