Alaska Megathrust 2: Imaging the megathrust zone and Yakutat/Pacific plate interface in the Alaska subduction zone

Kim, YoungHee,Abers, Geoffrey A.,Li, Jiyao,Christensen, Douglas,Calkins, Josh,Rondenay, Sté,phane American Geophysical Union 2014 Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol.119 No.3

We image the slab underneath a 450 km long transect of the Alaska subduction zone to investigate (1) the geometry and velocity structure of the downgoing plate and their relationship to slab seismicity and (2) the interplate coupled zone where the great 1964 earthquake (M-w 9.2) exhibited the largest amount of rupture. The joint teleseismic migration of two array data sets based on receiver functions (RFs) reveals a prominent, shallow-dipping low-velocity layer at similar to 25-30 km depth in southern Alaska. Modeling of RF amplitudes suggests the existence of a thin layer (V-s of similar to 2.1-2.6 km/s) that is similar to 20-40% slower than underlying oceanic crustal velocities, and is sandwiched between the subducted slab and the overriding plate. The observed megathrust layer (with V-p/V-s of 1.9-2.3) may be due to a thick sediment input from the trench in combination with elevated pore fluid pressure in the channel. Our image also includes an unusually thick low-velocity crust subducting with a similar to 20 degrees dip down to 130 km depth at similar to 200 km inland beneath central Alaska. The unusual nature of this subducted segment results from the subduction of the Yakutat terrane crust. Our imaged western edge of the Yakutat terrane aligns with the western end of a geodetically locked patch with high slip deficit, and coincides with the boundary of aftershock events from the 1964 earthquake. It appears that this sharp change in the nature of the downgoing plate could control the slip distribution of great earthquakes on this plate interface.

Are there any further modalities for prediction of subclinical volume overload in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease?

( Aber Halim Baki ),( Cherry Reda Kamel ),( Hazem Mansour ) 대한신장학회 2021 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.40 No.1

Background: Subclinical volume overload in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient represents a debatable issue. Although many tools were used to detect volume overload in such patients, many non-specific results were due to presence of comorbidities. Bioimpedance spectroscopy is an objective fluid status assessment method, which is shown superior to classical methods in many studies. Combining some of these tools may improve their accuracy and specificity. Inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI) with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be combined for more specific volume assessment. This study was performed to assess the usage of combined IVCCI and BNP levels in CKD patients to predict subclinical volume overload. Methods: One hundred and ten patients with CKD (stages 4 and 5) not on dialysis and having normal left ventricular systolic function were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were: (1) patients with other causes of raised BNP than volume overload and (2) patients on diuretics. A complete medical history was obtained, and thorough examination and laboratory tests were performed for all included patients. IVCCI and BNP serum levels were evaluated. The patients who exhibited an overhydration (OH)/extracellular water (ECW) ratio of >15% were considered to have volume overload. Results: Twenty-six patients (23.6%) had subclinical hypervolemia as diagnosed by OH/ECW ratio of >15%. IVCCI ≤ 38% had higher diagnostic performance than BNP ≥ 24 pg/mL. Combining both IVCCI ≤ 38% and BNP ≥ 24 pg/mL increased the specificity and positive predictive value for detection of subclinical hypervolemia. Conclusion: Combined elevated BNP level and decreased IVCCI are more precise tools for subclinical volume overload detection in CKD patients.

Keto rash following carbohydrate restriction

Felix Aberer,Nadine Wachsmuth,Beate Zunner,Werner Aberer,Othmar Moser 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.5

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A novel antibacterial mixed matrixed PES membrane fabricated from embedding aminated Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for use in the membrane bioreactor

Leila Ghalamchi,Soheil Aber,Vahid Vatanpour,Mohsen Kian 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.70 No.-

Herein we represent the effects of the presence of Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 nanoparticles in the PES membranesmatrix on the permeation properties and anti-biofouling performance by using two different solventsincluding DMAc and DMSO. The Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were synthesized via co-precipitationand thermal pyrolysis methods A new polyethersulfone (PES) microfiltration membrane containingg-C3N4 nanosheets/Ag3PO4 nanoparticles was prepared via the nonsolvent induced phase inversionprocess. High hydrophilicity and the antibacterial properties of Ag3PO4-NH2 nanoparticles made them asuperior choice to be combined with g-C3N4 nanosheets to modify the membrane characteristics as ananofiller additive. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), mean pore size measurement, water contact angle, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) wereapplied for the membrane characterization. Also, the permeation performance and antibacterialproperties of the membranes were studied. All the membranes incorporated with nanoparticlespresented better membrane properties in comparison with the pristine PES membrane. The waterpermeation was improved from 262.3 L m2 h to 360.0 L m2 h for membrane containing 0.5 wt% of thefunctionalized Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite in the PES/DMSO matrix. To some extent, the excellentantimicrobial ability of these nanohybrid membranes could turn them in to a desirable candidate toovercome biofouling issues in applications such as the membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. The MBRresults also revealed that the pure waterflux and the criticalflux were enhanced.

Preparation of reusable conductive activated charcoal plate as a new electrode for industrial wastewater treatment

Baharak Ayoubi-Feiz,Soheil Aber 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.10

A conductive activated charcoal plate (ACP) was prepared from a low-cost, abundant, and non-conductive charcoal. The prepared ACP was characterized using N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the charcoal and the ACP was 0.58m2 g−1 and 461.67m2 g−1, respectively. The ACP was employed in textile wastewater treatment using electrosorption process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to design the experiments. The decolorization efficiency of 76% at optimum conditions of voltage=450mV, pH=4, and contact time=120 min indicated that the ACP has promising potential to decolorize textile wastewater. Moreover, the results of the kinetic analyses demonstrated that wastewater treatment followed pseudo-first order kinetic model. The ACP electrode could be regenerated and reused effectively at five successive cycles of electrosorption/electrodesorption.

Degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution using nanolepidocrocite chips/H2O2/UV: Optimization and kinetics studies

Mohsen Sheydaei,Soheil Aber,Alireza Khataee 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) by nanolepidocrocite chips/H2O2/UV method as a new photo-Fenton like process was investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were initial AMX concentration of 10 mg l 1 and initial H2O2 concentration of 60 mg l 1 at pH of 2 under UV radiation for 120 min. The general photo-Fenton process mechanism was applied to propose a new kinetic model for AMX degradation. According to this model, the reaction constant between AMX and OH was obtained 4.55 105 M 1 s 1. Also, nanolepidocrocite showed good catalytic activity even after four successive degradation cycles.

Neodymium doped mixed metal oxide derived from CoAl-layered double hydroxide: Considerable enhancement in visible light photocatalytic activity

Fatemeh Khodam,Hamid Reza Amani-Ghadim,Soheil Aber,Ali Reza Amani-Ghadim,Iraj Ahadzadeh 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.68 No.-

Herein, the Neodymium ion (Nd3+) doped CoAl-LDH have been successfully prepared via co-precipitation method and was used as a precursor of Nd-doped CoAl-mixed metal oxides (MMO). The photocatalytic activity of doped LDH and MMO was investigated in the degradation of an azo dye, C.I. Acid Red 14, under visible light irradiation. DRS and PL analysis demonstrated decreasing in the band gap energy and recombination of photo-induced charge carriers of Nd-doped LDH and MMO compared with the pristine CoAL-LDH. Due to significant difference in photocatalytic performance. A power law empirical kinetic model was obtained for predicting the photocatalytic degradation efficiency.

Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition and associated factors among under-5 children in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

Mekonen Adimasu,Girum Sebsibie,Fikrtemariam Abebe,Getaneh Baye,Kerebih Abere 한국역학회 2020 Epidemiology and Health Vol.42 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is often a neglected topic despite its clinical impact. Although a few studies have examined nutritional recovery time, the length of hospitalization in those studies varied greatly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the recovery time from SAM and to identify predictors of length of hospitalization among under-5 children. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 423 under-5 children with SAM who had been admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate time to nutritional recovery, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors. RESULTS: The nutritional recovery rate was 81.3%, and the median recovery time was 15.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.61 to 16.39). Age, daily weight gain per kilogram of body weight, vaccination status, and the existence of at least 1 comorbidity (e.g., pneumonia, stunting, shock, and deworming) were found to be significant independent predictors of nutritional recovery time. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for nutritional recovery decreased by 1.9% for every 1-month increase in child age (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The overall nutritional recovery time in this study was within the Sphere standards. However, approximately 13.0% of children stayed in the hospital for more than 28.00 days, which is an unacceptably large proportion. Daily weight gain of ≥8 g/kg, full vaccination, and deworming with albendazole or mebendazole reduced nutritional recovery time. Conversely, older age, pneumonia, stunting, and shock increased nutritional recovery time.