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Behavior of dry medium and loose sand-foundation system acted upon by impact loads
Adnan F. Ali,Mohammed Y. Fattah,Balqees A. Ahmed 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.64 No.6
The experimental study of the behavior of dry medium and loose sandy soil under the action of a single impulsive load is carried out. Different falling masses from different heights were conducted using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to provide the single pulse energy. The responses of soils were evaluated at different locations (vertically below the impact plate and horizontally away from it). These responses include; displacements, velocities, and accelerations that are developed due to the impact acting at top and different depth ratios within the soil using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and accelerometers (ARH-500A Waterproof, and Low capacity Acceleration Transducer) that are embedded in the soil and then recorded using the multi-recorder TMR-200. The behavior of medium and loose sandy soil was evaluated with different parameters, these are; footing embedment, depth ratios (D/B), diameter of the impact plate (B), and the applied energy. It was found that increasing footing embedment depth results in: amplitude of the force-time history increases by about 10-30%. due to increase in the degree of confinement with the increasing in the embedment, the displacement response of the soil will decrease by about 25-35% for loose sand, 35-40% for medium sand due to increase in the overburden pressure when the embedment depth increased. For surface foundation, the foundation is free to oscillate in vertical, horizontal and rocking modes. But, when embedding a footing, the surrounding soil restricts oscillation due to confinement which leads to increasing the natural frequency, moreover, soil density increases with depth because of compaction, that is, tendency to behave as a solid medium.
Hayat Faisal,Bai Yang,Iqbal Shahid,Ma Chengdong,Ali Muhammad Moaaz,Shahid Muhammad Adnan,Hasan Mahmood Ul,Mosa Walid F. A.,Khan Ummara,Xiao Huang,Gao Zhihong 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.5
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important plant hormone required for various plant growth and developmental activities. YUCCA proteins are the enzymes for IAA synthesis that catalyze the rate-limiting step. However, the YUCCA gene family in Japanese apricot has not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we investigated the eff ect of rootstocks on scion growth of Japanease apricot and genes involved in auxin biosynthesis ( YUCCA ). Growth characteristics revealed that the height of ‘Longyan’ [ Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc] plants with P. mume rootstock were signifi cantly shorter than ‘Longyan’ plants with P. persica rootstock. This study isolated 13 PmYUCCA genes from the Japanese apricot genome. Bioinformatics and expression studies were undertaken to investigate the functions and characteristics of YUCCA genes. The physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved domains, conserved motif, and phylogenetic relationships of YUCCA genes were determined using bioinformatics analysis. Likewise, we analyzed the expression of PmYUCCA genes in Japanese apricot’s leaf and stem-bark (scion). The expression levels of PmYUCCA3 and PmYUCCA5 genes were noticeably lower in the leaves of ‘Longyan’/ P. mume graft combination than that of the ‘Longyan’/ P. persica graft combinations, suggesting their distinct roles in regulating growth vigor. This research explores the genome-wide identifi cation, characterization, and possible relationship between growth vigor and expression profi le analysis of the YUCCA gene family in Japanese apricot.