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Ahad Jamalizadeh,H. Mahmoodian,A. Pourdarvish,N. Balakrishnan 한국통계학회 2012 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.41 No.2
In this paper, by considering a (k + n)-dimensional random vector XT , YT T , X ∈ Rk and Y ∈ Rn, having a multivariate elliptical distribution, we derive the exact distribution of AX + LY (n), where A ∈ Rp×k, L ∈ Rp×n, and Y(n) = Y(1), Y(2), . . . , Y(n)T denotes the vector of order statistics from Y. Next, we discuss the distribution of aTX+bY(r), for r = 1, . . . ,n, a =(a1, . . . , ak)T ∈ Rk and b ∈ R. We show that these distributions can be expressed as mixtures of multivariate unified skew-elliptical distributions. Finally, we illustrate an application of the established results to stock fund evaluation.
Cancer Risk Assessment Due to Natural and Fallout Activity in Some Cities of Pakistan
Ahad A.,Matiullah Matiullah,Bhatti Ijaz A.,Orfi S.D. The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2006 방사선방어학회지 Vol.31 No.1
The measured mean activities of $^{226}Ra,\;^{232}Th,\;^{40}K\;and\;^{137}Cs$ in the soil of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Rahimyar Khan Bistricts were 32.9, 53.6, 647.4 and 1.8 Bq $kg^{-1}$. The average absorbed dose rate calculated from these activities was 74.3 nGy $h^{-1}$ and the mean annual effective dose rate was found to be 0.46 mSv $y^{-1}$. Absorbed doses to different body organs were derived from annual effective doses using tissue weighting factors. Radiation induced fatal cancer risks were assessed by using ICRP 60 Model. Estimations incurred 184deaths per year due to cancer.
( Jean A. Garrison ),( Ahad Abdurahmonov ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2011 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.35 No.3
Dominant voices in the energy security debate describe the competition for energy resources as a zero-sum, realist game that will lead to future resource wars among prominent system-shaping states. However, the complex set of interlinked political, economic, and security issues that make up energy security involves "big" and "small" states. Complex interdependence provides a different lens to view power in situational and relational terms and thus a more comprehensive way to measure a state`s potential influence. This article examines the foreign-policy behavior of energy-rich "small" states in Central Asia, specifically Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, in the context of their "big" neighbors, particularly Russia and China. The goal is to begin to explain the energy dynamic within Central Asia and the bargaining process that is reshaping Central Asia`s interlinked political, economic, and security relationships.
Keyhani, Elahe,Muhammadnejad, Ahad,Behjati, Farkhondeh,Sirati, Fereidoon,Khodadadi, Faranak,Karimlou, Masoud,Moghaddam, Fatemeh A.,Pazhoomand, Reza Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in both developed and developing countries. The burden is increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMCs) and threatens the public health of such societies. Introduction of expensive monoclonal antibodies to cancer treatment regimens poses a real challenge in the health systems of LMCs. Despite controversy of cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab in breast cancer, some studies indicate gain of patients from this drug. The present study aimed to propose a priority setting model for administration of anti-angiogenic agents in breast cancer via assessment of tumor angiogenesis by the microvessel density (MVD) method and associations with clinicopathological characteristics (including simultaneous mutations of TP53 and HER-2 genes). Materials and Methods: Age, axillary lymph nodes status, tumor size, stage and grade, estrogen and progesterone receptors status, HER-2/neu status (by immunohistochemistry and FISH test), TP53 mutation, Ki-67 (for proliferation assay) and CD34 (for angiogenesis assay) were assessed in 111 breast cancer patients. The molecular subtype of each tumor was also determined and correlations of simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53 genes with angiogenesis and other clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Results: There were significant associations between simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53 genes and all other parameters except tumor size. The degree of angiogenesis in the ERBB2 subtype was greater than the others. Younger patients showed a higher angiogenesis rate rather those older than 50 years. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that patients with simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53 genes, those with ERBB2 molecular subtype and also younger women (often triple negative) seem more eligible for obtaining anti-angiogenic agents. These results suggest a model for priority setting of patients with breast cancer for treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs in LMCs.